World Enough and Time
Page 31
1. Edward Thompson, The Life of That Most Excellent Citizen and Uncorrupted Member of Parliament Andrew Marvell, from The Works of Andrew Marvell (1776), Vol. III, p439.
2. Kelliher, p20; W.W. Rouse Ball, and J.A. Venn, Admissions to Trinity College Cambridge (1913), Vol. II.
3. The Rehearsal, p133–4.
4. Thomas Fuller, The History of the University of Cambridge from the Conquest to the Year 1634 (1655), 1840 edition, p316ff.
5. See David Masson, The Life of John Milton, 2nd edition (1875), Vol. I, Chapter IV, p75ff.
6. See L.372n.
7. Pauline Burdon, ‘The Second Mrs Marvell’, Notes and Queries, February 1982, pp33–44. See also her two articles on ‘Marvell and his Kindred’, Notes and Queries, September 1984 and June 1985.
8. J. Kenyon, in Andrew Marvell Essays on the Tercentenary of his Death (1979), p7.
9. Kelliher, p22.
10. Ibid.
11. Thomas Cooke, The Life of Andrew Marvell (1726; 1772 edition), Vol. I, pp4–5.
12. See both Kelliher, p25, and H.M. Margoliouth, Modern Languages Review (1922), XVII, pp353–6.
13. The Rehearsal, pp131–2.
14. Kelliher, p26.
Chapter 3: At the Sign of the Pelican
1. Samuel Parker, A Reproof, p270.
2. John Milton, Letter to John Bradshaw, Public Record Office, State Papers Domestic 18/33. No. 75. Also in Kelliher, p56.
3. L.324
4. The evidence is reviewed by H.M. Margoliouth, Modern Languages Review, 1922, XVII, p355–6.
5. William Empson, ‘Natural Magic and Populism in Marvell’s Poetry’, Using Biography (1984), p4.
6. A point made by John Kenyon, ‘Andrew Marvell: Life and Times’, R.L. Brett (ed.), Andrew Marvell: Essays on the Tercentenary (1979), p7–8.
7. See Margoliouth, loc. cit., pp356–60.
8. See, for example, L.364n.
9. H.M. Margoliouth, Review of English Studies (1926), Vol. 2, No. 5, January, pp96–7.
10. Kelliher, p31.
11. For this speculation as well as a full account of these deeds, see Pauline Burdon, ‘Marvell after Cambridge’, British Library Journal, 1978, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp42–8.
12. Samuel Parker, A Reproof, pp274–5.
13. P.274n.
14. P.270n.
15. The speculation about Edward Skinner and Marvell being his tutor in Rome was made by H.M. Margoliouth in a letter to The Times Literary Supplement, 5 June 1924, p356. The contrary evidence from Padua was presented by L.N. Wall in Notes and Queries, June 1962, p219.
16. Quoted in Augustine Birrell, Andrew Marvell (1905), p20.
17. Joseph Gillow, A Literary and Biographical Dictionary of the English Catholics from the Breach with Rome, in 1534, to the Present Time, Vol. II (1885), pp293–5.
18. Richard Fleckno, The Idea of His Highness Oliver, Late Lord Protector etc with Certain Brief Reflexions on His Life (1659).
19. The theory is Pauline Burdon’s in ‘Andrew Marvell and Richard Flecknoe in Rome’, Notes and Queries, January 1972, pp16–18.
20. Burdon, loc. cit.
Chapter 4: The World’s Disjointed Axle
1. ‘Tom May’s Death’, 1165–6. P.96.
2. The documents are at present in the collection of Hull City Libraries but are reproduced and discussed by Hilton Kelliher, British Library Journal, 1978, No. 4, pp122–9.
3. Christopher Hill, ‘Society and Andrew Marvell’, in Puritanism and Revolution (1958).
4. Wood, Vol. III, p.460.
5. Christopher Hill, God’s Englishman: Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution (1970; 1972 edition), p117.
6. Ibid., p115.
7. See for example: Pierre Legouis, ‘Marvell and the New Critics’, Review of English Studies (1957), Vol. VIII, No. 32, pp382–9; Frank Kermode, ‘Marvell Transprosed’, Encounter, November 1966, XXVII (5), pp77–84; John Carey, ‘Introduction’ in Andrew Marvell: A Critical Anthology (1969); J.P. Kenyon, ‘In pursuit of Marvell’, Times Literary Supplement, 17 November 1978, pp1341–2; Harold Tolliver, ‘The Critical Reprocessing of Andrew Marvell’, English Literary History (1980), No. 47, pp180–203.
