Renoir's Dancer
Page 41
20. Perruchot, p. 121.
21. On Bourges, see Gauzi, p. 28.
22. This episode and its dialogue was recounted by Gauzi, pp. 64–5.
23. See the discussion of Young Woman with a Swan, Christie’s, Lot notes, sale 2888, Lot 19, 5 November 2014 http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/paintings/pierre-auguste-renoir-la-jeune-fille-au-5840862-details.aspx [accessed 4 July 2016].
24. Christie’s, Lot notes, sale 2888, Lot 19, 5 November 2014 http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/paintings/pierre-auguste-renoir-la-jeune-fille-au-5840862-details.aspx [accessed 4 July 2016].
25. Gustave Coquiot, Renoir (Paris: Albin Michel, 1925), p. 98.
26. Renoir cited in Renoir in the 20th Century, exhib. cat. (Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2009), p. 67.
27. One of the best accounts of Maurice’s childhood is found in Jean Fabris, Utrillo, sa vie, son oeuvre (Paris: Éditions Frédéric Birr, 1982)
28. Georges-Emmanuel Clancier, La Vie quotidienne en Limousin au XIXe siècle (Paris: Hachette, 1976), pp. 69–71.
29. Clancier, p. 38. Susan Cope, and others, eds, Larousse Gastronomique (London: Mandarin, 1990), pp. 163, 245.
30. Rose, p. 87.
31. Maurice recalled this in Maurice Utrillo, Histoire de ma jeunesse jusqu’à ce jour, published in Valadon Utrillo: Au tournant du siècle à Montmartre – de l’Impressionisme à l’École de Paris, exhib. cat. (Paris: Pinacothèque de Paris, 2009), pp. 65–131.
32. Perruchot, pp. 131–2.
33. Georges Jeanniot, ‘Souvenirs sur Degas’, La Revue Universelle, 15 October and 1 November 1933, cited in Henri Loyrette, Degas: Passion and Intellect, trans. by Mark Paris (London: Thames and Hudson, 1993), p. 168.
34. Loyrette, p. 168.
35. For a biographical synopsis of Degas, see: Henri Loyrette, Degas: Passion and Intellect, trans. by Mark Paris (London: Thames and Hudson, 1993). Post-Impressionism: Cross Currents in European Painting, exhib. cat. (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1979), pp. 63–5.
36. Jeanniot cited in Loyrette, p. 168.
37. ‘Quelques conversations de Degas notées par Daniel Halévy en 1891–1893’ in Degas – Lettres, ed. by Marcel Guerin (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), p. 285.
38. Ambroise Vollard, Degas, 1924, cited in Loyrette, p. 158.
39. Perruchot, pp. 131–2.
40. On the Dihau family, see Degas – Lettres, ed. by Marcel Guerin (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), pp. 15–17.
41. Cited in Perruchot, p. 132.
42. The Correspondence of Berthe Morisot, ed. by Kathleen Adler and Tamar Garb (London: Camden Press Ltd, 1986), pp. 170–1.
43. Perruchot, pp. 130–1.
44. On Gauguin, see Post-Impressionism: Cross Currents in European Painting, exhib. cat. (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1979), pp. 71–9.
45. On Miguel’s return to Paris, see Catherine Banlin Lacroix, ‘Miguel Utrillo i Morlius’, in Jean Fabris, Utrillo, sa vie, son oeuvre (Paris: Éditions Frédéric Birr, 1982), pp. 13–16.
46. Miguel’s perception of Maria can be gauged from his drawing of her. Miguel Utrillo y Morlius, Portrait of Suzanne Valadon, 1891–2.
47. Santiago Rusiñol painted Miguel a little after this time. Santiago Rusiñol i Prats, Portrait of Miguel Utrillo, 1890–1891.
48. Perruchot, pp. 133–5.
49. Adolphe Tabarant, ‘Suzanne Valadon et ses souvenirs de modèle’, Bulletin de La Vie Artistique, Paris, December 1921, p. 629.
50. Post-Impressionism: Cross Currents in European Painting, exhib. cat. (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1979), p. 251.
