[4] ἐκείνους. ἐρημούμενον δὴ θεωρῶν ἑαυτὸν ὁ Ἄππιος ἠναγκάσθη μεταγνῶναι καὶ ἀπελθεῖν ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς, ὃ καὶ μάλιστ᾽ ὤνησεν αὐτόν. ἐπιβαλλόμενος γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ δημοτικοῦ πλήθους καλὰς ἔτισεν ἂν αὐτῷ τὰς δίκας.
[4] Appius, accordingly, seeing himself being deserted, was obliged to change his mind and leave the Forum, a course which proved of the greatest advantage to him; for if he had been set upon by the plebeian crowd, he would have paid a fitting penalty to them.
[5] μετὰ τοῦτ᾽ ἐξουσίας ὅσης ἐβούλοντο τυχόντες οἱ περὶ τὸν Οὐαλέριον ἐνεφοροῦντο τῶν κατ᾽ ὀλιγαρχίας λόγων καὶ τοὺς ἔτι ἐνδοιάζοντας ἐξεδημαγώγουν. ἔτι δὲ μᾶλλον ἐξηλλοτρίωσαν τὸν πολιτικὸν ὄχλον οἱ τῆς κόρης συγγενεῖς κλίνην τε κομίσαντες εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν καὶ τὸν ἄλλον κόσμον τὸν ἐπιτάφιον οἷον ἐδύναντο πολυτελέστατον παρασκευάσαντες, καὶ τὴν ἐκφορὰν τοῦ σώματος διὰ τῶν ἐπιφανεστάτων τῆς πόλεως ποιησάμενοι στενωπῶν, ὅθεν ὑπὸ πλείστων ὀφθήσεσθαι ἔμελλον.
[5] After that Valerius and his followers, having all the authority they wished, indulged themselves in anti-oligarchic speeches and by their harangues won over those who still hesitated. The dissatisfaction of the citizens at large was still further increased by the relations of the girl, who brought her bier into the Forum, prepared all the funeral trappings on the most costly scale they could, and then bore the body in procession through the principal streets of the city, where it would be seen by the largest number of people.
[6] ἐξεπήδων γὰρ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν γυναῖκές τε καὶ παρθένοι τὸ πάθος ἀποδυρόμεναι, αἱ μὲν ἄνθη καὶ στεφάνους βάλλουσαι κατὰ τῆς κλίνης, αἱ δὲ τελαμῶνας ἢ μίτρας, αἱ δὲ ἀθύρματα κόμης [p. 179] παρθενικά, καί που τινὲς καὶ πλοκάμων ἀποκειράμεναι βοστρύχους.
[6] In fact the matrons and maidens ran out of their houses lamenting her fate, some throwing flowers and garlands upon the bier, some their girdles or fillets, others their childhood toys, and others perhaps even locks of their hair that they had cut off;
[7] ἄνδρες τε συχνοὶ λαμβάνοντες ἐκ τῶν πλησίον ἐργαστηρίων τὰ μὲν ὠνῇ, τὰ δὲ χάριτι συνεπεκόσμουν τοῖς προσφόροις δωρήμασι τὴν ἐκκομιδήν, ὥστε περιβόητον ἀνὰ τὴν πόλιν γενέσθαι τὸ κῆδος, καὶ προθυμίαν ἅπαντας καταλαβεῖν τῆς τῶν ὀλιγαρχικῶν καταλύσεως. ἀλλ᾽ οἱ φρονοῦντες τὰ τῆς ὀλιγαρχίας ὅπλα ἔχοντες μέγα παρεῖχον αὐτοῖς δέος, οἵ τε περὶ τὸν Οὐαλέριον οὐκ ἠξίουν αἵματι πολιτικῷ τὸ νεῖκος διαιρεῖν.
[7] and many of the men, either purchasing ornaments in the neighbouring shops or receiving them as a favour, contributed to the funeral pomp by the appropriate gifts. Hence the funeral was much talked about throughout the entire city, and all were seized with an eager desire for the overthrow of the oligarchs. But those who favoured the cause of the oligarchy, being armed, kept them in great fear, and Valerius and his followers did not care to decide the quarrel by shedding the blood of their fellow citizens.
