28. House of Representatives Report #46, “Sales of Ordnance Stores,” April 15, 1872 (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1872), 181, 29, 144, 155, 156, quoted in Haag, Gunning of America, 120.
29. Haag, Gunning of America, 40.
30. Haag, Gunning of America, 42.
31. Haag, Gunning of America, 43.
32. Scott Kraft, “End War Now, Mandela Tells Blacks,” Los Angeles Times, February 26, 1990, http://articles.latimes.com/1990-02-26/news/mn-1165_1_south-africa.
33. Haag, Gunning of America, 110.
34. Haag, Gunning of America, 110.
35. Haag, Gunning of America, 75.
36. Haag, Gunning of America, 76.
37. Haag, Gunning of America, 56.
38. Haag, Gunning of America, 250–51.
39. WRAC, series 1, box 6, folder 7, July 7, 1917; series 6, box 13, folder 20, from T. G. Bennett to “The Trade,” 1918, 6; series 6, box 13, folder 20, from Win Bennett “To the Trade,” 22, cited in Haag, Gunning of America, xv, 324.
40. Haag, Gunning of America, 7.
41. Haag, Gunning of America, 87.
42. Quoted in Wiley Sword, The Historic Henry Rifle: Oliver Winchester’s Famous Civil War Repeater (Woonsocket, RI: Andrew Mowbray, 2006), 64, cited in Haag, Gunning of America, 88.
43. A phrase used by Homer Sprague, brother-in-law of Sarah Winchester. Homer Sprague, History of the Thirteenth Infantry Regiment of Connecticut Volunteers during the Great Rebellion (Hartford, CT: Case, Lockwood, 1867), 114, quoted in Haag, Gunning of America, 87.
44. Haag, Gunning of America, 72.
45. M. L. Brown, Firearms in Colonial America: The Impact on History and Technology, 1492–1792 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1980), 347, cited in Haag, Gunning of America, 10.
46. Haag, Gunning of America, 18.
47. William Hallahan, Misfire: The History of How America’s Small Arms Have Failed Our Country (New York: Scribner’s, 1994), 48–50, 62–77, cited in Haag, Gunning of America, 23.
Chapter 4: The Gun Empire
1. Marco Brunner, “The NRA Wasn’t Always about the Promiscuous Toting of Guns and Arming of Teachers,” Timeline, March 13, 2018, https://timeline.com/old-nra-endorsed-gun-control-6584fda35d7f; Michael S. Rosenwald, “The NRA Once Believed in Gun Control and Had a Leader Who Pushed for It,” Washington Post, February 22, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/10/05/the-forgotten-nra-leader-who-despised-the-promiscuous-toting-of-guns.
2. Gil Troy, “The Teen Killer Who Radicalized the NRA,” Daily Beast, October 8, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-teen-killer-who-radicalized-the-nra.
3. “Letter of Resignation Sent by Bush to Rifle Association,” New York Times, May 11, 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/11/us/letter-of-resignation-sent-by-bush-to-rifle-association.html.
4. “1989 Reagan Condemns Assault Weapons,” C-SPAN, February 6, 1989, https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4462648/1989-reagan-condemns-assault-weapons.
5. Steven Rosenfeld, “7 Uncovered Quotes That Reveal Just How Crazy the NRA’s Become,” Salon, January 23, 2013, https://www.salon.com/2013/01/23/7_uncovered_quotes_that_reveal_just_how_crazy_the_nras_become.
6. John M. Bruce and Clyde Wilcox, eds., The Changing Politics of Gun Control (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), 158–59.
7. This particular bill was ruled unconstitutional, but that has not stopped the NRA from suing municipalities if they deem their local laws a violation of the Second Amendment, often taking them to federal court.
8. “NRA Ad,” YouTube, June 29, 2017, https://youtu.be/PrnIVVWtAag.
9. Jacob Sullum, “What Does the NRA Think about the Shooting of Philando Castile?,” Newsweek, July 19, 2017, https://www.newsweek.com/what-does-nra-think-about-shooting-philando-castile-639224.
10. Kim Parker, “Among Gun Owners, NRA Members Have a Unique Set of Views and Experiences,” Pew Research Center, July 5, 2017, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/07/05/among-gun-owners-nra-members-have-a-unique-set-of-views-and-experiences.