8. John Carey, loc. cit.
9. Matthew Arnold, Culture and Anarchy (1869; ed. Dover Wilson, 1960), p163.
10. Samuel Johnson, Lives of the English Poets (Oxford edition, 1906), p14.
11. See Christopher Hill, ‘Society and Andrew Marvell’, loc. cit.
12. P.303n.
13. Wood, quoted in DNB entry on May.
14. Grosart, plxii.
Chapter 5: The Batteries of Alluring Sense
1. Legouis, 1928, p41.
2. Fairfax, Short Memorials of Some Things to be Cleared During My Command in the Army, in Edward Arber, An English Garner (1896), Vol. VIII, p565.
3. The Rehearsal, p135.
4. See Christopher Hill, loc. cit.
5. Fairfax, Short Memorials, op. cit.
6. The Poems of John Milton (ed. Carey, 1968), p321.
7. Clarendon: Selections from The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars and The Life by Himself, ed. G. Huehns (1955), p314.
8. Aubrey’s Brief Lives, ed. Oliver Lawson Dick (1949), p104.
9. For Fairfax’s life, see Charles Firth’s entry in DNB and M.A. Gibb, The Lord General (1938), which includes a selection of Fairfax’s poems as an appendix.
10. The Fairfax–Alured connection is explored in depth by Pauline Burdon in Andrew Marvell: Some Biographical Background: Who Recommended Marvell to Fairfax? (n.d. but based on a paper delivered on 22 May 1975; copy in Local Studies Library, Hull), Polytechnic of Central London, School of Languages.
Chapter 6: Green Thoughts
1. Cited in P.280n.
2. See Richard Wilson, Times Literary Supplement, 26 November 1971; John Newman, TLS, 28 January 1972; A.A. Tait, TLS, 11 February 1972; J.G. Turner, Notes and Queries, December 1977, pp547–8; W. McLung, Notes and Queries, October 1979, pp433–4; Lee Erickson, English Literary Renaissance, 1979, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp158–68. The issue is also discussed by Kelliher, p46, and Dixon-Hunt, pp80–3.
3. For a valuable account of this genre see G.R. Hibbard, ‘The Country House Poem of the Seventeenth Century’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institute, 1956, XIX, pp159–74.
4. Certain similarities between the work of Marvell and Thomas Stanley are explored by Kelliher, pp33–4, who thinks their relationship has been underestimated.
5. See, for example, Lee Erickson, loc. cit.
6. See John Barnard, ‘Marvell and Denton’s Cataracts’, Review of English Studies (1980), 31, pp310–15.
7. L.341.
8. L.356.
Chapter 7: A Gentleman Whose Name is Marvell
1. Samuel Johnson, ‘Life of Milton’, Lives of the English Poets (1906, ed. Arthur Waugh), p85.
2. Public Record Office, Calendar of State Papers Domestic 1652–1653, p176. SP 18/33, No. 75.
3. Phillips’s Life is reproduced in Helen Darbishire, The Early Lives of Milton (1932), p74.
4. Aubrey, op. cit., p203.
5. See French, The Life Records of John Milton (1958), Vol. V, p278.
6. Cited in French, op. cit., Vol. III, p296.
7. Historical and Genealogical Memoirs of the Dutton Family, of Sherborne in Gloucestershire, as Represented in the Peerage of England by the Right Hon. the Baron Sherborne (1899, privately printed), author identified as Blacker Morgan, p120.
8. Dutton, Memoirs, p117.
9. L.304–5.
10. DNB quoting John Evans, Chronological Outline of the History of Bristol (1824), p192n.
11. P.315n, citing Calendar of the Clarendon State Papers (1869), Vol. II, p208.
12. Aubrey, op. cit., p118.
13. The Rehearsal, p79.
14. L.305–6.
15. On 3 August 1654 Marvell signed legal documents authenticating two leases at Eton, one to Oxenbridge. See Noel Blakiston, Times Literary Supplement, 8 February 1952, p109.
Chapter 8: A
Fine and Private Place
1. J. Nickolls (ed.), Original Letters and Papers of State … addressed to Oliver Cromwell, 1743, pp95–6.
2. Ibid., p99.
3. For the 1653 date, see Roger Sharrock, The Times Literary Supplement, 31 October 1958, p625, challenged by Elsie Duncan-Jones, TLS, 5 December 1958, who proposes 1646. See also Sharrock’s reply, TLS, 16 January 1959.
4. See for example my discussion of Matthew Arnold’s poems to Marguerite in Nicholas Murray, A Life of Matthew Arnold (1996), p80.
5. Philip Larkin, ‘The Changing Face of Andrew Marvell’, English Literary Renaissance, Winter 1979, pp149–57. Reprinted in Required Writing (1983).