[1] τὰ μὲν δὴ κατὰ πόλιν ἐν τοιαύταις ἦν ταραχαῖς. Οὐεργίνιος δ᾽, ὃν ἔφην αὐτόχειρα γενέσθαι τῆς ἑαυτοῦ θυγατρός, ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος ἐλαύνων τὸν ἵππον ἀφικνεῖται περὶ λύχνων ἁφὰς ἐπὶ τὸν πρὸς Ἀλγιδῷ χάρακα, τοιοῦτος οἷος ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἐξέδραμεν, αἵματι πεφυρμένος ἅπας καὶ τὴν μαγειρικὴν σφαγίδα διὰ
[40.1] Affairs in the city, then, were in this state of turmoil. In the meantime Verginius, who, as I have related, had slain his daughter with his own hand, rode with loose rein and at lamp-lighting time came to the camp at Algidum, still in the same condition in which he had rushed out of the city, all covered with blood and holding the butcher’s knife in his hand.
[2] χειρὸς ἔχων. ἰδόντες δ᾽ αὐτὸν οἱ πρὸ τοῦ στρατοπέδου τὰς φυλακὰς φυλάττοντες ἐν ἀπόρῳ τ᾽ ἦσαν ὅ τι πέπονθεν εἰκάσαι, καὶ παρηκολούθουν ὡς ἀκουσόμενοι μέγα πρᾶγμα καὶ δεινόν. ὁ δὲ τέως μὲν ἐπορεύετο κλαίων καὶ διασημαίνων τοῖς ὁμόσε χωροῦσιν ἀκολουθεῖν: ἐξέτρεχον δ᾽ ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶν ἃς διεπορεύετο μεταξὺ δειπνοῦντες ἅπαντες ἀθρόοι φανοὺς ἔχοντες καὶ λαμπάδας, ἀγωνίας πλήρεις καὶ θορύβου περιεχόμενοι [p. 180]
[2] When those who were keeping guard before the camp saw him, they could not imagine what had happened to him, and they followed along in the expectation of hearing of some great and dreadful occurrence. Verginius for the time continued on his way, weeping and making signs to those he met to follow him; and from the tents which he passed the soldiers, who were then at supper, all ran out in a body, full of anxious suspense and consternation, carrying torches and lamps; and pouring round him, they accompanied him.
[3] περὶ αὐτὸν ἠκολούθουν. ἐπεὶ δ᾽ εἰς τὸν ἀναπεπταμένον τοῦ στρατοπέδου τόπον ἦλθεν, ἐπὶ μετεώρου τινὸς στάς, ὥσθ᾽ ὑπὸ πάντων ὁρᾶσθαι, διηγεῖτο τὰς καταλαβούσας αὐτὸν συμφοράς, μάρτυρας τῶν λόγων παρεχόμενος τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ παρόντας ἐκ τῆς πόλεως. ὡς δὲ κατέμαθεν ὀλοφυρομένους τε πολλοὺς καὶ δακρύοντας, εἰς ἱκεσίας καὶ δεήσεις αὐτῶν ἐτράπετο, μὴ περιιδεῖν μήτ᾽ αὐτὸν ἀτιμώρητον γενόμενον μήτε τὴν πατρίδα προπηλακιζομένην. λέγοντι δ᾽ αὐτῷ ταῦτα πολὺ τὸ βουλόμενον ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀκούειν καὶ ἐπικελευόμενον λέγειν ἐγίνετο.
[3] But when he came to the open space in the camp, he took his stand upon an elevated spot, so as to be seen by all, and related the calamities that had befallen him, offering as witnesses to the truth of his statements those who had come with him from the city.
When he saw many of them lamenting and shedding tears, he turned to supplications and entreaties, begging them neither to permit him to go unavenged nor to let the fatherland be foully abused. While he was speaking thus, great eagerness was shown by them all to hear him and great encouragement for him to speak on.
