Teleri (the Sea-Elves) 324, 405–9, 428, 434; see Sindar.
Tengwar (Elven script) 65, 105, 107, 144, 602, 676, 879–80
Teutonic Mythology (Stallybrass): see Grimm, Jacob.
Text Notes xxviii & passim.
Thangorodrim (Morgoth’s fortress) 20, 53, 488, 560, 716
‘There and Back Again’ xxxi, 61, 152, 374, 375, 394, 692, 700, 723
Theseus (mythological hero) xi, 302, 335–6, 343–4, 521
Thidreks Saga 501
Thingol Greycloak (elvenking, father of Lúthien) 53–5, 59, 85, 137, 324–5, 406, 409–18, 421, 429–33, 486, 561, 566, 597–99, 608, 616–17, 653, 710–11. See also Tinwelint.
—replaced earlier Tinwelint 53, 85, 137, 325, 414, 431–2, 486, 597–99, 653 & passim.
‘This Desk’ xxxvii
Thomas, Paul xxxv, xxxvi, 64, 226
Thomas Rymer 59, 402, 421
*Thorin Oakenshield (dwarvenking, leader of Thorin & Company). Passim. Later name (Chapters X–XIX) for Gandalf the Dwarf. See also Gandalf the Dwarf.
—death of 533, 679–80, 703, 707, 712, 721–2, 723
—origin of name 674, 867–80
—replaced ‘Gandalf’ as chief dwarf’s name 11, 296, 444, & passim; see Gandalf the Dwarf.
—son of Thrain son of Thror 455–9, 464–7, & passim.
—succumbed to dragon-sickness 588, 590, 596, 600, 627, 635, 646, 648–9, 655–8, 664, 667–8, 673, 702; cf. also 781.
—survived Siege of the Mountain xi, 501–2, 570, 572
Thrain father of Thorin (dwarvenking) 84, 338–9 & passim.
—death in Necromancer’s dungeons 20, 73, 83, 105, 253, 326, 338–9, 477, 614, 709, 719, 780; contrast 629 (imprisoned in Moria)
—first appearance in text (replaces unnamed Gandalf’s father) 436, 444
—origin of name 455, 867, 869–70
—reverse genealogy (‘map tradition’): Thrain father of Thror father of Thorin 456–9, 466–7, 478, 488, 494, 516, 615
Three Kindreds of the Elves (Light-Elves, Deep-Elves & Sea-Elves) 315, 324, 405–8, 428–9. See also Noldor, Sindar, Vanyar.
Thror father of Thrain (dwarvenking) passim; see Gandalf’s Grandfather, Fimbulfambi.
—death in Moria 73, 80, 338, 705, 709, 712, 779–80
—first appearance in text (replaces Fimbulfambi, unnamed Gandalf’s grandfather, King under the Mountain) 436, 444
—origin of name 455, 867, 869
—text tradition: Thror father of Thrain father of Thorin (Oakenshield) 436, 438–9, 441, 456–9, 516
Thror’s Map: successor to Fimbulfambi’s Map
—Lost version of 22–23, 118
—Thror’s Map I (derives from Fimbulfambi’s Map) 18–19, 23, 118, 458, 466, 472, 476, 483, 488, 490, 521, 591–2, 594, 602; also known as ‘Thror’s Map: Copied by B. Baggins’.
—Thror’s Map II (= map in published book) 23, 119, 317, 451, 458, 476, 489–90, 562, 592, 594, 752–4, 757, 777, 779–80, 786, 790
The Thrush 22–3, 116, 363, 475–6, 485, 489–90, 494, 513, 525, 549–50, 569, 618–24, 629, 642–3, & passim.
—identified as a song thrush 490, 494
—last mention in the story 490
Thrym Thistlebeard 86, 756–60, 786
Þrymsqviða 615, 758–9; see also Elder Edda.
Thû the Necromancer 20, 50, 82–3, 105, 123, 139, 218, 326, 529, 710–11, 716–17, 719
See also The Necromancer and Sauron.
—as vampire bat 20, 83, 716
Tinúviel: byname for Lúthien.
