A Government of Wolves: The Emerging American Police State

by Whitehead, John W.

82 Richard Gray, "Minority Report-style advertising billboards to target consumers," The Telegraph (Aug. 1, 2010), http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/7920057/ Minority-Report-style-advertising-billboards-to-target-consumers.html.

  83 Declan McCullagh, "Homeland Security moves forward with 'pre-crime' detection," CNET (Oct. 7, 2011), http://news.cnet.com/8301-31921_3-20117058-281/homeland-security-moves-forward-with-pre-crime-detection/.

  84 Dan Nosowitz, "Mind-Reading Tech Reconstructs Videos From Brain Images," Popular Science (Sept. 22, 2011), http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-09/mind-reading-tech-reconstructs-videos-brain-images.

  85 Peter Pachal, "IBM: Mind-Reading Machines Will Change Our Lives," Maskable (Dec. 21, 2011), http://mashable.com/2011/12/21/ibm-kevin-brown-mind-reading/.

  86 Ian Sample, "Mind-reading program translates brain activity into words," Guardian (Jan. 31, 2012), http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/jan/31/mind-reading-program-brain-words.

  87 "Flashlight Weapon Makes Targets Throw Up," FOX News (Aug. 7, 2007), http://www. foxnews.com/story/0,2933,292271,00.html.

  88 John Adams, "New 'Laser' Weapon Debuts in LA County Jail," NBC Los Angeles (Aug. 23, 2010), http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/New-Laser-Weapon-Debuts-in-LA-County-Jail-101230974.html.

  89 Gavin Thomas, "Sonic device deployed in London during Olympics," BBC News (May 21, 2012), http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18042528.

  90 Allison Barrie, "June Beetles Conscripted Into Cyborg Army," FOX News (Jan. 5, 2012), http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2012/01/05/june-beetles-conscripted-into-cyborg-army/.

  91 Rick Weiss, "Dragonfly or Insect Spy? Scientists at Work on Robobugs," The Washington Post (Oct. 9, 2007), http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/08/ AR2007100801434.html.

  92 Rick Weiss, "Dragonfly or Insect Spy? Scientists at Work on Robobugs," The Washington Post (Oct. 9,2007), http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/08/ AR2007100801434.html.

  C H A P T E R SIX

  93 Neil Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business (Penguin, 2006), p. xix.

  94 Neil Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business (Penguin, 1985), pp. 155-56.

  95 Neil Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business (Penguin, 1985)

  96 Neil Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business, 20th Anniversary Edition (Penguin Group, 2006)

  Part Three: Welcome to the Police State

  97 George Orwell, 1984 (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1984).

  98 Joel Miller, "The Problem with Drug Raids," World Net Daily (Sept. 15, 1999), http://www wnd.com/1999/09/6289/..

  C H A P T E R SEVEN

  99 As quoted in Bertram Gross, Friendly Fascism: The New Face of Power in America (South

  End Press, 1980)

  100 Milton Mayer, An excerpt from They Thought They Were Free: The Germans, 1933-45 (University of Chicago Press, 1966), http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/511928. html.

  101 Bertram Gross, Friendly Fascism: The New Face of Power in America (South End Press, 1980)

  C H A P T E R EIGHT

  102 David Shipler, "Free to Search and Seize," New York Times (June 22, 2011), http://www. nytimes.com/2011/06/23/opinion/23shipler.html?_r=l.

  103 Speech by James Madison, Constitutional Convention (June 29, 1787).

  104 Andrew Becker and G.W. Schulz, "Local police stockpile high-tech, combat-ready gear," America's War Within (Dec. 21, 2011), http://americaswarwithin.org/articles/2011/12/21/ local-police-stockpile-high-tech-combat-ready-gear.

  105 Andrew Becker and G.W. Schulz, "Local police stockpile high-tech, combat-ready gear," America's War Within (Dec. 21,2011), http://americaswarwithin.org/articles/2011/12/21/ local-police-stockpile-high-tech-combat-ready-gear.

