Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [3] After he had performed these achievements and been honoured with many presents by the Aricians, he sailed home immediately, desiring to be himself the messenger to the Cumaeans of his victory. He was followed by a great number of merchantmen belonging to the Aricians, laden with the spoils and prisoners taken from the Tyrrhenians.

  [4] ὡς δὲ πλησίον ἐγένοντο τῆς Κύμης, ὁρμίσας τὰς ναῦς ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ στρατοῦ ποιεῖται, καὶ πολλὰ μὲν τῶν προεστηκότων τῆς πόλεως κατηγορήσας, πολλοὺς δὲ τῶν ἀνδραγαθησάντων κατὰ τὴν μάχην ἐπαίνους διελθὼν ἀργύριόν τε διαδοὺς αὐτοῖς κατ᾽ ἄνδρα καὶ τὰς παρὰ τῶν Ἀρικηνῶν δωρεὰς εἰς κοινὸν ἅπασι καταθεὶς ἠξίου μεμνῆσθαι τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν, ἂν καταπλεύσωσιν εἰς τὴν πατρίδα, καὶ ἄν τις αὐτῷ ποτε συμβαίνῃ κίνδυνος ἐκ τῆς ὀλιγαρχίας ὡς δύναμις ἑκάστῳ βοηθεῖν.

  [4] When they arrived near Cumae, he brought his ships to shore, and assembling his army, inveighed vehemently against the chief men of the city and bestowed many praises upon the soldiers who had distinguished themselves in the battle; and having given money to every one of them man by man and placed at the joint disposal of all of them the presents he had received from the Aricians, he asked that they should remember these favours when they returned home, and if he should be threatened with any danger from the oligarchy, that every one of them should assist him to the utmost of his power.

  [5] ἁπάντων δὲ πολλὰς ὁμολογούντων αὐτῷ χάριτας εἰδέναι τῆς τ᾽ ἀνελπίστου σωτηρίας, ἣν δι᾽ ἐκεῖνον ἔσχον, καὶ τῆς ἐπὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα οὐ σὺν κεναῖς χερσὶν ἀφίξεως, καὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ψυχὰς θᾶττον ἢ τὴν ἐκείνου προήσεσθαι τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ἐπαγγειλαμένων, ἐπαινέσας αὐτοὺς ἀπέλυσε τὴν ἐκκλησίαν. καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο καλῶν εἰς τὴν αὑτοῦ σκηνὴν τοὺς πονηροτάτους ἐξ αὐτῶν καὶ κατὰ χεῖρα γενναιοτάτους δωρεῶν τε δόσει καὶ λόγων φιλανθρωπίᾳ καὶ ταῖς ἅπαντας ἐξαπατώσαις ἐλπίσι διαφθείρας, [p. 11] ἑτοίμους ἔσχε συγκαταλῦσαι τὴν καθεστῶσαν πολιτείαν.

  [5] Then, when all acknowledged themselves to be under great obligations to him, not only for their unexpected preservation which they owed to him, but also for their not returning home with empty hands, and promised to sacrifice their own lives sooner than to abandon him to their enemies, he commended them and dismissed the assembly. After this he called into his tent those among them who were the most unprincipled and the most daring in action, and by means of largesses, fair words, and hopes which seduce all men, he bribed them in readiness to assist him in overthrowing the established government.

  [1] οὓς συνεργοὺς καὶ συναγωνιστὰς λαβὼν καὶ ἃ δεήσει πράττειν ἑκάστοις ὑποθέμενος τοῖς τ᾽ αἰχμαλώτοις, οὓς ἐπήγετο, προῖκα δοὺς τὴν ἐλευθερίαν, ἵνα καὶ τὴν ἐκείνων εὔνοιαν προσλάβῃ, κατέπλει κεκοσμημέναις ταῖς ναυσὶν εἰς τοὺς τῶν Κυμαίων λιμένας. οἱ δὲ τῶν στρατευομένων πατέρες τε καὶ μητέρες καὶ πᾶσα ἡ ἄλλη συγγένεια, παιδία τε καὶ γαμεταὶ γυναῖκες, ὑπήντων ἐξιοῦσιν αὐτοῖς μετὰ δακρύων περιπλεκόμενοι καὶ καταφιλοῦντες καὶ ταῖς ἡδίσταις ἕκαστον ἀνακαλούμενοι προσηγορίαις.