Tinwelint (elvenking; earlier name for Thingol) 53–5, 63, 78, 85, 137, 169, 325, 411, 414–16, 431–3, 486, 597–99, 609, 612–13, 615–17, 653. See Thingol Greycloak.
—replaced earlier Linwë Tinto 85, 411; replaced in turn by Thingol.
Tir na nOg 419, 434
Toad Hall 45–6, 58–9, 256, 281
Toad of Toad Hall (Milne) 58
Tobacco (bacca, baccy, pipeweed, weed) 30, 43, 89, 153, 163, 693, 770, 783–4, 791
—‘At the Tobacconist’ (audio recording by JRRT) 43
—pipes 30, 35–6, 89, 129, 153, 239, 770, 783, 791
—smoke-rings 30 (Bilbo’s), 35 (Dwalin’s), 36 (Bladorthin’s), 54 (magic), 129, 240, 310, 770, 776
Tol Eressëa (the Lonely Isle) 17, 52, 100, 138, 419, 428–9, 493, 701; also known as The Lonely Isle 17, 52, 266, 419; Luthany 17; the Nameless Isle 266, 419, 701; the Perilous Isle 52.
—as the island of Great Britain 17, 52, 100, 493
Tolkien in Oxford (BBC Television programme) xiv
Tolkien, Adam (grandson of JRRT) 879
Tolkien, Baillie (daughter-in-law of JRRT) xxxiv
Tolkien Children: see Tolkien, Christopher; Tolkien, John; Tolkien, Michael; & Tolkien, Priscilla.
—Books (and themes) Popular with Tolkien’s Children xviii (FCL); 47, 59–60 (Wyke-Smith’s Snergs); 254, 280 (bears); 268, 286 (Lofting’s Dolittle series); 545 (Barfield’s Silver Trumpet); 874, 879
(Ransome’s Swallows and Amazons series).
—family apocrypha xvi, xxxviii, 168
—as original audience for H 57, 102, 254, & passim.
Tolkien, Christopher (youngest son of JRRT) xxxii–xxxiv, xxxv, & passim.
Tolkien, Edith Bratt (wife of JRRT) xxii, xxxvii, 26
Tolkien, Fr. John (eldest son of JRRT) xvi, xvii, xix, xxxviii, 57, 102, 168, 254, 492, 634, 879
—recalls Winter Reads xiv
—recounts origins of H xvi, xxxviii
Tolkien, J. R. R. passim.
Tolkien, Mabel Suffield (mother of JRRT) 525, 539–40
Tolkien, Michael (middle son of JRRT) xv–xvii, xix, xxii, xxvi, xxxviii, xli, 57, 102, 125, 146, 151, 168, 212, 216, 254, 280, 355, 461, 634, 726, 879
—recounts origins of The Hobbit xv–xvii, xix, xxii, xxxviii
—creates Second Typescript xxvi, xli, 355, 726
Tolkien, Priscilla (daughter of JRRT) xvii, xxxviii, 280
Tolkien’s Legendarium: Essays on The History of Middle-earth 27, 64
Tolkien Society xvi, xxxvi, xxxviii
Tomatoes 34, 43, 784
Tombigbee River (Alabama) 60
Tom Bombadil: see Bombadil.
Took, Belladonna (Bilbo’s mother): see Baggins, Belladonna.
Took, Bullroarer (Bilbo’s great-great-great uncle) xii, 8–9, 15, 39–40, 712, 776
Took, The Old (Bilbo’s grandfather) 8, 29, 31, 39, 61, 201, 585, 769–71, 776
Took, Pippin (Bilbo’s third cousin) 60
Tooks & Tookishness 7, 14, 18, 29, 37, 61, 203, 212, 505, 539, 683, 691, 700, 769–70, 771, 782–3, 857
—rumours of exotic intermarriage 29, 46, 340, 769, 782–3
—Took vs. Baggins 8–9, 14, 29, 38, 39, 46, 366, 505, 585, 683, 771–2, & passim.
Translations from the Elvish (book by Bilbo) 62
‘The Tree’ xxi. Original name for ‘Leaf by Niggle’.