11. King, “The Casualties of the War in Vietnam” (speech, The Nation Institute, Los Angeles, February 25, 1967), http://www.aavw.org/special_features/speeches_speech_king02.html.
12. Jim Zumbo, “Assault Rifles for Hunters?,” Outdoor Life, February 16, 2007, available at http://razoreye.net/mirror/zumbo/zumbo_assault_rifles.html.
13. Blaine Harden, “‘Terrorist’ Remark Puts Outdoorsman’s Career in Jeopardy,” Washington Post, February 24, 2007, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/23/AR2007022301709.html.
14. “NRA Publications Suspends Ties to Jim Zumbo,” NRA Institute for Legislative Action, February 22, 2007, https://www.nraila.org/articles/20070222/nra-publications-suspends-ties-to-jim-z.
15. Tom Kertscher, “Do 90% of Americans Support Background Checks for All Gun Sales?,” Politifact, October 3, 2017, https://www.politifact.com/wisconsin/statements/2017/oct/03/chris-abele/do-90-americans-support-background-checks-all-gun-/.
16. Kim Parker et al., “America’s Complex Relationship with Guns,” Pew Research Center, June 22, 2017, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2017/06/22/americas-complex-relationship-with-guns; Mayors against Illegal Guns, “2012 Frank Luntz National Poll of Gun Owners and NRA Members,” Everytown for Gun Safety, October 20, 2012, https://everytownresearch.org/2012-polling-on-support-for-background-checks; Colleen L. Barry et al., “After Newtown—Public Opinion on Gun Policy and Mental Illness,” New England Journal of Medicine 368 (March 21, 2013): 1077–81, http://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1300512.
17. Christal Hayes, “NRA Says It Faces Financial Crisis, Claims It Might Be ‘Unable to Exist’ in Future: Lawsuit,” USA Today, August 4, 2018, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/08/03/nra-faces-financial-crisis-claims-might-unable-exist/902918002.
Chapter 5: Do Black Guns Matter?
1. Alexandra Filindra, “How Racial Prejudice Helps Drive Opposition to Gun Control,” Washington Post, June 21, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/06/21/heres-the-surprising-reason-some-white-americans-oppose-gun-regulation.
2. Dave Gilson, “The NRA’s Board Members Are—Shockingly—Mostly White Guys,” Mother Jones, March 1, 2018, https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/03/nra-board-members-tom-selleck.
3. “The Origins of the Second Amendment,” YouTube, February 28, 2018, https://youtu.be/NSFsU2NzJv0.
4. Carroll Colby, Firearms by Winchester (New York: Coward-McCann, 1957), 4, cited in Pamela Haag, The Gunning of America: Business and the Making of American Gun Culture (New York: Basic Books, 2016), 105.
5. Haag, Gunning of America, 184.
6. Haag, Gunning of America, 196.
7. Ida B. Wells, Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970), 62, quoted in Nicholas Johnson, Negroes and the Gun: The Black Tradition of Arms (Amherst, MA: Prometheus, 2014), 105.
8. Nicholas Johnson, “Negroes and the Gun: A Winchester ‘in Every Black Home,’” Washington Post, January 29, 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/01/29/negroes-and-the-gun-a-winchester-in-every-black-home.
9. DuBois, The Autobiography of W. E. B. Dubois: A Soliloquy on Viewing My Life from the Last Decade of Its First Century (New York: International Publishers, 1968), 286, quoted in Johnson, Negroes and the Gun.
10. Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma, vol. 2, The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy, 7th ed. (New York: Harper & Row, 2009), 560, cited in Haag, Gunning of America, 198.
11. Thad Morgan, “The NRA Supported Gun Control When the Black Panthers Had the Weapons,” History, March 22, 2018, https://www.history.com/news/black-panthers-gun-control-nra-support-mulford-act.
12. Haag, Gunning of America, 195.
13. H. C. Brearly, Homicide in the United States (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1932), cited in Haag, Gunning of America, 198.
14. Niall McCarthy, “Homicides in Chicago Eclipse
U.S. Death Toll in Afghanistan and Iraq,” Forbes, September 8, 2016, https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2016/09/08/homicides-in-chicago-eclipse-u-s-death-toll-in-afghanistan-and-iraq-infographic.
15. Molly Pahn, Anita Knopov, and Michael Siegel, “Gun Violence in the US Kills More Black People and Urban Dwellers,” The Conversation, November 8, 2017, https://theconversation.com/gun-violence-in-the-us-kills-more-black-people-and-urban-dwellers-86825.
