100 More Canadian Heroines
Page 31
3. Jocelyn Sara, “Personality of the Week: E. Catherine Barclay,” n.d.
4. Canadian Hostelling Association, Fifty Years of Canadian Hostelling (Calgary: Detselig Enterprises Ltd., 1988), 6.
5. Ibid., 7.
6. Anderson.
7. Debra Cummings, “Cadillac of Hostels Opens in Banff,” Vancouver Sun, May 2, 1998.
Frances Barkley
1. Beth Hill, The Remarkable World of Frances Barkley (Sidney: Gray’s Publishing, 1978), 18.
2. Captain Walbran, “The Cruise of the Imperial Eagle”, Victoria Times Colonist, March 2, 1901.
3. Londa Schiebinger, “Jeanne Baret: The First Woman to Circumnavigate the Globe,” Endeavour, Vol. 27, No.1 (March 2003).
4. Hill, 171–84.
5. Roger Evans, Somerset’s Forgotten Heroes (Dorset: Dovecotte Press, 2004), 19–23.
6. Hill, 83.
Robertine Barry
1. Sergine Desjardins, Robertine Barry: La femme nouvelle (Trois-Pistoles: Éditions Trois-Pistoles, 2010), 318–19, 323.
2. Lisette Lapointe, “Robertine Barry: la rebelle,” La Gazette des femmes, Vol. 20, No.1: 14–15.
3. Desjardins, 247.
4. Ibid., 321–22.
5. Ibid., 15–16.
6. Ibid., 337.
Abigail Becker
1. Cheryl MacDonald, Abigail Becker: Angel of Long Point (Nanticoke: Heronwood Enterprises, 2008), 4, 47.
2. “Abigail Becker, Life Saver, Dead,” New York Times, March 24, 1905.
3. Rev. R. Calvert, The Story of Abigail Becker (Toronto: William Briggs, 1899), 14.
4. The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Vol. XXX (May–October 1885): 800–02.
5. Calvert, 13–20.
6. John G. Whittier, “The Heroine of Long Point,” Atlantic Monthly, May 1869.
7. Ibid.
Margret Benedictsson
1. Norma Thomasson to Merna Forster, February 1, 2011.
2. Dianne Dodd, “Margrét Jónsdóttir Benedictsson (1866–1956),” Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada Submission Report — Person, 2008-69, 6, 9.
3. “The Icelandic Emigration,” Iceland National Broadcasting Service, http://servefir.ruv.is.
4. Mary Kinnear, “The Icelandic Connection: Freyja and the Manitoba Woman Suffrage Movement,” Canadian Woman Studies, Vol. 7, No. 4 (1986): 25–28.
5. Ibid.
6. Ryan Eyford, “Lucifer Come to New Iceland: Margret and Sigfus Benedictson’s Radical Critique of Marriage and the Family,” Presentation at Canadian Historical Association, 2007: 16.
7. Anne Brydon, “The Icelandic Fjalkona,” in Pauline Greenhill and Diane Tye, eds., Undisciplined Women: Tradition and Culture in Canada (Montreal and Kingston: McGill and Queen’s University Press, 1997), 99–100.
8. Kinnear: 26.
Myra Bennett
1. H. Gordon Green, Don’t Have Your Baby in the Dory! (Montreal: Harvest House, 1974), 9.
2. Ibid., 50.
3. Ibid., 133.
4. The play, written by Robert Chafe, was a production of Theatre Newfoundland Labrador.
5. Trevor Bennett to Merna Forster, 2011.
6. Green, 16, and modification from Trevor Bennett to Merna Forster, April 23, 2011.
Mary Bibb
1. Afua Cooper, “Black Women and Work in Nineteenth-Century Canada West: Black Woman Teacher Mary Bibb,” in Peggy Bristow, ed., We’re Rooted Here and They Can’t Pull Us Up (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994), 146.
2. Owen Thomas, “Mary and Henry Bibb,” Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada Submission Report — Person, 2002-22, 7.
3. Cooper, 160.
4. Ibid., 157.
5. Thomas, 833.
Georgina Binnie-Clark
1. Georgina Binnie-Clark with introduction by Sarah A. Carter, Wheat and Woman (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007), 300.
2. Ibid., 300.
3. Ibid., l.
4. Ibid., lii.
5. Ibid., xv.
6. Ibid., xli.
Lucie Blackburn
1. Karolyn Smardz Frost, I’ve Got a Home in Glory Land (Toronto: Thomas Allen Publishers, 2007).
2. Ibid., 11.
3. Ibid., 207–08, 221–33.
4. Ibid., 252–53.
5. Ibid., 264–66.
6. Ibid., 353.
7. Ibid., 95.
Fern Blodgett
1. Olive Roeckner, “Pioneer Canadian Wireless YLs,” Radio Amateurs of Canada, www.rac.ca.
2. Fern Sunde, “Mrs. ‘Sparks,’ ” Canadians at War, Reader’s Digest, Vol. 1 (1939/45): 287.
3. Roeckner.
Esther Brandeau
1. B.G. Sack, History of the Jews in Canada, Ralph Novek, trans. (Montreal: Harvest House, 1965), 8.
2. Ibid., 9.
3. Sharon McKay, Esther (Toronto: Penguin Canada, 2004); the theatrical piece is Ribcage: This Wide Passage.
4. Gaston Tisdel, “Esther Brandeau,” DCB, www.biographi.ca.
Rosemary Brown
1. This was Rosemary Brown’s campaign slogan in her 1975 run for leadership of the federal NDP Party. Rosemary Brown, Being Brown (Toronto: Random House, 1989), 180.