51. On Paul-Albert Bartholomé, see: The Biography. US http://thebiography.us/en/bartholome-paul-albert [accessed 22 July 2016]. Encyclopaedia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/biography/Albert-Bartholome [accessed 22 July 2016].
52. Gloria Groom and others, L’Impressionisme et la mode, exhib. cat. Musée d’Orsay (Paris: Skira/Flammarion, 2013), p. 111.
53. Degas – Lettres, ed. by Marcel Guerin (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), pp. 130–1.
54. Tabarant, p. 629.
55. Formerly the Rue de Laval. It became the Rue Victor-Massé in 1887.
56. André Utter, MNAM.
57. André Utter, MNAM.
58. Tabarant, p. 629.
59. Howard Daniel and John Berger, Encyclopaedia of Themes and Subjects in Painting (London: Thames and Hudson, 1971), p. 217.
60. Gauzi, p. 72.
CHAPTER 8
1. Michel Chadeuil, Expressions et dictons Périgord Limousin (Chamalières: Christine Bonneton, 2015), p. 170.
2. This incident was recounted by Gauzi. See François Gauzi, My Friend Toulouse-Lautrec, trans. by Paul Dinnage (London: Neville Spearman, 1957), pp. 72–3.
3. Adolphe Tabarant, ‘Suzanne Valadon et ses souvenirs de modèle’, Bulletin de La Vie Artistique, Paris, December 1921, p. 629.
4. Henri Loyrette, Degas: Passion and Intellect, trans. by Mark Paris (London: Thames and Hudson, 1993), p. 98.
5. Loyrette, pp. 66, 98.
6. Degas – Lettres, ed. by Marcel Guerin (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), Degas to M. Brebion, 13 April 1890, pp. 154–5.
7. On the layout of the apartment, see Paul Valéry, ‘Degas Dance Drawing’, 1936, cited in Loyrette, pp. 155–7.
8. See Paul Valéry, ‘Degas Dance Drawing’, 1936, cited in Loyrette, p. 156.
9. Tabarant, p. 629.
10. On Rouart, see Post-Impressionism: Cross Currents in European Painting, exhib. cat. (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1979), p. 64.
11. Paul Valéry, ‘Degas Dance Drawing’, 1936, cited in Loyrette, p. 155.
12. On Degas’s use of media, see Loyrette, pp. 76–7.
13. On the evolution of Degas’s style, see Post-Impressionism: Cross Currents in European Painting, exhib. cat. (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1979), pp. 63–5.
14. Suzanne Valadon talking to Mme Camax-Zoegger, recounted in ‘Pour les futurs biographes de Suzanne Valadon et d’Utrillo’, Cahiers de France, October 1938, pp. 86–7.
15. Camille Pissarro, cited in Loyrette, p. 109.
16. Suzanne Valadon, ‘Suzanne Valadon ou l’absolu’, n.d., MNAM.
17. Loyrette, pp. 106–8.
18. ‘Suzanne Valadon – Pensée sur l’art’, cited in Robert Rey, Suzanne Valadon (Paris: Gallimard, 1922), p. 16.
19. Loyrette, p. 100.
20. Degas to Bartholomé, cited in Loyrette, p. 95.
21. M.G. Dortu and Ph. Huisman, ‘Introduction’, in Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Maurice Joyant, The Art of Cuisine, trans. by Margery Weiner (New York, Chicago and San Francisco: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966), pp. 11–12.
22. Henri Perruchot, Toulouse-Lautrec, trans. by Humphrey Hare (London: Constable and Company Ltd, 1958), p. 167.
23. J.P. Crespelle, Le Monde de Degas (Paris, 1974), cited in June Rose, Mistress of Montmartre: A Life of Suzanne Valadon (London: Richard Cohen Books, 1998), p. 85.
24. Suzanne Valadon, cited in Suzanne Valadon – 1865–1938, exhib. cat. (Martigny, Switzerland: Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 1996), p. 137.
25. John Storm, The Valadon Drama: The Life of Suzanne Valadon (New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1959), pp. 93–4.