  106 Lorenzo Franceschi-Bicchierai, "Small-Town Cops Pile Up on Useless Military Gear," Wired (June 26, 2012), http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/06/cops-military-gear/ all/.

  107 Paul C. Roberts, "The Empire Turns Its Guns on the Citizenry," Prison Planet (Jan. 24, 2007), http://www.prisonplanet.com/articles/january2007/240107_b_Empire.htm.

  108 Benjamin Carlson, "Battlefield Main Street," The Daily (Dec. 5, 2011), http://www.thedaily. com/page/2011/12/05/120511-news-militarized-police-l-6/.

  109 Benjamin Carlson, "Battlefield Main Street," The Daily (Dec. 5,2011), http://www.thedaily. com/page/2011/12/05/120511-news-militarized-police-l-6/.

  110 Andrew Becker and G.W. Schulz, "Local police stockpile high-tech, combat-ready gear," America's War Within (Dec. 21,2011), http://americaswarwithin.org/articles/2011/12/21/ local-police-stockpile-high-tech-combat-ready-gear.

  111 Andrew Becker and G.W. Schulz, "Local police stockpile high-tech, combat-ready gear," America's War Within (Dec. 21,2011), http://americaswarwithin.org/articles/2011/12/21/ local-police-stockpile-high-tech-combat-ready-gear.

  112 Andrew Becker and G.W. Schulz, "Local police stockpile high-tech, combat-ready gear," America's War Within (Dec. 21,2011), http://americaswarwithin.org/articles/2011/12/21/ local-police-stockpile-high-tech-combat-ready-gear.

  113 Andrew Becker and G.W. Schulz, "Local police stockpile high-tech, combat-ready gear," America's War Within (Dec. 21,2011), http://americaswarwithin.org/articles/2011/12/21/ local-police-stockpile-high-tech-combat-ready-gear.

  114 Benjamin Carlson, "Battlefield Main Street," The Daily (Dec. 5,2011), http://www.thedaily. com/page/2011/12/05/120511-news-militarized-police-l-6/.

  115 Benjamin Carlson, "Battlefield Main Street," The Daily (Dec. 5,2011), http://www.thedaily. com/page/2011/12/05/120511-news-militarized-police-l-6/.

  116 Benjamin Carlson, "Battlefield Main Street," The Daily (Dec. 5,2011), http://www.thedaily. com/page/2011/12/05/120511-news-militarized-police-l-6/.

  117 "Battlefield US: Pentagon arms police departments with free heavy weaponry," RT (Dec. 7, 2011), http://rt.com/usa/news/police-weaponry-military-pentagon-205/.

  118 Benjamin Carlson, "Battlefield Main Street," The Daily (Dec. 5,2011), http://www.thedaily. com/page/2011/12/05/120511-news-militarized-police-l-6/.

  119 "Drones cleared for domestic use across the US," RT (Nov. 29, 2011), http://rt.com/usa/ news/us-drones-border-patrol-489/.

  120 "Drones cleared for domestic use across the US," RT (Nov. 29, 2011), http://rt.com/usa/ news/us-drones-border-patrol-489/.

  121 Glenn Greenwald, "The growing menace of domestic drones," Salon (Dec. 12,2011), http:// www.salon.com/2011/12/12/the_growing_menace_of_domestic_drones/singleton/.

  122 Glenn Greenwald, "The growing menace of domestic drones," Salon (Dec. 12,2011), http:// www.salon.com/2011/12/12/the_growing_menace_of_domestic_drones/singleton/.

  123 "Federal Law Enforcement Statistics," Bureau of Justice Statistics, http://www.ojp.usdoj. gov/bjs/fedle.htm.

  124 The Department of Education caused public confusion in 2010 when it purchased 27 riot shotguns as cited in Valerie Strauss, "Education Department Buying 27 Shotguns," The Washington Post (March 11, 2010), http://voices.washingtonpost.com/answer-sheet/ education-secretary-duncan/ed-department-buying-27-shotgu.html. The Wright raid presumably indicates the intended use of those weapons.