  [7.1] After he had secured these men as his assistants and participants with him in the struggle, and had acquainted each one with the part he was to play, and furthermore had set at liberty without ransom all the prisoners he was bringing along, in order to gain their goodwill also, he sailed with his ships decked out into the harbours of Cumae. When the soldiers disembarked, they were met by their fathers and mothers and all the rest of their kinsmen, their children and their wedded wives, who embraced them with tears and kisses and called each of them by the most endearing terms.

  [2] καὶ ἡ ἄλλη δὲ πληθὺς ἡ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ἅπασα χαρᾷ καὶ κρότῳ δεξιουμένη τὸν ἡγεμόνα προὔπεμπεν εἰς οἶκον ἀπιόντα. ἐφ᾽ οἷς οἱ προεστηκότες τῆς πόλεως ἀνιώμενοι, μάλιστα δ᾽ οἱ τὴν στρατηγίαν αὐτῷ παραδόντες καὶ τἆλλα τὰ πρὸς τὸν ὄλεθρον μηχανησάμενοι, πονηροὺς ὑπὲρ τοῦ μέλλοντος εἶχον διαλογισμούς.

  [2] And all the other citizens, receiving the general with joy and applause, conducted him to his house. But the chief men of the city, particularly those who had given him the command and concerted the other measures for his destruction, were vexed at these manifestations and felt sinister apprehensions regarding the future.

  [3] ὁ δὲ διαλιπὼν ὀλίγας τινὰς ἡμέρας, ἐν αἷς τὰς εὐχὰς ἀπεδίδου τοῖς θεοῖς καὶ τὰς ὑστεριζούσας ὁλκάδας ἀνεδέχετο, ἐπειδὴ καιρὸς ἦν, ἔφη βούλεσθαι τὰ πραχθέντα κατὰ τὸν ἀγῶνα πρὸς τὴν βουλὴν ἀπαγγεῖλαι καὶ τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πολέμου λάφυρα ἀποδεῖξαι. συνελθόντων δὲ τῶν ἐν τέλει κατὰ πλῆθος εἰς τὸ βουλευτήριον ὁ μὲν ἐδημηγόρει παρελθὼν καὶ πάντα τὰ γενόμενα κατὰ τὴν μάχην διεξῄει, οἱ δὲ παρασκευασθέντες ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ συνεργοὶ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως ἔχοντες ὑπὸ [p. 12] τοῖς ἱματίοις ξίφη κατὰ πλῆθος εἰσδραμόντες εἰς τὸ βουλευτήριον ἀποσφάττουσιν ἅπαντας τοὺς ἀριστοκρατικούς.

  [3] Aristodemus allowed a few days to pass, during which he performed his vows to the gods and waited for the merchantmen that were late in arriving, and then, when the proper time came, he said he desired to give the senate an account of the circumstances of the battle and to show them the spoils taken in the war. Then, the authorities having assembled in great numbers, he came forward and made a speech, in which he related everything that had happened in the battle; and while he was speaking, the accomplices in the plot with whom he had arranged matters rushed into the senate-house in a body with swords under their garments and killed all the members of the aristocracy.

  [4] φυγὴ δ᾽ ἐγένετο μετὰ τοῦτο τῶν κατ᾽ ἀγορὰν καὶ δρόμος, τῶν μὲν ἐπὶ τὰς οἰκίας, τῶν δ᾽ ἔξω τῆς πόλεως, πλὴν τῶν συνειδότων τὴν ἐπίθεσιν: οὗτοι δὲ τὴν ἄκραν καὶ τὰ νεώρια καὶ τοὺς ἐρυμνοὺς τόπους τῆς πόλεως κατελάμβανον. τῇ δ᾽ ἐπιούσῃ νυκτὶ λύσας ἐκ τῶν δεσμωτηρίων τοὺς ἐπιθανατίους πολλοὺς ὄντας καὶ καθοπλίσας ἅμα τοῖς ἄλλοις φίλοις, ἐν οἷς ἦσαν καὶ οἱ τῶν Τυρρηνῶν αἰχμάλωτοι, φυλακὴν ἐκ τούτων καθίσταται περὶ τὸ σῶμα.