[4] τοιγάρτοι καὶ θρασύτερον ἤδη καθήπτετο τῆς ὀλιγαρχίας διεξιών, ὡς πολλῶν μὲν ἀφείλοντο τὰς οὐσίας οἱ δέκα, πολλῶν δὲ πληγαῖς ᾐκίσαντο τὰ σώματα, παμπόλλους δὲ φυγεῖν ἠνάγκασαν ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος οὐδὲν ἀδικήσαντας, γυναικῶν τε ὕβρεις καὶ παρθένων ἐπιγάμων ἁρπαγὰς καὶ παίδων ἐλευθέρων προπηλακισμοὺς καὶ τὰς ἄλλας αὐτῶν παρανομίας τε καὶ ὠμότητας ἐκλογιζόμενος:
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[4] Accordingly, he now assailed the oligarchy with greater boldness, recounting how the decemvirs had deprived many of their fortunes, caused many to be scourged, forced ever so many to flee from the country though guilty of no crime, and enumerating their insults offered to matrons, their seizing of marriageable maidens, their abuse of boys of free condition, and all their other excesses and cruelties.
[5] καὶ ταῦτ᾽, ἔφη, προπηλακίζουσιν ἡμᾶς οἱ μήτε νόμῳ τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἔχοντες μήτε ψηφίσματι βουλῆς ἢ δήμου συγχωρήματι λαβόντες, — ὁ γὰρ ἐνιαύσιος αὐτοῖς τῆς ἀρχῆς χρόνος, ὃν ἐχρῆν αὐτοὺς ἄρξαντας ἑτέροις παραδοῦναι τὰ κοινά, παρελήλυθεν, — ἀλλ᾽ ἐκ τοῦ βιαιοτάτου τῶν τρόπων, πολλὴν δειλίαν καὶ μαλακίαν καταγνόντες ἡμῶν ὥσπερ γυναικῶν.
[5] “And these abuses,” he said, “we suffer at the hands of men who hold their power neither by law nor by a decree of the senate nor by the consent of the people (for the year’s term of their magistracy, after serving which they should have handed over the administration of affairs to others, has expired), but by the most violent of all means, since they have adjudged us great cowards and weaklings, like women.
[6] εἰσελθέτω δὴ λογισμὸς ἕκαστον ὑμῶν ὧν τ᾽ αὐτὸς πέπονθε καὶ ὧν οἶδεν ἑτέρους παθόντας: καὶ εἴ τις ὑμῶν δελεαζόμενος ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν ἡδοναῖς τισιν ἢ χάρισιν οὐ πεφόβηται τὴν ὀλιγαρχίαν οὐδὲ δέδοικε, [p. 181] μὴ καὶ ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἔλθοι ποτὲ σὺν χρόνῳ τὰ δεινά, μαθὼν ὅτι τυράννοις οὐδέν ἐστι πιστόν, οὐδ᾽ ἀπ᾽ εὐνοίας αἱ τῶν κρατούντων δίδονταί τισι χάριτες, καὶ
[6] Let every one of you consider both what he has suffered himself and what he knows others to have suffered; and if any one of you, lured by them with pleasures or gratifications, does not stand in dread of the oligarchy or fear that the calamities will eventually come upon him too some day, let him learn that tyrants know no loyalty, that it is not out of goodwill that the favours of the powerful are bestowed, and all the other truths of like purport; then let him change his opinion.