26. Robert Coughlan, The Wine of Genius: A Life of Maurice Utrillo (London: Gollancz, 1952), p. 45.
27. Claude Wiart, ‘Utrillo Le Simple’ in Jean Fabris, Utrillo, sa vie, son oeuvre (Paris: Éditions Frédéric Birr, 1982), pp. 121–46 (p. 126).
28. Storm, p. 102. Jeanine Warnod, Suzanne Valadon, trans. by Shirley Jennings (Naefels, Switzerland: Bonfini Press, 1981), p. 57.
29. Storm, p. 102.
30. Bartholomé to Suzanne Valadon, May 1891, MNAM.
31. Suzay Leudet, ‘Suzanne Valadon chez les pompiers’, Beaux-Arts, Paris, May 1938.
32. Fabris, p. 8.
33. Cited in Catherine Banlin Lacroix, ‘Miguel Utrillo i Morlius’, in Jean Fabris, Utrillo, sa vie, son oeuvre (Paris: Éditions Frédéric Birr, 1982), p. 14.
34. Ian Mill
man, Georges de Faure: maître du sybolisme et de l’art nouveau (Paris: ACR, 1992), p. 34.
35. This anecdote is recounted by Francis Jourdain, Utrillo (Paris: Braun et Cie, 1948), p. 3.
36. R.G., ‘Autres et derniers salons’, Mercure de France, June 1892, pp. 166–9 (p. 169).
37. Béatrice Cahors, ‘Le vieux Montmartre et le théâtre d’ombres du Chat Noir: Napoléon et la Butte’, Le Vieux Montmartre, 85 (January 2016), 16–23.
38. ‘La Marche à l’Étoile, by the Chat Noir (Black Cat) shadow theatre’, Gadagne Musées http://www.gadagne.musees.lyon.fr/index…/zoom_marche_etoile.pdf [accessed 18 August 2016]
39. Gil Blas, 14 February 1892, p. 4.
40. Simon Shaw-Miller, ‘The Only Musician with Eyes – Erik Satie and Visual Art’, in Erik Satie: Music, Art and Literature, ed. by Caroline Potter (Oxon: Routledge, 2016), pp. 85–114 (p. 87).
41. For a good biography of Satie, see Mary E. Davis, Erik Satie (London: Reaktion Books Ltd, 2007).
42. Cited in Robert Orledge, Satie Remembered (London: Faber and Faber, 1995), pp. 10–13.
43. On Uspud, see Potter, p. 257.
44. Cited in Davis, p. 56.
45. Storm, p. 104.
46. Davis, p. 56.
47. Davis, p. 56.
48. An evocative impression of Satie’s apartment is given in Santiago Rusiñol’s Erik Satie in his Apartment in Montmartre (1891).
49. Storm, p. 104.
50. Storm, p. 105.
51. Suzanne Valadon, ‘Suzanne Valadon ou l’absolu’, n.d., MNAM.
52. Suzanne Valadon, exhib. cat. (Paris: Musée National d’Art Moderne, 1967), catalogue entry 3. Warnod, p. 48.
53. Erik Satie, letter to Suzanne Valadon, MNAM.
54. Potter, p. 258.
55. Banlin-Lacroix, p. 14.
56. Cited in Banlin-Lacroix, p. 14.
57. Erik Satie to Conrad Satie, cited in Ornella Volta, Satie Seen Through his Letters, trans. by Michael Bullock (London: Marion Boyars, 1989), p. 44.
58. Davis, p. 58.
59. Volta, p. 46.
60. Davis, pp. 40–55.
61. Parcener – someone who takes a share of something.
62. Le Gaulois, 17 December 1893, p. 4.
63. Cited in Davis, p. 51. Ravel and Satie met in around 1893. They had a complicated relationship. See Robert Orledge, Satie the Composer (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 250.
64. Potter, p. 257.
65. Mousis still gave this as his address when he got married in 1896.
66. Document supplied by M. Georges Bonne, nephew of the landlady. Collection Robert Le Masle, MNAM.
67. The MNAM archives show that Suzanne told André Utter that she lived at the former address at this time. Degas wrote to her in July 1894 at 11, Rue Girardon.