  [4] Thereupon there ensued a flight of those who were in the forum and a rush of some to their houses and of others away from the city, except of such as were privy to the conspiracy; the latter in mean time captured the citadel, the dockyards, and the
strong places of the city. The following night he released from the prisons all who were under sentence of death, of whom there were many, arming them together with his friends, among whom were the Tyrrhenian prisoners, he formed out of these a bodyguard for himself.

  [5] ἡμέρας δὲ γενομένης συγκαλέσας τὸν δῆμον εἰς ἐκκλησίαν καὶ πολλὴν κατηγορίαν διαθέμενος τῶν φονευθέντων ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ πολιτῶν, ἐκείνους μὲν ἔφη τετιμωρῆσθαι σὺν δίκῃ πολλάκις ἐπιβουλευθεὶς ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν, τοῖς δ᾽ ἄλλοις πολίταις ἐλευθερίαν φέρων παρεῖναι καὶ ἰσηγορίαν καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ ἀγαθά.

  [5] When it was day, he assembled the people and after inveighing at length against the citizens who had been put to death by his orders, he said that those men, having often sought his life, had been justly punished by him, but that, as for the rest of the citizens, he had come to give them liberty, equal rights of speech, and many other advantages.

  [1] ταῦτ᾽ εἰπὼν καὶ θαυμαστῶν ἅπαντας ἐμπλήσας ἐλπίδων τοὺς δημοτικοὺς δύο τὰ κάκιστα τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις καθίσταται πολιτευμάτων, οἷς ἅπασα χρῆται προοιμίοις τυραννίς, γῆς ἀναδασμὸν καὶ χρεῶν ἄφεσιν: τούτων δὲ τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν αὐτὸς ἀμφοτέρων ὑπισχνεῖται ποιήσεσθαι στρατηγὸς ἀποδειχθεὶς αὐτοκράτωρ, ἕως ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ τὰ κοινὰ γένηται καὶ δημοκρατικὴν [p. 13]

  [8.1] When he had said this and thereby filled all the common people with wonderful hopes, he established two institutions which are the worst of all human institutions and the prologues to every tyranny — a redistribution of the land and an abolition of debts. He promised that he would take upon himself the care of both these matters if he were appointed general with absolute power till the public tranquillity should be secured and they had established a democratic constitution.

  [2] καταστήσωνται πολιτείαν. ἀσμένως δὲ τοῦ δημοτικοῦ καὶ πονηροῦ πλήθους τὴν ἁρπαγὴν τῶν ἀλλοτρίων δεξαμένου λαβὼν τὴν αὐτοκράτορα ἀρχὴν αὐτὸς παρ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ ἕτερον ἐπιφέρει βούλευμα, δι᾽ οὗ παρακρουσάμενος αὐτοὺς ἁπάντων ἀφείλετο τὴν ἐλευθερίαν. σκηψάμενος γὰρ ὑποπτεύειν ταραχὰς καὶ ἐπαναστάσεις ἐκ τῶν πλουσίων εἰς τοὺς δημοτικοὺς διὰ τὸν ἀναδασμὸν τῆς γῆς καὶ τὰς τῶν δανείων ἀφέσεις, ἵνα μὴ γένοιτο πόλεμος ἐμφύλιος μηδὲ φόνοι πολιτικοί, μίαν εὑρίσκειν ἔφη πρὶν εἰς τὰ δεινὰ ἐλθεῖν φυλακήν, εἰ τὰ ὅπλα προενέγκαντες ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν ἅπαντες τοῖς θεοῖς καθιερώσειαν, ἵνα κατὰ τῶν ἔξωθεν ἐπιόντων πολεμίων ἔχοιεν αὐτοῖς, ὅταν ἀνάγκη τις καταλάβῃ, χρῆσθαι καὶ μὴ καθ᾽ ἑαυτῶν, κεῖσθαι δ᾽ αὐτὰ τέως παρὰ τοῖς θεοῖς ἐν καλῷ.