Tree & Leaf xxi, xxxiv, xl, 152, 421; see also ‘On Fairy-Stories’, ‘Leaf by Niggle’.
Treebeard: see Fangorn.
Trolls xvi, 82–104, 109–10, 136, 138, 148–51, 522, 629, 688, 698, 714, 750, 757, 793, 797–802, 805–808, 810–15, 817, 821, 825–35, 844, 848, 856, 859, 864, 875 & passim.
—illustrations of 186, 260, 449, 565–6
—turn-to-stone motif 96, 102–4, 109–10, 148, 799, 807
The Troll-key (Dwarf-key) 97, 104–5, 115, 124, 243–4, 293, 297, 346, 363, 366, 376, 476, 482–3, 584, 629, 780, 787–8
Trotter the hobbit (Peregrin Boffin) 16
Trotter the human: see Aragorn.
Tuatha de Danaan 120, 124, 403, 419, 424, 426–7, 448, 589, 713
Tû the Fay 50, 81–2. See also Túvo the Wizard and Thû the Necromancer.
Tuor (husband of Idril) 59, 122, 230, 325, 529, 557, 686, 864
‘Turambar and the Foalókë’ (BLT II) xxxiii, 26, 62, 76, 137, 149, 373, 408, 421, 432, 485–6, 502–3, 520, 523, 537, 597, 613, 709
Túrin the Haples
s (dragon-slayer) 21, 26, 76, 333, 408, 410, 417–19, 421, 432, 485–6, 500, 520, 523, 529, 537, 558, 560, 596–7, 612, 624, & passim.
Túvo the Wizard (Tolkien’s first wizard) 50, 81. See also Tû the Fay, Thû the Necromancer.
Twain, Mark 148, 837, 849
The Twilight People 81–2: the Elves of Palisor.
The Two Kindreds (Men and Elves) 50, 875, 877
The Two Trees of Valinor 81, 221, 324, 327–9, 431, 604, 607
—The Golden Tree 62, 329
Typescript for Printer xxv–xxvi; see First Typescript
Tyrfing (cursed sword) 42, 706
Ulmo (Vala) 148, 274, 623
Undying Land(s) 271, 429, 701
Unfinished Tales (UT) xxvii, xxxiv, & passim.
Ungoliant (the Spider of Night) 326–33, 337, 392; see also Children of Ungoliant.
Unwin Brothers (original printers of The Hobbit and LotR) xxvi, xli, 745, 748, 750, 751, 754
Unwin, Rayner xxxv, 194, 561, 693, 761
Unwin, Stanley xvii, xx–xxi, xxxiii, xxxix–xl, 60, 85–6, 152, 185, 283, 540, 613–14, 636, 694, 702, 758, 760, 761, 863, 872–3, 876, 879
Úrin: earlier form of the name Húrin, father of Túrin.
Urwendi the Sun-maiden (Maia) 62, 329, 340–1
Uttermost West (Valinor) 17
Úvanimor (monsters) 85, 138, 143–4
Vafthrúthnismál 168–9, 174, 188, 522–3; see also Elder Edda.
The Valar 64, 81, 86, 122, 221, 226–7, 269, 273–4, 328, 422, 429, 433. Also called ‘The Gods’ 173, 226, 420, 528, 541, 565, 604, 608.
See also Aulë, Elbereth, Mandos, Manwë, Ulmo.
Valinor 25–6, 52, 62, 81, 122, 150, 172, 222, 324, 327–30, 406, 409–11, 413–16, 428–29, 431, 433, 567, 604, 720. See also The Other Side, Uttermost West, Undying Lands.
Vampire: see Bats.
Vanyar (first of the Three Kindreds of the Elves) 315, 324, 405–7, 428–30; also known as Light-elves.
Velikovsky, Immanuel 18
Villemarque, Hersart de la (Barsaz Breiz) 425
Vinyar Tengwar (journal) 63
Völsunga Saga 77, 86, 192, 465, 484, 491, 493, 500–3, 517, 521, 526, 531, 593, 600, 611–12, 624, 685
Völundarkviða 528, 615
Völuspá 13, 23–24, 42, 444, 455, 465, 532, 673–4, 706, 757, 866–71. See also Dvergatal, The Elder Edda.