2. Brown, 86.
3. Ibid., 133–34.
4. Ibid., 141.
Jennie Butchart
1. Dave Preston, The Story of Butchart Gardens (B.C.: Highline Publishing, 1996), 21.
2. Ibid., 26.
3. Ibid., 42–43.
4. Ibid., 107.
5. Ibid., 191.
6. Alexandra Mosquin, “The Butchart Gardens,” Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada Submission Report — Place, 2004-30, 30.
7. Ibid., 28.
8. Preston, 28.
Ethel Catherwood
1. Ron Hotchkiss, The Matchless Six (Toronto: Tundra Books, 2006), 61.
2. Tom Levine, Evening Telegram in Hotchkiss, 147.
3. Floyd Conner, The Olympics’ Most Wanted (Dulles: Brassey’s, 2001), 37.
Victoria Cheung
1. Jiwu Wang, “His Dominion” and the “Yellow Peril” (Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2006), 46.
2. R.D. Gidney and W.P.J. Millar, “Medical Students at the University of Toronto, 1910–40: A Profile,” CBMH/BCHM, Vol. 13 (1996): 37.
3. Helen G. Day and Kenneth J. Beaton, They Came Through (Toronto: United Church of Canada), 8.
4. Deborah Shulman, “From the Pages of Three Ladies: Canadian Women Missionaries in Republican China” (MA Thesis, Concordia University, 1997).
5. Day and Beaton, 2.
6. Ibid., 3.
7. Donna Sinclair, “Victoria Cheung,” Touchstone, Vol. 11, No. 3 (1993): 42.
Helen Creighton
1. Ian Sclanders, “She’s Collecting Long Lost Songs,” Maclean’s, September 15, 1952: 54.
2. Helen Creighton, A Life in Folklore: Helen Creighton (Toronto: McGraw-Hill, 1975), 1.
Charlotte and Cornelia De Grassi
1. Bill Brioux, “Degrassi: School More of a Grind Than Ever,” Toronto Star, July 17, 2010.
2. Leonard Wise and Allan Gould, Toronto Street Names (Willowdale: Firefly Books, 2000), 74.
3. Charles Sauriol, Remembering the Don (Scarborough: Consolidated Amethyst Communications Inc., 1981), 74.
4. W.L. Mackenzie, Head’s Flag of Truce (1853) in W. Stewart Wallace, “The Story of Charlotte and Cornelia De Grassi,” Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1941, 151.
5. Wallace, 149.
6. Florence Schill, “Cornelia, 13, Gallant Spy in 1837 Rebellion,” Globe and Mail, January 15, 1954.
7. Wallace, 152.
Demasduit
1. Obituary of W.E. Cormack, London Times, September 14, 1829, in Ingeborg Marshall, A History and Ethnography of the Beothuk (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996), 220.
2. Ingeborg Marshall, Presentation to Newfoundland Historical Society, www.mun.ca (accessed September 19, 1996).
3. Ibid.
4. Anonymous, Mercantile Journal, May 27, 1819 in Marshall.
5. David Smyth, “Demasduit and Shanawdithit,” Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada Submission Report — Person 2000-15, 605–06.
6. Ibid., 610.
Flora MacDonald Denison
1. This is how Flora described herself. Deborah Gorham, “Flora MacDonald Denison,” in A Not Unreasonable Claim, Linda Kealey, ed. (Toronto: The Women’s Press, 1979), 51.
2. Michele Lacombe, “Songs of the Open Road: Bon Echo, Urban Utopians, and the Cult of Nature,” Journal of Canadian Studies (1998).
3. Gorham, 51.
4. Ramsay Cook and Michele Lacombe, “Flora MacDonald (Denison) Merrill,” DCB, www.biographi.ca.
5. Philippa Schmiegelow, “Canadian Feminists in the International Arena,” Canadian Woman Studies, Vol. 17, No. 2: 85.
6. Gorham, 58.
7. Ibid., 59.
8. Janice Fiamengo, The Woman’s Page (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008), 175.
Viola Desmond
1. “Negress Alleges She Was Ejected from Theatre,” Halifax Chronicle, November 30, 1946.
2. Constance Backhouse, Colour-Coded (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001), 245.
3. Ibid., 271.
4. “Interview with Wanda Robson,” in Backhouse, 267.
5. Backhouse, 226–71.
6. “Negress Alleges She Was Ejected from Theatre.”
Pauline Donalda
1. Ruth C. Brotman, Pauline Donalda: The Life and Career of a Canadian Prima Donna (Montreal: The Eagle Publishing Co., 1975), 4.