[7] πάντα τὰ ὅμοια τούτοις, μεταγνώτω: καὶ μιᾷ διανοίᾳ χρησάμενοι πάντες ἐλευθεροῦτε ἀπὸ τῶν τυράννων τὴν πατρίδα, ἐν ᾗ θεῶν τε ὑμῖν ἱερὰ ἵδρυται καὶ θῆκαι προγόνων εἰσίν, οὓς ὑμεῖς τιμᾶτε μετὰ θεούς, καὶ γηραιοὶ πατέρες τροφεῖα πολλὰ καὶ ἄξια τῶν πόνων ἀπαιτοῦντες, γυναῖκές τε κατὰ νόμους ἐγγυηθεῖσαι καὶ: θυγατέρες ἐπίγαμοι φροντίδος οὐ μικρᾶς δεόμεναι τοῖς ἔχουσι καὶ γοναὶ παίδων ἀρρένων, οἷς ὀφείλεται τὰ
[7] And becoming of one mind, all of you, free from these tyrants your country, in which stand both the temples of your gods and the sepulchres of your ancestors, whom you honour next to the gods, in which also are your aged fathers, who demand of you many acknowledgements such as the pains they have bestowed upon your rearing deserve, and also your lawfully betrothed wives, your marriageable daughters, who require much solicitous care on the part of their parents, and your sons, to whom are owed the rights deriving from Nature and from your forefathers.
[8] δίκαια φύσεως προγόνων. οἰκίας γὰρ δὴ καὶ κλήρους καὶ χρήματα σὺν πολλοῖς κτηθέντα πόνοις ὑπὸ πατέρων καὶ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν σιωπῶ: ὧν οὐδὲν ὑμῖν ἔξεστι βεβαίως ἔχειν, ἕως ἂν ὑπὸ τῶν δέκα τυραννῆσθε.
[8] I say nothing indeed of your houses, your estates and your goods, which have been acquired with great pains both by your fathers and by yourselves, none of which things you can possess in security so long as you live under the tyranny of the decemvirs.
[1] οὔτε σωφρόνων οὔτε γενναίων ἐστὶν ἀνθρώπων τὰ μὲν ἀλλότρια κτᾶσθαι δι᾽ ἀνδραγαθίαν, τὰ δ᾽ οἰκεῖα περιορᾶν ἀπολλύμενα διὰ μαλακίαν οὐδὲ πρὸς μὲν Αἰκανοὺς καὶ Οὐολούσκους καὶ Σαβίνους καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους περιοίκους ἅπαντας πολεμεῖν μακροὺς καὶ ἀδιαλείπτους πολέμους ὑπὲρ ἀρχῆς καὶ δυναστείας, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς παρὰ νόμον ἄρχοντας ὑμῶν μὴ θέλειν ἄρασθαι τὰ ὅπλα ὑπὲρ ἀσφαλείας τε καὶ ἐλευθερίας. [p. 182]
[41.1] “It is the part neither of prudent nor of brave men to acquire the possessions of others by valour and then to allow their own to be lost through cowardice, nor, again, to wage long and incessant wars against the Aequians, the Volscians, the Sabines, and all the rest of your neighbours for the sake of sovereignty and dominion and then to be unwilling to take up arms against your unlawful rulers for the sake of both your security and your liberty.
[2] οὐκ ἀναλήψεσθε τὸ φρόνημα τῆς πατρίδος; οὐ παραστήσεται λογισμὸς ὑμῖν τῆς ἀρετῆς τῶν γονέων ἄξιος, οἳ διὰ μιᾶς γυναικὸς ὕβριν ὑφ᾽ ἑνὸς τῶν Ταρκυνίου παίδων ὑβρισθείσης καὶ διὰ τὴν συμφορὰν ταύτην ἑαυτὴν διαχρησαμένης, οὕτως ἠγανάκτησαν ἐπὶ τῷ πάθει καὶ παρωξύνθησαν καὶ κοινὴν ἀπάντων ἡγήσαντο τὴν ὕβριν, ὥστ᾽ οὐ μόνον Ταρκύνιον ἐξέβαλον ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ βασιλικὸν πολίτευμα κατέλυσαν, καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἀπεῖπον μηδένα Ῥωμαίων ἄρχειν διὰ βίου τὴν ἀνυπεύθυνον ἀρχήν, αὐτοί τε τοὺς μεγίστους ὀμόσαντες ὅρκους, καὶ κατὰ τῶν ἐγγόνων ἀράς,
[2] Will you not recover the proud spirit of your country? Will you not come to a decision worthy of the virtue of your ancestors who, because one woman was outraged by one of Tarquin’s sons and because of this calamity put herself to death, became so indignant at her fate and so exasperated, looking upon the outrage as one done to them all alike, that they not only banished Tarquin from the state, but even abolished the monarchy itself and forbade that anyone should thereafter rule over Romans for life with irresponsible power, not only binding themselves by the most solemn oaths, but also invoking curses upon their descendants if in any respect they should act to the contrary?