6. John Crowe Ransom, The New Criticism (1941), p311.
7. M.C. Bradbrook and M.G. Lloyd-Thomas in Andrew Marvell (1940), p43n.
8. Dutton was born ‘about the year 1641’ according to the only extant history of the family by Blacker Morgan, Historical and Genealogical Memoirs of the Dutton Family (1899). He had no issue and no portrait of him is known, unless it is ‘the portrait hanging near the door of the dining-room at Sherborne House of a young man handsomely attired and with a gold bracelet upon his wrist’. A memorial in the parish church at Sherborne in Gloucestershire indicates that he died on 24 March 1675.
9. The letter is in the Public Record Office (State Papers Domestic, 18/123/40) and this postscript was first highlighted by Elsie Duncan-Jones in TLS, 20 June 1958. See also her letters, TLS, 2 December 1949 and 31 July 1953, for further details of the Saumur visit.
10. Legouis, 1965, p105.
11. Ibid., pp106–7.
12. Letter dated 15 August 1656 in the British Museum. Add. MS. 15858, f.135. See Duncan-Jones letters cited above.
13. Masson, Life of Milton, Vol. V, p367. Also quoted by Duncan-Jones, TLS, 31 July 1953.
14. The 1681 Folio of the Poems from the British Library (C.59.i.8), together with some pages from the Bodleian copy, were reprinted in 1969 by the Scolar Press in facsimile.
15. P.329n.
Chapter 9: A Good Man For the State to Make Use Of
1. Samuel Parker, Bishop Parker’s History of His Own Time (1727; translated from the Latin by Thomas Newlin), p332.
2. See L.380n for some examples of these duties.
3. See Kelliher, ‘Some Notes on Andrew Marvell’, British Library Journal (1978), No. 4, pp129–34, for a very valuable summary of Marvell’s work as a civil servant and for a reproduction of his handwriting in this document.
4. Christopher Hill, ‘Society and Andrew Marvell’, op. cit.
5. Kelliher, loc. cit., lists all the known documents in chronological order.
6. Calendar of State Papers Colonial, 1574–1660 (1860), p462.
7. Whitelocke quoted in DNB.
8. The Rehearsal, Part 2, p203.
9. Wood, p232.
10. Cited in Dryden, Absalom and Achitophel, ed. James and Helen Kinsley (1961), p55n.
11. See, for example, R.I.V. Hodge, Foreshortened Time: Andrew Marvell and Seventeenth Century Revolutions (1978), who suggests that ‘Upon the Hill and Grove at Bill-borow’ could have been written in the 1660s.
12. Life of Milton, op. cit.
13. J.B. Leishman, The Art of Marvell’s Poetry (1972 edition), p29.
14. Frank Kermode, ‘Two Notes on Marvell’, Notes and Queries, 29 March 1952, p136.
15. Samuel Parker, A Free and Impartial Censure of the Platonick Philosophy (1666), p74.
16. Wood, Vol. III, p1027.
17. Quoted in Christopher Hill, God’s Englishman (1970; 1973 edition), p184.
Chapter 10: I Saw Him Dead
1. See W. Arthur Turner, ‘Milton, Marvell and “Dradon” at Cromwell’s Funeral’, Philological Quarterly (1949), No. 28, pp320–3.
2. French, The Life Records of John Milton (1949–58), Vol. IV, p235.
3. L.372n.
4. L.307. I take it to be addressed to Popple because it uses the salutation normal between them: ‘affectionate cosin’.
5. Calendar of State Papers Domestic 1659–60, p27.
6. French, The Life Records of Milton, Vol. IV, pp280–1.
7. L.307.
8. Brief Lives, op. cit., p125.
9. See Henning, History of Parliament 1660–90 (1983) Vol. 1, p476.
10. See, for example, Annabel Patterson, Andrew Marvell (1994).
Chapter 11: His Majesties Happy Return
1. Hollis (1720–74) bequeathed the portrait of Marvell painted around 1662, which is now the property of the Hull Museums.
2. G.N. Clark, The Later Stuarts 1660–1714 (1934), p1.
3. Cited by Mark Kishlansky, A Monarchy Transformed: Britain 1603–1714 (1997), p222. A present-day historian whose picture of the King’s return differs little in essential respects from Clark’s.
4. Journals of the House of Commons, cited by Pierre Legouis in Modern Languages Review (October 1923), p421, who says the proposal to use Marvell came from a ‘humorist’ in the House.