  125 Radley Balko, "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America," Cato Institute (July 17,2006), http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/balko_whitepaper_2006.pdf

  126 "What is the Inspector General's (IG) mission?" Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, http://www.ignet.gov/igs/faql.html#mission.

  127 Federal Offices of Inspectors General (OIGs), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspector_ General#United_States.

  128 The official press release issued by the Office of Inspector General is available here: http:// www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oig/oigstatement.pdf

  129 Matt Welch, "Dept. of Education SWAT Raid Update: Not for a Student Loan, DoE Says," Reason Hit and Run Blog (June 8, 2011), http://reason.com/blog/2011/06/0
8/dept-of-education-swat-team-up.

  130 Leigh Paynter, "DOE Raids Stockton Home as Part of Fraud Investigation," ABC News1O (June 8, 2011), http://www.newsl0.net/news/article/141207/2/DOE-raids-Stockton-home-as-part-of-fraud-investigation.

  131 Matt Welch, "Dept. of Education SWAT Raid Update: Not for a Student Loan, DoE Says," Reason Hit and Run Blog (June 8, 2011), http://reason.com/blog/2011/06/08/dept-of-education-swat-team-up.

  132 Leigh Paynter, "DOE Raids Stockton Home as Part of Fraud Investigation," ABC NewslO (June 8,2011), http://www.newsl0.net/news/article/141207/2/DOE-raids-Stockton-home-as-part-of-fraud-investigation.

  133 Eloise Lee and Robert Johnson, "The Department of Homeland Security Is Buying 450 Million New Bullets," Business Insider (March 28, 2012), http://www.businessinsider. com/us-immigration-agents-are-loading-up-on-as-many-as-450-million-new-rounds-of-ammo-2012-3.

  134 Paul Joseph Watson, "DHS To Purchase Another 750 Million Rounds Of Ammo," Prison Planet (Aug. 13, 2012), http://www.prisonplanet.com/dhs-to-purchase-another-750-million-rounds-of-ammo.html.

  135 "Request for Quote for Ammunition," Federal Business Opportunities, https://www.fbo. gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=6c39a2a9f00al0187al432388a3301e5&tab=c ore&_cview=0&fb_source=message.

  136 Paul Joseph Watson, "Social Security Administration To Purchase 174 Thousand Rounds Of Hollow Point Bullets," Infowars (Aug. 15, 2012), http://www.infowars.com/social-security-administration-to-purchase-174-thousand-rounds-of-hollow-point-bullets/.

  137 Millard K. Ives, "Training excercise startles locals," The Daily Commercial (Jan. 4, 2012), http://www.dailycommercial.com/News/LakeCounty/010412shield.

  138 "13--Ammunition and Shooting Targets," Federal Business Opportunities, https://www.fbo. gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&tab=core&id=bfd95987alad9a6dfb22bca4al915 Ocb&_cview=0.

  139 Paul Joseph Watson, "National Weather Service Follows DHS In Huge Ammo Purchase," Infowars (Aug. 14,2012), http://www.infowars.com/national-weather-service-follows-dhs-in-huge-ammo-purchase/.

  140 Jason Samenow, "National Weather Service 'ammunition' solicitation triggers

  confusion," The Washington Post (Aug. 14, 2012), http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/

  capital-weather-gang/post/national-weather-service-ammunition-solicitation-triggers-

  confusion/2012/08/14/3dc6b67e-e62a-llel-936a-b801flababl9_blog.html.

  C H A P T E R NINE

  141 John Vining, "'A Terrible Mistake': SWAT Teams in the US," The Epoch Journal (June 1, 2009), http://epochjournal.org/2009/06/01/the-story-of-swat-teams-in-the-us/.

  142 Peter Kraska and Victor Kappeler, "Militarizing American Police: The Rise and Normalization of Paramilitary Units," Social Problems, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Feb. 1997), available on JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/pss/3096870.

