12. Jacquelyn Campbell et al., “Risk Factors for Femicide in Abusive Relationships: Results from a Multisite Case Control Study,” American Journal of Public Health 93, no.7 (2003): 1089–97.
13. Gary Kleck and Marc Gertz, “Armed Resistance to Crime: The Prevalence and Nature of Self-Defense with a Gun,” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86, no. 1 (Fall 1995): 150–87, https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol86/iss1/8.
14. Flyer from Realco Guns of District Heights, Maryland, cited in James Atwood, America and Its Guns: A Theological Exposé (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2012), 100.
15. Hemenway and Solnick, “Epidemiology of Self-Defense Gun Use.”
16. “Q and A: Guns, Crime, and Self-Defense,” Orange County Register, September 19, 1993, cited in Atwood, America and Its Guns, 101.
17. “Number of Justifiable Homicides by Law Enforcement Officers and Private Citizens in the United States from 2007 to 2015,” accessed September 11, 2018, https://www.statista.com/statistics/251894/number-of-justifiable-homicides-in-the-us. See also Samantha Raphelson, “How Often Do People Use Guns In Self-Defense?,” Here & Now (NPR), April 13, 2018, https://www.npr.org/2018/04/13/602143823/how-often-do-people-use-guns-in-self-defense; and Michael Planty and Jennifer L. Truman, “Firearm Violence, 1993–2011,” Bureau of Justice Statistics, May 2013, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/fv9311.pdf.
18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Fatal Injury Reports, National, Regional and State, 1981–2016,” WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System), updated February 19, 2017, https://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/mortrate.html.
19. “Armed Bystander’s Reaction in Ariz. Shootings Illustrates Complexity of Gun Debate,” Denver Post, published January 15, 2011, updated May 4, 2016, https://www.denverpost.com/2011/01/15/armed-bystanders-reaction-in-ariz-shootings-illustrates-complexity-of-gun-debate.
20. Christopher Ingraham, “For Every Gun Used in Self-Defense, Six More Are Used to Commit a Crime,” Washington Post, June 14, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/06/14/for-every-gun-used-in-self-defense-six-more-are-used-to-commit-a-crime.
21. Glenn Kessler, “The NRA’s Fuzzy, Decades-Old Claim of ‘20,000’ Gun Laws,” Washington Post, February 5, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/the-nras-fuzzy-decades-old-claim-of-20000-gun-laws/2013/02/04/4a7892c0-6f23-11e2-ac36-3d8d9dcaa2e2_blog.html.
22. Cited in Glenn Kessler, “The NRA’s Fuzzy, Decades-Old Claim of ‘20,000’ Gun Laws,” Washington Post, February 5, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/the-nras-fuzzy-decades-old-claim-of-20000-gun-laws/2013/02/04/4a7892c0-6f23-11e2-ac36-3d8d9dcaa2e2_blog.html.
23. “1989 Reagan Condemns Assault Weapons,” C-SPAN, February 6, 1989, https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4462648/1989-reagan-condemns-assault-weapons. A ban on assault weapons existed from 1994 to 2004, a law endorsed by three ex-presidents: Ronald Reagan, Gerald Ford, and Jimmy Carter. However, the ban was allowed to expire in 2004.
24. Mayors against Illegal Guns, “2012 Frank Luntz National Poll of Gun Owners and NRA Members,” Everytown for Gun Safety, October 20, 2012, https://everytownresearch.org/2012-polling-on-support-for-background-checks.
25. Studies such as these: Kim Parker et al., “America’s Complex Relationship with Guns,” Pew Research Center, June 22, 2017, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2017/06/22/americas-complex-relationship-with-guns; Public Policy Polling, “National Survey Results,” Center for American Progress, November 11–12, 2015, https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/17054452/PPP-GunOwnersPollResults-11.17.15.pdf.
26. Benton Strong, “Release: Gun Owners Overwhelmingly Support Background Checks, See NRA as Out of Touch, New Poll Finds,” Center for American Progress, November 17, 2015, https://www.americanprogress.org/press/release/2015/11/17/125618/release-gun-owners-overwhelmingly-support-background-checks-see-nra-as-out-of-touch-new-poll-finds/d.
Chapter 7: Kids and Guns
1. Portions of the segment can be seen at “Who Is America? (2018) | First Look | Sacha Baron Cohen SHOWTIME Series,” YouTube, July 15, 2018, https://youtu.be/QkXeMoBPSDk.