5. For a full list of these committees see Legouis, ibid.
6. The Rehearsal, p44.
7. L.7.
8. L.2.
9. L.6.
10. L.8.
11. L.10.
12. Clarendon, op. cit., p83.
13. L.13.
14. Parliamentary History of England, Vol. IV 1660–88 (1808), p162.
15. Quoted by French, Life Records of Milton, Vol. IV, p350.
16. Latham, p40.
17. R.C. Latham, ‘Payment of Parliamentary Wages – the Last Phase’, English Historical Review (1951), LXVI, 66, pp27–50.
18. Wildridge, Hull Letters (1887), p63.
19. Cited by Legouis (1928), p227n. The original anecdote seems to have been told in the London Journal, 13 May 1738.
Chapter 12: A Breach of the Peace
1. Anonymous author of A Reproof to the Rehearsal Transpros’d (1673), p77.
2. Henning, History of Parliament, Vol. III, p25.
3. L.17.
4. L.15.
5. L.18.
6. L.20.
7. L.21.
8. Quoted in DNB.
9. L.22.
10. L.24.
11. L.27.
12. L.26.
13. This account of Trinity House is derived from L.371n.
14. L.247.
15. L.28.
16. L.30.
17. L.33.
18. L.32.
19. L.32.
20. Journals of the House, Vol. 8, p389.
21. Quoted by Legouis in a valuable account of the whole incident in Modern Languages Review (October 1923), pp420–6.
22. Ibid., 20 March.
23. ‘Tom May’s Death’, line 86.
Chapter 13: Beyond Sea
1. Lytton Strachey, ‘John Aubrey’, Portraits in Miniature (1931), p19.
2. Basil Willey, Seventeenth Century Background (1950), p101.
3. L.248.
4. L.249.
5. For an account of the Spurn Lights issue see Victoria County History of England: East Riding (1969), pp401–2.
6. L.250.
7. L.251.
8. See L.373n for a letter to Edmund Popple announcing Marvell’s safe arrival at the Hague.
9. Henning, History of Parliament 1660–90 (1983), Vol. 1, says that the ‘mysterious mission’ may have been at the instigation of Sir George Downing who ‘may have hoped to use him to trepan some of the English exiles there’ (p25).
10. Hull Bench Books, quoted by Legouis (1928), p247n.
11. L.34.
12. L.34.
13. L.35.
14. L.36.
15. Samuel Parker, A Reproof to the Rehearsal Transpros’d (1673), p270.
16. Ibid., p245.
17. John Aubrey, Brief Lives, op. cit., p196.
18. Samuel Parker, Bishop Parker’s History of His Own Time (1727), translated from the Latin by Thomas Newlin, pp332–4.
19. Richard Leigh, The Transproser Rehears’d (1673), p31.
21. L.37–8.
Chapter 14: Peasants and Mechanicks
1. Guy Miège, A Relation of Three Embassies from His Sacred Majesty Charles II to the Great Duke of Muscovie etc (1669), p113.
2. All details of the voyage are taken from the account of Miège.
3. L.39.
4. L.254.
5. Quoted in Kelliher, p83.
Chapter 15: Sober English Valour
1. L.373n.
2. L.362n.
3. Henning, Vol. III, p25.
4. L.372n.
5. G.A. Aitken, Satires of Andrew Marvell (1892), pp124–5.
6. Thomas Cooke, The Works of Andrew Marvell (1726), Vol. I, p10.
7. Cooke, op. cit., p13.
8. Aubrey, p196
9. Discussed by Thompson, p471, but the threat is referred to on the title page of The Rehearsal, Part 2.
10. L.40.
11. L.362n.
12. L.41.
13. L.41.
14. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, ed. G. Gregory Smith (1935). Entry for 2 September 1666, pp412–13.
15. Journals of the House, Vol. 8, p629.
16. The Somers Collection of Tracts (1812), Vol. 7, pp615–34, ‘A True and Faithful Account of the Infornmations Exhibited to the Committee Appointed to Inquire into the Late Burning of the City of London, 1667’.
17. L.42.
18. L.43.
19. L.45.
20. L.44.
21. L.45.
22. L.49.
Chapter 16: An Idol of State
1. L.50.
2. L.50.
3. L.51.
4. L.53.
5. L.55.
6. L.54.
7. L.54.
8. L.310.
9. L.56.
10. John Evelyn, quoted P.341n.
11. Cited in P.341n.
12. Samuel Pepys, Diary, 14 June 1667, p508.
13. Mary Tom Osborne, Advice-to-a-Painter Poems 1633–1856: An annotated finding list (1949), p12.
14. Samuel Pepys, Diary, p448.
15. Marvell’s editor George deF. Lord prints them in his 1984 edition (Everyman edition, 1993) and justifies his attribution in ‘Two New Poems by Marvell’, Bulletin of the New York Library, November 1958 and July 1959.
16. Wood, cited P.348n.
17. Aubrey, p196.
18. John Evelyn, 18 September 1683, cited P.351n.
19. P.352n.
20. This is discussed in more detail in Chapter 29.
21. Clarendon, op. cit., p480.
Chapter 17: The Faults and the Person