16. Katherine A. Fowler et al., “Childhood Firearm Injuries in the United States,” Pediatrics 140, no. 1 (June 2017), http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-3486; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Fatal Injury Reports, Leading Causes of Death, United States,” WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System), data from 2016, children and teenagers aged one to nineteen, black defined as non-Hispanic, number of deaths by known intent (homicide, suicide, unintentional deaths), ages zero to one calculated separately by the CDC because leading causes of death for newborns and infants are specific to the age group. See also Melonie Heron, “Deaths: Leading Causes for 2015,” National Vital Statistics Reports 66, no. 5 (November 27, 2017), https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_05.pdf; Everytown for Gun Safety, “Gun Violence in America,” accessed September 10, 2018, https://everytownresearch.org/gun-violence-america.
17. King, The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. Clayborne Carson (New York: Warner, 1998), 82.
18. King, Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr., 331.
19. Ben Popken, “Trump’s Victory Has Fearful Minorities Buying Up Guns,” NBC News, November 23, 2016, updated November 27, 2016, https://www.nbcnews.com/business/consumer/trump-s-victory-has-fearful-minorities-buying-guns-n686881.
20. Teryn Payne, “Gun Sales among Blacks See Increase,” Ebony, November 29, 2016, http://www.ebony.com/news-views/gun-sales-blacks-increase.
21. Herman Wong, “Calling for Civility, Ted Nugent Explains Why He Once Told Obama to ‘Suck on My Machine Gun,’” Washington Post, June 18, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/06/17/ted-nugent-once-said-obama-should-suck-on-my-machine-gun-now-he-wants-to-tone-down-the-hateful-rhetoric.
22. Stephen Rex Brown, “Ted Nugent Posts Racist Image on Facebook—One Month after Anti-Semitic Controversy,” New York Daily News, March 31, 2016, http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/nra-board-member-ted-nugent-posts-racist-image-facebook-article-1.2584368.
23. Jeff Cooper, “Cooper’s Corner,” Guns & Ammo, April 1991, 104, quoted in “NRA Family Values,” Violence Policy Center, 1998, http://www.vpc.org/studies/nrafamst.htm.
24. Alexandra Filindra, “How Racial Prejudice Helps Drive Opposition to Gun Control,” Washington Post, June 21, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/06/21/heres-the-surprising-reason-some-white-americans-oppose-gun-regulation.
25. Barbara Goldberg and Gina Cherelus, “Corporate Partners Cut Cord with NRA as Gun Control Debate Rages,” Reuters, February 23, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-guns-boycott/corporate-america-under-pressure-to-cut-ties-with-nra-idUSKCN1G71OX.
26. “Armed in America: Faith & Guns Townhall,” PBS, May 10, 2016, https://www.pbs.org/video/armed-america-faith-guns-armed-america-faith-guns-townhall.
Consider This: Gallery of the Absurd
1. Erik Schelzig, “Sponsor of Law Allowing Guns in Bars Arrested on DUI, Gun Charges,” Associated Press, October 12, 2011, cited in James Atwood, America and Its Guns: A Theological Exposé (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2012), 106.
2. “Tennessee Man Accidentally Shoots Self, Wife during Church Gun-Violence Chat,” Reuters, November 17, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tennessee-shooting/tennessee-man-accidentally-shoots-self-wife-during-church-gun-violence-chat-idUSKBN1DH247.
3. Corky Siemaszko, “Sicilian Wedding Photographer Accidentally Shot, Killed by Couple after He Had Them Pose with Guns,” New York Daily News, July 27, 2010, www.nydailynews.com/news/world/sicilian-wedding-photographer-accidentally-shot-killed-couple-pose-guns-article-1.466571.
4. Dan Zimmerman, “Irresponsible Gun Owner of the Day: Dylan Gremore,” Truth about Guns, January 27, 2012, http://www.thetruthaboutguns.com/2012/01/daniel-zimmerman/irresponsible-gun-owner-of-the-day-dylan-gremore.
5. Dees-Thomases, Looking for a Few Good Moms (Emmaus, PA: Rodale, 2004), 17.
6. Barrett Firearms Manufacturing Inc., brochure advertising Model 82A1 .50-caliber sniper rifle, cited in Atwood, America and Its Guns, 79.
7. Turner Hutchens, “Aiming for Success,” Daily News Journal, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, December 24, 2006.