  143 Peter Kraska and Victor Kappeler, "Militarizing American Police: The Rise and Normalization of Paramilitary Units," Social Problems, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Feb. 1997), available on JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/pss/3096870.

  144 Radley Balko, "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America," Cato Institute (July 17,2006), http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/balko_whitepaper_2006.pdf.

  145 Radley Balko, "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America," Cato Institute (July 17,2006), http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/balko_whitepaper_2006.pdf.

  146 Radley Balko, "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America," Cato Institute (July 17,2006), http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/balko_whitepaper_2006.pdf.

  147 Radley Balko, "4.5 SWAT Raids Per Day," Reason Magazine (March 1, 2010), http://reason.com/archives/2010/03/01/45-swat-raids-per-day.

  148 Radley Balko, "4.5 SWAT Raids Per Day," Reason Magazine (March 1, 2010), http://reason.com/archives/2010/03/01/45-swat-raids-per-day.

  149 Radley Balko, "4.5 SWAT Raids Per Day," Reason Magazine (March 1, 2010), http://reason. com/archives/2010/03/01/45-swat-raids-per-day.

  150 Peter Kraska and Victor Kappeler, "Militarizing American Police: The Rise and Normalization of Paramilitary Units," Social Problems, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Feb. 1997), p. 3, available on JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/pss/3096870.

  151 Diane Cecilia Webster, "Warrior Cops: The Ominous Growth of Paramilitarism in American Police Departments," Cato Institute (Aug. 26,1999), http://www.cato.org/pubs/briefs/bp50.

  152 Peter Kraska and Victor Kappeler, "Militarizing American Police: The Rise and Normalization of Paramilitary Units," Social Problems, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Feb. 1997), available on JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/pss/3096870.

  153 Diane Cecilia Webster, "Warrior Cops: The Ominous Growth of Paramilitarism in American Police Departments," Cato Institute (Aug. 26,1999), http://www.cato.org/pubs/briefs/bp50. pdf.

  154 Radley Balko, "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America," Cato Institute (July 17,2006), http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/balko_whitepaper_2006.pdf.

  155 Radley Balko, "More Militarized than the Military," Reason Hit and Run Blog (May 14, 2010), http://reason.com/blog/2010/05/14/more-militarized-than-the-mili.

  156 Radley Balko, "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America," Cato Institute (July 17,2006), http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/balko_whitepaper_2006.pdf.

  157 Meghann Cuniff, "State Patrol Officer Shoots Pregnant Woman During Spokane Drug Raid," The News Tribune (Sept. 25,2010), http://www.thenewstribune.com/2010/09/25/1356027/ state-patrol-officer-shoots-pregnant.html.

  158 Radley Balko, "Death by SWAT," Reason Magazine (Jan. 2009), http://reason.com/ archives/2008/12/05/death-by-swat.

  159 The Cato Institute provides a useful map, prepared by Radley Balko, of botched raids nationwide at http://www.cato.org/raidmap/.

  160 Radley Balko, "Another Isolated Incident," Reason Hit and Run Blog (June 23,2009), http:// reason.com/blog/2009/06/23/another-isolated-incident.

  161 Radley Balko, "Another Isolated Incident," Reason Hit and Run Blog (Dec. 11,2008),cato.org/raidmap/">http://reason.com/blog/2008/12/ll/another-isolated-incident.

  162 Radley Balko, "Another Isolated Incident," Reason Hit and Run Blog (Jan. 30,2009), http:// reason.com/blog/2009/01/30/another-isolated-incident.

  163 Radley Balko, "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America," Cato Institute (July 17,2006), http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/balko_whitepaper_2006.pdf

  164 Tom Finnegan, "Wrong-house Bust Brings Suit," Honolulu Star-Bulletin (Jan. 12, 2006), http://archives.starbulletin.com/2006/01/12/news/story08.html.