68. Two of these fascinating letters were only found in 1996. They were held in the Collection Madame Jeannette Anderfuhren at the Pétridès Gallery, Paris until the latter closed.
CHAPTER 9
1. Michel Chadeuil, Expressions et dictons Périgord Limousin (Chamalières: Christine Bonneton, 2015), p. 120.
2. André Utter archive, MNAM.
3. On the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts and its history, see: http://www.salondesbeauxarts.com/snba/histoire-de-la-snba/ [accessed 4 September 2016]. Post-Impressionism: Cross Currents in European Painting, exhib. cat. (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1979), p. 284. Mary Alice Heekin Burke, Elizabeth Nourse, 1859–1938 – A Salon Career (Washington, D. C.: National Museum of American Art and the Cincinnati Art Museum, 1983), pp. 96–7. I am indebted to Michel King and Isabelle Lawson at the SNBA for their advice and thoughts on the historical significance of the SNBA.
4. On Paul Helleu, see: Les Amis de Paul-César Helleu http://www.helleu.org.biographie.htm [accessed 9 September 2016].
5. Bartholomé to Paul Helleu, cited in Suzanne Valadon – 1865–1938, exhib. cat. (Martigny, Switzerland: Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 1996), p. 166.
6. Heekin Burke, pp. 96–8.
7. See Catalogue illustré des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, dessins, gravure et objets d’art et architecture exposés au Champ-de-Mars, 25 April 1894 (Reissued by New York & London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1981). Suzanne’s drawings were exhibited as nos 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673 and 1674.
8. Gustave Geoffroy, La Justice, 19 April 1881.
9. One of the best studies of the changing role of the child in Western society remains Philippe Ariès, Centuries of Childhood (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1986). See also: Louis Hautecoeur, Les Peintres de la vie familiale (Paris: Galerie Charpentier, 1945).
10. See Gerhard Gruitrooy, Mary Cassat – An American Impressionist (New York: Todtri, 1996), p. 65.
11. Thérèse Diamand Rosinsky provides an insightful discussion of these. See Thérèse Diamand Rosinsky, Suzanne Valadon (New York: Universe Publishing, 1994), pp. 25–44.
12. Catalogue illustré des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, dessins, gravure et objets d’art et architecture exposés au Champ-de-Mars, 25 April 1894 (Reissued by New York & London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1981), numbers 1670–1674.
13. Anecdote recounted to André Utter. André Utter archives, MNAM. The Salon catalogue for 1894 shows two works by Jules Valadon listed.
14. Degas – Lettres, ed. by Marcel Guerin (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), p. 210.
15. Degas – Lettres, ed. by Marcel Guerin (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), p. 211.
16. André Utter archives, MNAM.
17. Colin Jones, Cambridge Illustrated History of France (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 233. J.P. Bury, France 1814–1940 (London: Methuen & Co., 1969), pp. 185–6.
18. Alistair Horne, Seven Ages of Paris (London: Pan Macmillan, 2003), p. 323. Bury, p. 188.
19. Graham King, Garden of Zola: Émile Zola and his Novels for English Readers (London: Barrie and Jenkins Ltd., 1978), pp. 331–2.
20. Degas – Lettres, ed. by Marcel Guerin (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), p. 215.
21. Degas – Lettres, ed. by Marcel Guerin (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), p. 216.
22. Degas mentioned this in an undated letter written about this time. See Ronald Pickvance, ‘Terrible Maria: Degas and Suzanne Valadon’ in Suzanne Valadon – 1865–1938, exhib. cat. (Martigny, Switzerland: Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 1996), pp. 23–8 (p. 28).
23. On soft ground etching, see Encyclopedia of Printmaking Art http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/printmaking/etching.htm [accessed 4 September 2016]
24. Claude Roger Marx, cited in Jeanine Warnod, Suzanne Valadon, trans. by Shirley Jennings (Naefels, Switzerland: Bonfini Press, 1981), p. 55.
25. I am indebted to the ladies at l’Association Racines à Bessines for communicating the details of Marie-Alix’s death certificate.