  [2] When the common people and the unprincipled rabble gladly accepted the proposal to pillage the goods of other men, Aristodemus conferred upon himself the supreme command, and proposed another measure by which he deceived them and deprived them all of their liberty. For pretending to suspect that the rich would raise disturbances and insurrections against the common people on account of the redistribution of the land and the abolition of debts, he said the only means he could think of to prevent a civil war and the slaughter of citizens and to guard against these miseries before they happened, was for all of them to bring the arms out of their houses and to consecrate them to the gods, in order that they might make use of them against foreign enemies who should attack them, whenever the necessity should arise, and not against one another, and that in the mean time they would be suitably placed in the keeping of the gods.

  [3] ὡς δὲ καὶ τοῦτ᾽ ἐπείσθησαν, αὐθημερὸν ἁπάντων παρελόμενος Κυμαίων τὰ ὅπλα ταῖς ἑξῆς ἡμέραις ἔρευναν ἐποιεῖτο τῶν οἰκιῶν, ἐν αἷς πολλοὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς ἀποκτείνας τῶν πολιτῶν, ὡς οὐχ ἅπαντα τοῖς θεοῖς ἀποδείξαντας τὰ ὅπλα, μετὰ ταῦτα φυλακαῖς τρισὶ κρατύνεται τὴν τυραννίδα: ὧν ἦν μία μὲν ἐκ τῶν ῥυπαρωτάτων τε καὶ πονηροτάτων πολιτῶν, μεθ᾽ ὧν κατέλυσε τὴν ἀριστοκρατικὴν πολιτείαν, ἑτέρα δ᾽ ἐκ τῶν ἀνοσιωτάτων δούλων, οὓς αὐτὸς ἠλευθέρωσεν ἀποκτείναντας τοὺς αὑτῶν δεσπότας, τρίτη δὲ μισθοφόρος ἐκ τῶν ἀγριωτάτων βαρβάρων: οὗτοι δισχιλίων οὐκ ἐλάττους ἦσαν καὶ τὰ πολέμια μακρῷ τῶν [p. 14]

  [3] When they agreed to this also, he disarmed all the Cumaeans that very day, and during the following days he searched their houses, where he put to death many worthy citizens, alleging that they had not produced all their arms for the gods. After this he strengthened his tyranny by three sorts of guards. The first consisted of the filthiest and the most unprincipled of the citizens, by whose aid he had overthrown the aristocracy; the second, of the most impious knaves, whom he himself had freed for having killed their masters; and the third, a mercenary force, consisting of the most average barbarians, who amounted to no fewer than two thousand and were far better soldiers than any of the rest.

  [4] ἄλλων ἀμείνους. ὧν δ᾽ ἀπέκτεινεν ἀνδρῶν τὰς εἰκόνας ἀνελὼν ἐκ παντὸς ἱεροῦ καὶ βεβήλου τόπου, φέρων εἰς τοὺς αὐτοὺς τόπους τὰς ἰδίας ἀντ᾽ ἐκείνων ἀνέστησεν: οἰκίας δ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ κλήρους καὶ τὴν λοιπὴν ὕπαρξιν ἀναλαβών, ἐξελόμενος χρυσὸν καὶ ἄργυρον καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο τυραννίδος ἦν ἄξιον κτῆμα, τὰ λοιπὰ τοῖς συγκατασκευάσασι τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐχαρίσατο, πλείστας δὲ καὶ μεγίστας δωρεὰς τοῖς ἀποκτείνασι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν δεσπότας ἐδίδου: οἱ δ᾽ ἠξίουν ἔτι καὶ γυναιξὶ τῶν δεσποτῶν καὶ θυγατράσι συνοικεῖν.