2. Adam Harris, “A World Where School Shootings Feel Inevitable,” Atlantic, May 18, 2018, https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2018/05/a-world-where-school-shootings-feel-inevitable/560735.
3. Libby Nelson and Javier Zarracina, “A Shocking Statistic about Gun Deaths in the US,” Vox, December 4, 2015, https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2015/12/4/9851102/gun-deaths-us-children. Vox used information from Erin Grinshteyn and David Hemenway, “Homicide, Suicide, and Unintentional Firearm Fatality: Comparing the United States with Other High-Income Countries, 2003,” Journal of Trauma 70, no. 1 (January 2011): 238–43, https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3181dbaddf.
4. Everytown for Gun Safety, “The Impact of Gun Violence on American Children and Teenagers,” August 15, 2018, https://everytownresearch.org/impact-gun-violence-american-children-teens, citing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Fatal Injury Reports, National, Regional and State, 1981–2016,” WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System), updated February 19, 2017, https://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/mortrate.html.
5. Judy Schaechter, “Guns in the Home,” Healthy Children, updated June 5, 2018, https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Handguns-in-the-Home.aspx.
6. Child Trends Data Bank, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Statistics on Guns in Schools 2008, 1–2, cited in James Atwood, America and Its Guns: A Theological Exposé (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2012), 117.
7. As of December 2016, there were approximately 14,146 McDonald’s and 25,400 grocery stores in the US—and yet there were 64,417 firearm dealers. Leanna Garfield, “There Are 50,000 More Gun Shops Than McDonald’s in the US,” Business Insider, October 6, 2017, http://www.businessinsider.com/gun-dealers-stores-mcdonalds-las-vegas-shooting-2017-10.
8. Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom (New York: Little, Brown, 2008), 622.
9. Quentin Fottrell, “Walmart and Dick’s Sporting Goods Surge in Public’s Esteem after Breaking Ties with NRA,” MarketWatch, March 6, 2018, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/americans-appear-divided-over-companies-breaking-ties-with-nra-2018-03-01.
10. Ryan Dunn, “Toledo Mother Grieves 3-Year-Old’s Shooting Death,” The Blade, October 31, 2016, http://www.toledoblade.com/Police-Fire/2016/10/31/Toledo-mother-grieves-3-year-old-s-shooting-death.html.
11. Ryan Foley, Larry Fenn, and Nick Penzenstadler, “Chronicle of Agony: Gun Accidents Kill at Least 1 Kid Every Other Day,” USA Today, October 14, 2016, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/10/14/ap-usa-today-gun-accidents-children/91906700.
12. Melissa Healy, “Guns Kill Nearly 1,300 Children in the U.S. Each Year and Send Thousands More to Hospital,” Los Angeles Times, June 19, 2017, http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-gun-deaths-children-20170619-story.html.
13. Ryan Bort, “Kids and Guns: Shootings Now Third Leading Cause of Death for U.S. Children,” Newsweek, June 19, 2017, http://www.newsweek.com/guns-kids-third-leading-cause-death-627209.
Chapter 8: Another Dark Secret
1. National Institute of Mental Health, “Suicide,” last updated May 2018, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/suicide.shtml.
2. National Institute of Mental Health, “Suicide.”
3. This data reflects the five-year average (2012 to 2016) of gun deaths by intent. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Fatal Injury Reports, National, Regional and State, 1981–2016,” WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System), updated February 19, 2017, https://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/mortrate.html.
4. Matthew Miller, Deborah Azrael, and David Hemenway, “The Epidemiology of Case Fatality Rates for Suicide in the Northeast,” Annals of Emergency Medicine 43, no. 6 (2004): 723–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.01.018.
5. National Institute of Mental Health, “S
uicide.”
6. Everytown for Gun Safety, “Firearm Suicide in the United States,” 2017, https://everytownresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Suicide-in-USA-FACT-SHEET-091917A.pdf.
7. David Owens, Judith Horrocks, and Allan House, “Fatal and Non-Fatal Repetition of Self-Harm: Systematic Review,” British Journal of Psychiatry 181, no. 3 (September 2002): 193–99, cited by Everytown for Gun Safety, “Firearm Suicide.”
