Cocaina: A Book on Those Who Make It
Page 29
The story of Jairo Villegas was published in the article ‘Así Operan Las Alas De La Mafia’ (El Tiempo, 14 February 2010), and the quotes I have used from national police chief Óscar Naranjo were published by several news-media outlets during the dissolution of the so-called Pilot Cartel in early 2010. The data on the reduction of Colombian cocaine production comes from the UNODC World Drug Report 2009. The quote from Carl Bildt was published on his blog http://bildt.blogspot.se/ on 28 May 2006.
César Gaviria’s statement on the hopelessness of the war on drugs if the issue of demand continues to be ignored is from Marshall and Scott’s Cocaine Politics. A detailed account of Colombia’s tragic history with regard to how the decentralisation of politics in the 1990s also paved the way for the paramilitary takeover of large parts of the countryside may be found in Mauricio Romero’s Paramilitares y Autodefensas. The elimination of the left-wing party Unión Patriótica, touched upon in my interview with María Jimena Duzán, has been analysed in a number of books, but nowhere with the same chilling accuracy as in Steven Dudley’s Walking Ghosts — the best book written about the state’s sordid war against dissidents and the FARC’s cynical games with people’s lives. Information on the 40,000 people (38,000, to be exact) killed by paramilitary groups comes from the regional public prosecutor’s office and covers only the period between 1987 and 2003. This figure is constantly changing both because paramilitary leaders are always making new confessions and because new mass graves are being discovered regularly. According to some sources, the number has already surpassed 50,000 and may even be significantly more.
Mario Vargas Llosa’s essay ‘El Otro Estado’ was published in several newspapers, including the Spanish El Pais (10 January 2010). The commission assigned to draw up a new anti-drug policy for the United States is called the Western Hemisphere Drug Policy Commission. The mandate for its work has been published under the heading of ‘Text of H. R. 2134: Western Hemisphere Drug Policy Commission Act of 2009’ and is available on the United States Congress website: www.govtrack.us. References to the ‘global framework’ and ‘UN conventions’ in the text refer to The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961), The Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971), and The United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988), all ratified by the vast majority of the world’s nations. The common aim of the conventions is to promote and enforce the notion that there should be no use of the listed drugs — including cannabis, cocaine, and coca leaves — other than for strictly medical or scientific purposes.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I WOULD LIKE to extend special thanks to all the interviewees who generously gave of their time — some at great risk — and also to the following individuals, without whose assistance, encouragement, and criticism this book would not have been possible: Alfonso Jaramillo, Anna Hellgren, Anna-Karin Johansson, Anna-Maria Sörberg, Barbro Vidmer, Boris Heger, Caroline Atkins, Conor Carrigan, Daniel Campo, Diana Gamboa, Edda Manga, Guillermo Gonzalez, Hanna Hård, Iván Álvarez, Jacob Røthing, Luís Fernando Bohórquez, Manuel Nieto, Mattias Gardell, Per Cerne, Per Lindblom, Richard Herold, Romeo Langlois, Ron Schifflers, Stefan Sunnerdahl, Steven Ambrus, Tiziana Laudato, and Yamile Salinas Abdala. For this English edition, I would very much like to extend my thanks to Henry Rosenbloom at Scribe; my translator, John Eason; and Rita G. Karlsson, my agent at Kontext Agency. I would especially like to thank Julia Carlomagno, my editor at Scribe. A special thanks is also in order to my beloved Elina Grandin for her constant and insightful criticism. And finally, thanks to Sid, our son, who came into the world in the midst of final production and whose life gives us so many moments of joy.