  [4] He destroyed the statues of those he had put to death in all places both sacred and profane and set up his own in their stead; and seizing their houses and lands and the rest of their fortunes, he reserved for himself the gold and silver and everything else that was worthy of a tyrant, and divided the remainder among those who had aided him in gaining his power. But the most numerous and the largest gifts he made to the slaves who had killed their masters. Thereupon these insisted also on marrying the wives and daughters of their late masters.

  [1] γενεὰν δὲ τῶν πεφονευμένων τὴν ἄρρενα κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς ἐν οὐθενὶ λόγῳ ποιησάμενος, ὕστερον εἴτ᾽ ἐκ θεοπροπίου τινὸς εἴτε καὶ κατὰ τὸν εἰκότα λογισμὸν οὐ μικρὸν αὐτῷ δέος ὑποτρέφεσθαι νομίσας ἐπεχείρησε

  [9.1] At first he paid no attention to the male children of those who had been put to death, but afterwards, either at the direction of some oracle or influenced also by the reflection he any naturally make, that in them no small danger was being secretly reared up against him, he resolv
ed to destroy them all in one day.

  [2] μὲν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πᾶσαν ἀπολέσαι: δεήσει δὲ πολλῇ χρησαμένων ἁπάντων, παρ᾽ οἷς ἔτυχον αἵ τε μητέρες αὐτῶν οὖσαι καὶ οἱ παῖδες τρεφόμενοι, χαρίσασθαι βουλόμενος αὐτοῖς καὶ ταύτην τὴν δωρεὰν θανάτου μὲν ἀπολύει παρὰ γνώμην, φυλακὴν δὲ ποιούμενος αὐτῶν, μή τι συστάντες μετ᾽ ἀλλήλων βουλεύσωσι κατὰ τῆς τυραννίδος, ἀπιέναι πάντας ἐκέλευσεν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἄλλον ἄλλῃ καὶ δίαιταν ἔχειν ἐν τοῖς ἀγροῖς μηθενὸς τῶν προσηκόντων ἐλευθέροις παισὶ μήτ᾽ ἐπιτηδεύματος μήτε μαθήματος μεταλαμβάνοντας, ἀλλὰ ποιμαίνοντάς τε καὶ τἆλλα τὰ κατὰ τοὺς ἀγροὺς ἔργα πράττοντας, θάνατον ἀπειλήσας, εἴ τις ἐξ αὐτῶν εὑρεθείη [p. 15]

  [2] But at the earnest entreaties of all the men with whom the children’s mothers were living and the children themselves were being brought up, since he wished to grant them this favour also, he saved them from death, contrary to his intention. Taking precautions, however, against them, lest they should combine together and conspire against his tyranny, he ordered them all to depart from the city and to live in the country dispersed here and there, receiving instruction in no profession or branch of learning becoming to the children of freemen, but tending flocks and performing the other labours of the husbandmen; and he threatened with death anyone of them who should be found in the city.

  [3] παρελθὼν εἰς τὴν πόλιν. οἱ δὲ καταλιπόντες τὰς πατρῴας ἑστίας ἐν τοῖς ἀγροῖς ὥσπερ δοῦλοι διετρέφοντο τοῖς ἀποκτείνασι τοὺς πατέρας αὐτῶν λατρεύοντες. ἵνα δὲ μηδὲ τῶν ἄλλων πολιτῶν ἐν μηθενὶ γένηται μήτε γενναῖον μήτ᾽ ἀνδρῶδες φρόνημα, πᾶσαν ἐκθηλῦναι ταῖς ἀγωγαῖς τὴν ἐπιτρεφομένην νεότητα τῆς πόλεως ἐπεβάλετο ἀνελὼν μὲν τὰ γυμνάσια καὶ τὰς ἐνοπλίους μελἔτας, ἀλλάξας δὲ τὴν δίαιταν, ᾗ πρότερον οἱ παῖδες ἐχρῶντο.