Wade (folklore hero) 528
Wade Center xxxv–xxxvi, xxxvii
Wagner, Richard (Ring Cycle) 77, 86, 192, 503, 685
‘The Waking of Angantyr’ (Old Norse poem) 42. See also Heidreks Saga.
Wargs 51–2, 139, 204–9, 213, 215–19, 223–6, 236, 241, 242, 252, 366, 501, 572, 576, 584, 629, 670–2, 680, 713–16, 718–19, 821
—as Children of Morgoth 218
—origin of name 217, 225, 282
The Water 7, 16, 29–30, 36, 38, 45–6, 110, 531, 539, 614, 769–71, 814, 818
Wayland the Smith 528, 615
Welsh Language 193, 262, 289, 418, 424, 713
Welsh Myth: see The Mabinogion.
West, Richard xxxv, xxxvi, 225, 281, 565
Wheaton College: see Wade Center.
White, T. H. (author) 58, 102, 226
The White Book of Rhydderch 193; see Mabinogion.
Wild Wire Worms of the Chinese (dragons) 9, 40, 43
The Wild Wood 9, 15, 19–21, 40, 487–8. Original name for Mirkwood.
Wilderland (Rhovanion) 21, 248, 289, 453.
—contrasted with Lands Over West 248.
—the Wilderland Map(s) 18–19, 251, 297–8, 317, 334, 355, 420, 442, 451, 489, 562, 653, 675–6, 791, 822–3
Williams, Charles (Inkling) xxxix, 26, 636
The Wind in the Willows: see Grahame, Kenneth.
‘Winter Reads’ xv–xvi, xix, 57, 545, 633–4
Withered Heath 9, 20, 40, 44, 238, 367, 483, 487–9, 786; see also Dor-na-Fauglith.
The Wizard-King 81: Tû.
Wizard’s Isle 82: Thû’s stronghold.
Wizards xvi, 49–50, 81–2, 127, 269–70, 688, 691, 697, 700, 772, 844, 848, 877. See also Artaxerxes, Bladorthin, The Blue Wizards, Father Christmas, Gandalf the Wizard, The Man in the Moon, Radagast, Saruman, Scandalf the Beanpiper, Thû, Túvo, et al.
—as race 49–50, 875, 877; see also Istari.
Wodehouse, P. G. (Bertie Wooster & Jeeves stories) 47, 60
Wolf-riders 76, 140, 142, 204, 670–2; see also Wargs.
Wood-elves: see Elves.
Wraiths: see Nazgûl.
Wrenn, Charles (Inkling) xl, 65, 636, 694, 881–2, 884–5
Wright, Joseph (mentor, philologist) 56, 109, 262–5, 278, 285, 422, 615, 848, 853
Wright, Mary (philologist, wife of prec.) 263, 285, 422
Wyke-Smith, E. A. (author)
—The Marvellous Land of Snergs xl, 47, 59–60, 150
Wynne, Pat (Tolkien linguist) 853
Yates, Jessica xxxv, 636
Yavanna (Vala) 52–3, 148, 273, 274; also known as Bladorwen 52–3, Palúrien 52, & Mother Earth 53.
Younger Edda: see The Prose Edda.
Zimmerman, Morton Grady (scriptwriter) 60, 227
Endnotes
Introduction
1 This version of the Gollum story made it into print in the first edition, not being replaced until the second edition of 1951; contrast Chapter V: Gollum beginning on p. 153 with The Fourth Phase, beginning on page 729.
2 Babbitt [1922], by American author Sinclair Lewis, depicts the world and outlook of a small-town businessman who wishes to escape from the stifling conformity of his world and fails, although the end of the story holds out hope that his son might be more fortunate (one might perhaps draw an analogy between Bungo Baggins, who was strictly respectable and never had any adventures, and his more fortunate son Bilbo). It might be thought that Lewis’s becoming the first American to win a Nobel Prize for literature in 1930 might have drawn Tolkien’s attention at the opportune moment to have helped inspire the word ‘hobbit’, but this is unlikely since the prize was not announced until November 1930 and the evidence suggests that Tolkien had invented the name several months earlier during the summer of that year.