2. Ibid., 17.
3. Ibid., 110.
4. Ibid., 31–32.
Onésime Dorval
1. Diane P. Payment, “Onésime Dorval: ‘la bonne demoiselle,’ ” Saskatchewan History (May 2003): 32.
2. Obituary in StarPhoenix, 1932.
3. Author translation of quote in “Onésime Dorval,” Musée Virtual Francophone de la Saskatchewan.
Allie Vibert Douglas
1. Patrick Vibert Douglas to Merna Forster, October 14, 2010. Her surname was changed from Vibert to Douglas by deed poll in 1914 to recognize the role of the Douglas family.
2. Benjamin F. Shearer and Barbara S. Shearer, eds., Notable Women in the Physical Sciences (Westport and London: Greenwood Press, 1997), 73.
3. Ibid., 74.
4. “CFUW Heroine of the 1940s,” www.cfuw.org.
Mary Two-Axe Early
1. Her last name can be found spelled Early as well as Earley, but her son confirmed that the former is correct.
2. Huguette Dagenais and Denise Piché, Women, Feminism and Development (Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994), 431.
3. Wayne Brown, “Mary Two-Axe Earley: Crusader for Equal Rights for Aboriginal Women,” Electoral Insight, November 2003.
4. Ibid.
5. Janice Kennedy, “A Century of Wrong Put Right,” Ottawa Citizen, July 6, 1991.
6. Ken MacQueen, “Mary Two-Axe Earley’s Final Victory,” Calgary Herald, August 24, 1996.
7. Brown.
Sarah Emma Edmonds
1. Sylvia Dannett, She Rode with the Generals (New York: Thomson Nelson & Sons, 1960), 24.
2. Ibid., 47.
3. Sarah Emma Edmonds, Soldier, Nurse and Spy (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1999), 18.
4. Dannett, 213.
5. Elizabeth D. Leonard, All the Daring of the Soldier (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999), 172.
6. Elizabeth D. Leonard “Introduction” in Sarah Emma Edmonds, Soldier, Nurse and Spy, xiii, and DeAnne Blanton, “Women Soldiers of the Civil War,” Prologue, Spring 1933.
7. Edmonds, 5.
Leone Norwood Farrell
1. Rita Daly, “Toronto’s Unknown Polio Soldier,” Toronto Star, April 17, 2005.
2. Ibid.
3. Paul Engleman, “Polio’s Unsung Hero,” Rotary Canada (April 2010).
4. Daly.
5. Harry Black, Canadian Scientists and Inventors (Markham: Pembroke Publishers, 2008).
6. Daly.
7. Dr. Leone Farrell, “Medical Research by Non-Medical Graduates,” Panel Discussion for Women’s Club, 1959, Sanofi Pasteur Archives (Toronto).
Faith Fenton
1. Sandra Gabriele, “Gendered Mobility, the Nation and the Woman’s Page,” Journalism, Vol. 7 (2006), 174–96.
2. Jill Downie, A Passionate Pen (Toronto: HarperCollins, 1996), 101.
3. Men and Women of the Day (1898) in Downie, 3.
4. Downie, 281.
5. Ibid., 2.
6. Ibid., 295.
Joan Bamford Fletcher
1. The Cinema Guild, promotional page for “Women of Courage: Untold Stories of WWII.”
2. “Award for Woman Who Led Japs,” The Straits Times (Singapore), November 10, 1946.
3. Ruth Wright Millar, Saskatchewan Heroes & Rogues (Regina: Coteau Books, 2004), 140.
4. The Cinema Guild.
5. Millar, 141.
Lillian Freiman
1. Brigitte Violette, “Lillian Bilsky Freiman (1885–1940),” Commission des lieux et monuments historiques du Canada rapport au feuilleton — personne, 2007-35, 5.
2. Ibid., 13, and Lawrence Freiman, Don’t Fall off the Rocking Horse (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1978), 38–39.
3. Gerald Tulchinsky, Branching Out: The Transformation of the Canadian Jewish Community (Toronto: Stoddart, 1998), 44, cited in Violette, 11.
4. Canadian Jewish Congress Archives.
5. Hadassah is the Hebrew name for the bibilical heroine Esther.
6. Violette, 14.
7. Gerald Tulchinsky, Taking Root: The Origins of the Canadian Jewish Community (Toronto: Lester Publishing Ltd., 1992), 202.
8. Bernard Figler, Lillian and Archie Freiman Biographies (Montreal: Northern Printing, 1962), 149.
Alexandrine Gibb
1. M. Ann Hall, “Alexandrine Gibb: In ‘No Man’s Land of Sport,’ ” International Journal of the History of Sport 18: 1, 151.
2. “Leader in Girls’ Sport Movement,” Toronto Star Weekly, March 31, 1928, in Hall: 149.
3. L. Marsh, “With Pick and Shovel,” Toronto Daily Star, September 8, 1934, in Hall: 163.
4. Hall: 156.
5. Ibid.: 168.
6. Bruce Kidd, “Forgotten Foremother: Alexandrine Gibb,” CAAWS Action Bulletin, Winter 1994.
7. A. Gibb, “No Man’s Land of Sport,” May 1, 1937, 17, cited in Hall: 155.
Hilwie Hamdon