8. “Statement by the President Announcing the Use of the A-Bomb at Hiroshima,” Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum, August 6, 1945, https://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=100; “Radio Report to the American People on the Potsdam Conference,” Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum, August 9, 1945, https://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/?pid=104.
9. “The Truth about Gun Dealers in America,” Brady Campaign and Brady Center, accessed July 23, 2018, http://www.bradycampaign.org/sites/default/files/TheTruthAboutGunDealersInAmerica.pdf.
10. “Fatal Force,” Washington Post, accessed July 24, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/police-shootings-2017.
11. Brian Freskos, “Up to 600,000 Guns Are Stolen Every Year in the US—That’s One Every Minute,” Guardian (US edition), September 21, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/sep/21/gun-theft-us-firearm-survey.
12. Chelsea Parsons and Eugenio Weigend Vargas, “Stolen Guns in America,” Center for American Progress, July 25, 2017, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/guns-crime/reports/2017/07/25/436533/stolen-guns-america.
13. Testimony of Eileen R. Larance, Director of Homeland Security and Justice, before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, May 5, 2010, U.S. Government Accountability Office, cited in Atwood, America and Its Guns, 163.
14. Eduardo Munoz, “Couples Lug AR-15 Assault Rifles to Pennsylvania Church Blessing,” Reuters, February 28, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-guns-church/couples-lug-ar-15-assault-rifles-to-pennsylvania-church-blessing-idUSKCN1GC2V3.
15. Ruben Gallego and Dan Gross, “Crack Down on ‘Bad Apple’ Gun Dealers,” CNN, August 13, 2015, https://www.cnn.com/2015/08/13/opinions/gallego-gross-gun-dealers/index.html.
16. David Williams, “Americans Can Legally Download 3-D Printed Guns Starting Next Month,” CNN, updated July 20, 2018, https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/19/us/3d-printed-gun-settlement-trnd.
Chapter 6: Mythbusting
1. Michael Luo, “NRA Stymies Firearms Research, Scientists Say,” New York Times, January 25, 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/26/us/26guns.html.
2. Studies have repeatedly shown this to be true: Scott H. Decker, “Americans Mostly Kill the Ones We Know,” Zócalo Public Square, August 6, 2016, http://www.zocalopublicsquare.org/2016/08/06/americans-mostly-kill-ones-know/ideas/nexus.
3. Evan Defilippis and Devin Hughes, “Gun-Rights Advocates Claim Owning a Gun Makes a Woman Safer. The Research Says They’re Wrong,” The Trace, May 2, 2016, https://www.thetrace.org/2016/05/gun-ownership-makes-women-safer-debunked.
4. Christopher Ingraham, “For Every Gun Used in Self-Defense, Six More Are Used to Commit a Crime,” Washington Post, June 14, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/06/14/for-every-gun-used-in-self-defense-six-more-are-used-to-commit-a-crime.
5. Arthur Kellerman, “Guns for Safety? Dream On, Scalia,” Washington Post, June 29, 2008, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/27/AR2008062702864.html.
6. David Hemenway and Sara J. Solnick, “The Epidemiology of Self-Defense Gun Use: Evidence from the National Crime Victimization Surveys 2007–2011,” Preventative Medicine 79 (October 2015): 22–27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.029, cited in Harvard Injury Control Research Center, “Gun Threats and Self-Defense Gun Use,” Harvard School of Public Health, accessed September 11, 2018,
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/hicrc/firearms-research/gun-threats-and-self-defense-gun-use-2.
7. David Hemenway, “Does Owning a Gun Make You Safer?,” Los Angeles Times, August 4, 2015, http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-0804-hemenway-defensive-gun-home-20150730-story.html.
8. Hemenway and Solnick, “Epidemiology of Self-Defense Gun Use.”
9. Everytown for Gun Safety, “Gun Violence in America,” accessed September 10, 2018, https://everytownresearch.org/gun-violence-america.
10. Arthur Kellermann et al., “Injuries and Deaths Due to Firearms in the Home,” Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 45, no. 2 (August 1998): 263–67.
11. Emiko Petrosky et al., “Racial and Ethnic Differences in Homicides of Adult Women and the Role of Intimate Partner Violence—United States, 2003–2014,” Morbity and Mortality Weekly Report 66 (2017): 741–46, http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6628a1.
Beating Guns Page 25