8. German Lopez, “What Many People Get Wrong about Suicide,” Vox, September 17, 2015, https://www.vox.com/2015/7/30/9068255/suicide-impulsive-gun-control.
9. Corey Adwar, “The Role of Impulsiveness Is One of the Saddest Things about Suicide,” Business Insider, August 13, 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com/many-suicides-are-based-on-an-impulsive-decision-2014-8.
10. Everytown for Gun Safety, “Firearm Suicide.”
11. Greg Allen, “Florida Bill Could Muzzle Doctors on Gun Safety,” NPR, May 7, 2011, https://www.npr.org/2011/05/07/136063523/florida-bill-could-muzzle-doctors-on-gun-safety.
12. Zack Beauchamp, “Australia Confiscated 650,000 Guns: Murders and Suicides Plummeted,” Vox, May 18, 2018, https://www.vox.com/2015/8/27/9212725/australia-buyback.
13. Andrew Leigh and Christine Neill, “Do Gun Buybacks Save Lives? Evidence from Panel Data,” American Law and Economics Review 12, no. 2 (Fall 2010): 509–57.
14. “Suicide Prevention in the Israeli Military,” Suicide Prevention Resource Center, January 26, 2017, https://www.sprc.org/news/suicide-prevention-israeli-military.
15. US Department of Veterans Affairs, “VA National Suicide Data Report, 2005–2015,” June 2018, https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/docs/data-sheets/OMHSP_National_Suicide_Data_Report_2005-2015_06-14-18_508-compliant.pdf.
16. Everytown for Gun Safety, “Firearm Suicide.”
Chapter 9: Dudes and Their Guns
1. David Mikkelson, “Hunting for Bambi,” Snopes, October 26, 2008, https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/hunting-for-bambi.
2. Laura Kiesel, “Don’t Blame Mental Illness for Mass Shootings; Blame Men,” Politico, January 17, 2018, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/01/17/gun-violence-masculinity-216321; Frank T. McAndrew, “If You Give a Man a Gun: The Evolutionary Psychology of Mass Shootings,” The Conversation, December 4, 2015, https://theconversation.com/if-you-give-a-man-a-gun-the-evolutionary-psychology-of-mass-shootings-51782.
3. Lauren F. Winner, “Unexpected Metaphors for God,” lecture at TheoEd Talks (First Presbyterian Church of Atlanta, February 25, 2018), available at https://vimeo.com/258838358.
4. Shane Claiborne and Chris Haw, Jesus for President: Politics for Ordinary Radicals (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2008); Shane Claiborne and Ben Cohen, Jesus, Bombs, and Ice Cream: Building a More Peaceful World (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2013), DVD and study guide.
5. Jiaquan Xu, Sherry L. Murphy, Kenneth D. Kochanek, and Brigham A. Bastian, “Deaths: Final Data for 2013,” National Vital Statistics Reports 64, no. 2 (February 16, 2016), https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_02.pdf; Arthur L. Kellermann et al., “Gun Ownership as a Risk Factor for Homicide in the Home,” New England Journal of Medicine 329, no. 15 (1993); Peter Cummings et al., “The Association Between the Purchase of a Handgun and Homicide or Suicide,” Journal of Public Health 87, no. 6 (1997): 974–78; Shannan Catalano et al., “Selected Findings: Female Victims of Violence,” US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, September 2009, http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/fvv.pdf; Jacquelyn Campbell et al., “Risk Factors for Femicide in Abusive Relationships: Results from a Multisite Case Control Study,” American Journal of Public Health 93, no.7 (2003): 1089–97, cited in Pamela Haag, The Gunning of America: Business and the Making of American Gun Culture (New York: Basic Books, 2016), 367.
6. Everytown for Gun Safety, “Guns and Violence against Women,” 2014, https://everytownresearch.org/documents/2015/04/guns-and-violence-against-women.pdf.
7. Scottish Trades Union Congress, Stop Violence against Women Conference, cited in James Atwood, America and Its Guns: A Theological Exposé (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2012), 109.
8. Amina Khan, “Domestic Violence Homicide Rate Drops with Stricter Gun Law, Study Finds,” Los Angeles Times, September 19, 2017, http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-gun-violence-women-20170919-story.html.