26. État des communes à la fin du XIXe siècle – Pierrefitte (Montévrain, 1896).
27. Maurice Utrillo, Histoire de ma jeunesse jusqu’à ce jour, published in Valadon Utrillo: Au tournant du siècle à Montmartre – de l’Impressionisme à l’École de Paris, exhib. cat. (Paris: Pinacothèque de Paris, 2009), pp. 65–131 (p. 74).
28. Maurice Utrillo, Histoire de ma jeunesse jusqu’à ce jour, published in Valadon Utrillo: Au tournant du siècle à Montmartre – de l’Impressionisme à l’École de Paris, exhib. cat. (Paris: Pinacothèque de Paris, 2009), pp. 65–131 (p. 75).
29. Letter from Marie Coca to Robert Le Masle, MNAM.
30. Cited in Catherine Banlin Lacroix, ‘Miguel Utrillo i Morlius’, in Jean Fabris, Utrillo, sa vie, son oeuvre (Paris: Éditions Frédéric Birr, 1982), p. 15.
31. Maurice Utrillo, Histoire de ma jeunesse jusqu’à ce jour, published in Valadon Utrillo: Au tournant du siècle à Montmartre – de l’Impressionisme à l’École de Paris, exhib. cat. (Paris: Pinacothèque de Paris, 2009), pp. 65–131 (pp. 77–80).
32. Suzanne and Paul Mousis’s marriage certificate is reproduced in Suzanne Valadon – 1865–1938, exhib. cat. (Martigny, Switzerland: Fondation Pierre Gianadda,
1996), p. 250.
33. Anne Higonnet, Berthe Morisot (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995), p. 221.
34. Gustave Coquiot, Renoir (Paris: Albin Michel, 1925), pp. 61–74.
35. Adolphe Tabarant, Utrillo (Paris: Berheim-Jeune, 1926) cited in Rose, p. 116.
36. Suzanne Valadon, ‘La Nature’, MNAM.
37. John Storm, The Valadon Drama: The Life of Suzanne Valadon (New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1959), p. 124.
38. Fabris, p. 28. In the 1901 census, Paul Mousis was working for A. Founeude et Cie. I am grateful to Maeva Ballon at the Service des archives et de la documentation de Pierrefitte-sur-Seine for this information.
39. Maurice Utrillo, Histoire de ma jeunesse jusqu’à ce jour, published in Valadon Utrillo: Au tournant du siècle à Montmartre – de l’Impressionisme à l’École de Paris, exhib. cat. (Paris: Pinacothèque de Paris, 2009), pp. 65–131 (p. 81).
40. André Utter Archives, MNAM.
41. Degas to Suzanne, cited in Robert Rey, Suzanne Valadon (Paris: Gallimard, 1922), p. 9.
42. Degas – Lettres, ed. by Marcel Guerin (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), 8 January, pp. 216–17.
43. Degas – Lettres, ed. by Marcel Guerin (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), Sunday postmark, 1897, p. 228.
44. Degas – Lettres, ed. by Marcel Guerin (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), postmark January 1898, p. 229.
45. Fabris, p. 25. I am grateful to Maeva Ballon at the Service des archives et de la documentation de Pierrefitte-sur-Seine for this information.
46. R.A.M.S., ‘The International Society of Sculptors, Painters, and Gravers’, The Pall Mall Gazette, Monday 16 May 1898, p. 1.
47. Joanna Meacock, ‘Introductory Essay: The Exhibition Society’ http://www.exhibitionculture.arts.gla.ac.uk/essays.php?eid=02 [accessed 22 September 2016].
48. Catalogue of the Exhibition of International Art, Knightsbridge (London, 1898), p. 51. Suzanne was listed as no. 63 in the catalogue.
49. Fabris, p. 25.
50. Fabris, pp. 25–6.
51. Fabris, p. 26.
52. Maurice Utrillo, Histoire de ma jeunesse jusqu’à ce jour, published in Valadon Utrillo: Au tournant du siècle à Montmartre – de l’Impressionisme à l’École de Paris, exhib. cat. (Paris: Pinacothèque de Paris, 2009), pp. 65–131 (p. 82).