[3] ἐάν τι παρὰ ταῦτα ποιῶσι, καταρασάμενοι; ἔπειτ᾽ ἐκεῖνοι μὲν ἑνὸς οὐκ ἤνεγκαν ἀκολάστου μειρακίου τυραννικὴν ὕβριν εἰς ἓν σῶμα ἐλεύθερον γενομένην, ὑμεῖς δὲ πολυκέφαλον τυραννίδα πάσῃ παρανομίᾳ τε καὶ ἀσελγείᾳ χρωμένην καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον χρησομένην,
[3] Then, when they refused to bear the tyrannical outrage committed by one licentious youth upon one person of free condition, will you tolerate a many-headed tyranny that indulges in every sort of crime and licentiousness and will indulge still more if you now submit to it?
[4] ἐὰν νῦν ἀνάσχησθε, ὑπομενεῖτε; οὐκ ἐμοὶ μόνῳ θυγάτηρ ἐγένετο διαφέρουσα τὴν ὄψιν ἑτέρων, ἣν ἀπὸ τοῦ φανεροῦ βιάζεσθαι καὶ προπηλακίζειν Ἄππιος
ἐπεβάλετο, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑμῶν εἰσι πολλαὶ τοῖς μὲν θυγατέρες, τοῖς δὲ γαμεταί, τοῖς δὲ νεανίαι παῖδες εὐπρεπεῖς, οὓς τί κωλύσει πρὸς ἄλλου τινὸς τῶν δέκα τυράννων ἢ πρὸς αὐτοῦ τοῦ Ἀππίου ταὐτὰ παθεῖν; εἰ μή τις ἄρα θεῶν ἐστιν ἐγγυητής, ὡς, ἐὰν τὰς ἐμὰς ταύτας συμφορὰς ἀτιμωρήτους ἐάσητε, οὐκ ἐφ᾽ ὑμῶν πολλοὺς τὰ ὅμοια δεινὰ ἥξει, ἀλλὰ μέχρι τῆς ἐμῆς [p. 183] θυγατρὸς ὁ τυραννικὸς ἔρως προελθὼν στήσεται, καὶ περὶ τὰ λοιπὰ σώματα παίδων τε καὶ παρθένων σωφρονήσει. πολλῆς μέντοι μωρίας καὶ σκαιότητος, σαφῶς ἴστε, τὰ νοούμενα ταῦθ᾽ ὡς οὐκ ἔσται λέγειν.
[4] I am not the only man who had a daughter superior in beauty to others whom Appius had openly attempted to violate and besmirch, but many of you also have daughters or wives or comely young sons; and what shall hinder these from being treated in the same manner by another of the ten tyrants or by Appius himself? Unless, indeed, there is some one of the gods who will guarantee that if you permit these calamities of mine to go unavenged the same misfortunes will not come upon many of you, but having pursued its way only as far as my daughter, this lust of tyrants will stop and toward the persons of others, both youths and maidens, will grow chaste!
[5] ἀόριστοι γὰρ αἱ τῶν τυράννων ἐπιθυμίαι κατὰ τὸ εἰκός, οἷα δὴ μήτε νόμον ἔχουσαι κωλυτὴν μήτε φόβον. ἐμοί τε δὴ πράττοντες τιμωρίαν δικαίαν καὶ ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς ἀσφάλειαν, ἵνα μὴ ταὐτὰ πάθητε, παρασκευαζόμενοι διαρρήξατε ἤδη ποτὲ τοὺς χαλινούς, ὦ σχέτλιοι:
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 695