9. Natalie Wilkins et al., “Connecting the Dots: An Overview of the Links among Multiple Forms of Violence,” National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and Prevention Institute, July 2014, https://www.preventioninstitute.org/sites/default/files/publications/Connecting the Dots Links Among Multiple Forms of Violence2.pdf.
10. Evan Defilippis, “Having a Gun in the House Doesn’t Make a Woman Safer,” Atlantic, February 23, 2014, https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/02/having-a-gun-in-the-house-doesnt-make-a-woman-safer/284022.
11. Winchester Repeating Arms Company Archives Collection (WRAC), series 1, box 6, folder 7, July 7, 1917; series 6, box 13, folder 20, from T. G. Bennett to “The Trade,” 1918, 6; series 6, box 13, folder 20, from Win Bennett “To the Trade,” 22, cited in Haag, Gunning of America, xv, 324.
12. Haag, Gunning of America, 333, 467n36, cites several examples of the many “real boy” advertisements released by Winchester in this time period.
13. WRAC, series 1, box 6, folder 9, Sales Bulletin, June 29, 1917; series 6, box 13, folder 20, from T. G. Bennett to “The Trade,” 1918, 12, cited in Haag, Gunning of America, 326.
14. Unless noted otherwise, facts in this section are from Haag, Gunning of America, 143–297.
15. Haag, Gunning of America, 294.
16. Laurie has recited this poem at several public events. It is used here with her permission.
17. Laurie Works, “Becoming a Wounded Healer,” TEDxJacksonHole, published September 26, 2017, 10:18, https://youtu.be/J784v__FVjE.
18. Kevin Simpson, “Denver Woman Feels the Power of Restorative Justice after Son Murdered,” Denver Post, July 9, 2012, updated October 13, 2016, https://www.denverpost.com/2012/07/09/denver-woman-feels-the-power-of-restorative-justice-after-son-murdered.
19. You can support Laurie Works at www.laurieworks.com and find her on Instagram at @healingembodied. And support the women in your community who are leading the way toward less violent neighborhoods.
Chapter 10: The Second Amendment and the Sermon on the Mount
1. David Anderson, “The Lynchburg Revival with Shane Claiborne,” YouTube, June 5, 2018, https://youtu.be/a1TaITKluL8.
2. James Madison, Federalist, no. 63, March 1, 1788, in Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, The Federalist, ed. Jacob E. Cooke (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1961), http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch4s27.html.
3. “New SPLC Report: ‘Patriot’ Groups, Militias Surge in Number in Past Year,” Southern Poverty Law Center, March 2, 2010, https://www.splcenter.org/news/2010/03/02/new-splc-report-patriot-groups-militias-surge-number-past-year.
4. District of Columbia et al. v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008), https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/07pdf/07-290.pdf.
5. Ida B. Wells, Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970), 62, quoted in Nicholas Johnson, Negroes and the Gun: The Black Tradition of Arms (Amherst, MA: Prometheus, 2014), 105.
6. Brian Naylor, “Retired Supreme Court Justice Stevens Calls for Repeal of Second Amendment,” NPR, March 27, 2018, https://www.npr.org/2018/03/27/597259426/retired-supreme-court-justice-stevens-calls-for-repeal-of-second-amendment.
7. This is Michael Moore’s suggested rewrite of the amendment. “My Proposal to Repeal the Second Amendment and Replace It with This,” Facebook, October 4, 2017, https://www.facebook.com/mmflint/posts/10154778028796857.
8. We are thankful for the work of Walter Wink, who coined the phrase the “third way” of Jesus and who works in detail on these texts from the Sermon on the Mount. See Wink, The Powers That Be (New York: Doub
leday, 1998). Shane (with Chris Haw) builds on Wink’s ideas in Jesus for President: Politics for Ordinary Radicals (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2008).
9. We highly recommend our friend Walter Brueggemann’s book The Prophetic Imagination, 2nd ed. (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2001).
Consider This: Laying It All Out There
1. This Guinness Book of World Records was using data from Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2007.html.
2. German Lopez, “America’s Unique Gun Violence Problem, Explained in 17 Maps and Charts,” Vox, updated June 29, 2018, https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/10/2/16399418/us-gun-violence-statistics-maps-charts.
3. Lopez, “America’s Unique Gun Violence Problem.”
4. A mass shooting is defined as when four or more people are shot. Here is a map of recent mass shootings: http://www.gunviolencearchive.org/charts-and-maps.
Beating Guns Page 26