For more on the origin of the word ‘hobbit’, see Appendix I: The Denham Tracts.
3 An additional piece of information regarding the starting date of The Hobbit comes from a note Tolkien wrote to accompany his desk when he donated it to be sold for the benefit of the charity Help the Aged. Entitled ‘This Desk’ and dated July 27th, 1972, the handwritten note states that
This Desk
Was bought for me by my wife in 1927. It was my first desk, and has remained the one that I chiefly used for literary work until her death in 1971.
On it The Hobbit was entirely produced: written, typed, and illustrated.
The Lord of the Rings was written and revised in many places in Oxford and elsewhere; but on this desk were also written, at various times, the manuscript drafts of Books III, IV, V, and VI, until the last words of the Tale were reached in 1949.
I have presented this desk to help the aged in memory of my wife, Edith Mary, in the hope that its sale may help this Charity to house some old people of Britain in peace and comfort.
J. R. R. Tolkien
Merton College,
Oxford
July 27th,
1972.
Therefore, even if we do not accept Tolkien’s statement that the first impulse came after the 1930 move to the new house, the book could not have been started before 1927.
Both the note and the desk are now on display at the Wade Center at Wheaton College.
4 Personal communication, Fr. John Tolkien to John D. Rateliff, 6th February 1997.
5 I am grateful to the late Lester Simons, long-time Membership Secretary of the Tolkien Society, for providing me with an audiocassette recording of this event.
6 See pp. 634 & 545.
7 Lest the description of Father Christmas as a ‘magician’ give us pause, we should remember that Michae
l Tolkien recounts that the wizard ‘Kimpu’ in the family apocrypha derived his name from young Priscilla’s best attempt to say ‘Father Christmas’ – another argument, by the way, for a slightly later date than the one Michael suggests. Also, in the 1933 Father Christmas Letter the North Polar Bear interrupts the letter to say ‘You have no idea what the old man can doo! Litening and Fierworks and Thunder of Guns!’ (Letters from Father Christmas, p. 88) – a description which sounds very much like Gandalf at work: cf. Bilbo’s memory of the wizard’s fireworks at his grandfather’s parties (Chapter I) and the bolts of lightning that strike dead the goblins in the mountain-pass (Chapter IV).
8 For example, Elaine Griffiths’ comments in her interview with Ann Bonsor (BBC Radio Oxford [1974]) are so specific that we can tell that the version of the story she read was the First Typescript, yet she makes no mention of the story’s being incomplete. Accordingly, we must reject Carpenter’s theory that Tolkien abandoned the story at the point where the Second Phase manuscript breaks off (see p. 633); the overwhelming probability is that the ‘home manuscript’ Tolkien lent out was a composite typescript/manuscript consisting of the first typescript up to the death of Smaug, including a fair-copy handwritten insertion of the revised text of what is now Chapter XIII, and followed by forty-five pages of handwritten manuscript completing the story (see pp. 637–8). For more examples of composite typescript/manuscript texts by Tolkien, see the discussion below of the Bladorthin Typescript and the Second Phase manuscript and also see Verlyn Flieger’s discussion of the earliest surviving draft of SWM, itself a typescript/manuscript composite, reproduced in facsimile in the Extended Edition of Smith of Wootton Major [2005], pages 102–29.
We do not know how many people read the story outside of the Tolkien family before its submission to Allen & Unwin, but they include C. S. Lewis (see above), a 12–13 year old girl (Letters p. 21), the Rev. Mother of Cherwell Edge (Letters pp. 215, 346, 374), Elaine Griffiths, and lastly Griffiths’ friend Susan Dagnall, whose positive response encouraged Tolkien to formally submit the story in early October 1936. Quite possibly there were others; cf. Tolkien’s comment that ‘The MS. certainly wandered about’ (JRRT to C. A. Furth at Allen & Unwin, 31st August 1937; Letters p. 21). The composite typescript/manuscript was apparently read to the Inklings (see Letters p. 36), probably at about the time Tolkien submitted it to the publisher, since the group seems not to have existed when the manuscript was first written.†
The History of the Hobbit Page 116