  165 Radley Balko, "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America," Cato Institute (July 17,2006), http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/balko_whitepaper_2006.pdf.

  166 Phuong Cat Le and Hector Castro, "Police are too quick to grab for Taser's power, say critics," Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Nov. 30, 2004), http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/201700_ taser30.html.

  167 John Vining, "'A Terrible Mistake': SWAT Teams in the US," The Epoch Journal (June 1, 2009), http://epochjournal.org/2009/06/01/the-story-of-swat-teams-in-the-us/.

  168 Radley Balko, "Drug War Police Tactics Endanger Innocent Citizens," FOX News (July 21, 2006), http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6552/.

  169 Radley Balko, "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America," Cato Institute (July 17,2006), http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/balko_whitepaper_2006.pdf.

  170 Radley Balko, "Your Friendly Paramilitary Police Raid Post," Reason Hit and Run Blog (Jan. 12,2009), http://reason.com/blog/2009/01/12/your-friendly-paramilitary-pol.

  171 Ted Conover, "A Snitch's Dilemma," New York Times (June 29,2012), http://www.nytimes. com/2012/07/0 l/magazine/alex-white-professional-snitch.html?pagewanted=all.

  172 Randall Chase, "Del. city settles in shooting of former Marine," Marine Corps Times (Dec. 10, 2010), http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2010/12/ap-marine-city-family-settle-in-shooting-death-121010/.

  173 Shaila K. Dewan, "City to Pay $1.6 Million in Fatal, Mistaken Raid," New York Times (Oct. 29, 2003), http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/29/nyregion/city
-to-pay-l.6-million-in-fatal-mistaken-raid.html.

  174 Robert Bauman, "Exclusive Justice," Reason (May 1995), http://reason.com/archives/1995/ 05/01/exclusive-justice.

  175 Joel Miller, "The Problem with Drug Raids," World Net Daily (Sept. 15,1999), http://www. wnd.com/1999/09/6289/.

  176 Caroline Black, "Police Raid that Killed Child Was 'Flawed,' Says Lawyer; Filming for TV Got Officers 'Excited,'" CBS News (May 17, 2010), http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504083_162-20005157-504083.html.

  177 Radley Balko, "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America," Cato Institute (July 17,2006), http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/balko_whitepaper_2006.pdf.

  178 Radley Balko, "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America," Cato Institute (July 17,2006), http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/balko_whitepaper_2006.pdf.

  179 Radley Balko, "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America," Cato Institute (July 17,2006), http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/balko_whitepaper_2006.pdf.

  180 Radley Balko, "Jose Guerena Killed: Cops Shoot Former Marine in Botched Pot Raid," The Huffington Post (May 25,2011), http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/25/jose-guerena-arizona-_n_867020.html.

  181 Radley Balko, "Jose Guerena Killed: Cops Shoot Former Marine in Botched Pot Raid," The Huffington Post (May 25,2011), http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/25/jose-guerena-arizona-_n_867020.html.

  182 Ellen Tumposky, "Arizona SWAT Team Defends Shooting Iraq Vet 60 Times," ABC News (May 20, 2011), http://abcnews.go.com/US/tucson-swat-team-defends-shooting-iraq-marine-veteran/story?id=13640112.

  183 Barbara Grijalva, "Double murder takes parents of two young Tucson girls," Tucson News Now (April 5, 2010), http://www.tucsonnewsnow.com/story/12225088/double-murder-takes-parents-of-two-young-tucson-girls?redirected=true.

  184 Ellen Tumposky, "Arizona SWAT Team Defends Shooting Iraq Vet 60 Times," ABC News (May 20, 2011), http://abcnews.go.com/US/tucson-swat-team-defends-shooting-iraq-marine-veteran/story?id=13640112.

  185 Fernanda Echavarri, "SWAT Team Fired 71 Shots in Raid," Arizona Daily Star (May 11,2011) ,http://azstarnet.com/news/local/crime/article_d7d979d4-f4fb-5603-af76-0bef206f8301.html.