Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Dubliners (Barnes & Noble Classics Series)

by James Joyce

  gl Place where, in the Bible (Joel 3), it is prophesied that God will judge all nations.

  gm Four among the epithets and titles of Jesus Christ.

  gn Quotation from Matthew 25:41 (Douay version).

  go Critic and essayist Joseph Addison (1672-1719).

  gp The text is from I Corinthians 15:55, though the priest here quotes it in the version of Alexander Pope (1688-1744), in “The Dying Christian to His Soul.”

  gq From Newman’s “The Glories of Mary.”

  gr Allusion to the biblical flood described in Genesis 7-8.

  gs See Isaiah 14:12. The most extensive account of Lucifer’s pride and fall, and the basis for much of this sermon, is in John Milton’s Paradise Lost (1667).

  gt Gallows.

  gu Narrow

  gv (1034-1109); Italian churchman.

  gw An allusion to Daniel 3.

  gx Burning sulphur.

  gy (1221-1274); professor of theology, general of the Franciscans, and cardinal.

  gz (1347-1380); Italian mystic.

  ha Reference to I Corinthians 6:19.

  hb Coastal village 9 miles north of Dublin.

  hc Reference to Psalm 30:23 (Douay version) or the equivalent Psalm 31:22 (King James version).

  hd The devotional book The Spiritual Exercises (1548) was written by Saint Ignatius Loyola (see note on p. 42).

  he Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), eminent medieval Christian theologian.

  hf Pope from 1198 to 1216.

  hg Augustine of Hippo (A.D. 354-430), the most important of the early Church fathers, wrote The City of God.

  hh Prayer beginning: “Oh my God, I am heartily sorry for having offended Thee....”

  hi From Newman’s “The Glories of Mary.”

  hj Slovenly.

  hk Church Street chapel is run by members of the Capuchin order, who wear a brown robe with a cowl.

  hl Believers who have come to repent of their sins.

  hm An allusion to Matthew 11:29-30: “And you shall find rest to your souls. For my yoke is sweet and my burden light” (Douay version).

  hn Confession typically begins with these words: “Forgive me, Father, for I have sinned.”

  ho Formal forgiveness of sins.

  hp Cup or chalice containing the host, the body of Christ, in the Eucharist.

  hq Participant in the rite of Holy Communion.

  hr The body of our Lord (Latin).

  hs The bread (or wafer) representing the body of Christ in the Eucharist.

  ht In everlasting life (Latin).

  hu In Christian theology, the three persons of the godhead: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost).

  hv Underground tombs connected by tunnels.

  hw An abundance, or surplus, of good works.

  hx A chaplet is one-third of a full rosary of fifteen decades (a decade is ten Hail Marys).

  hy Derived from Isaias 11:2-3, the gifts are wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety (godliness), and fear of the Lord.

  hz The Holy Spirit.

  ia Brushing with a broom.

  ib (1696-1787); he founded a missionary movement, the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (the Redemptorists), and wrote several devotional books.

  ic The collection of Old Testament love poetry also known as the Song of Songs or the Song of Solomon.

  id Mountain, near Lebanon, referred to in the Canticles.

  ie He shall lie betwixt my breasts (Latin); from Song of Solomon (Canticle of Canticles) 1:12 (Douay version) or 1:13 (King James version).

  if Places, such as monasteries or convents, of religious seclusion.

  ig The skirts (French).

  ih Dublin suburb on the southern coast, 5½ miles from downtown.

  ii Failure.

  ij Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800-1859), English historian and man of letters.

  ik A redundant statement; by definition all mortal sins are deliberate.

  il (1802-1885); French romantic writer, author of Les Misérables (1862).

  im (1813-1883); French journalist and political activist.

  in A calling to the priesthood.

  io In Matthew 16:18-19, Jesus gives to Peter, the first priest of the church and first pope, “the keys to the kingdom of heaven.”

  ip Go, you are dismissed (Latin).

  iq His sin, now called “simony” after him, involved the selling of spiritual blessings.

  ir Compare the novel’s opening epigraph from Ovid.

  is An allusion to I Corinthians 11:29.

  it Reference to Hebrews 7:17-21.

  iu A nine-day devotion.

  iv Living quarters of the novices of a religious order.

  iw Society of Jesus (the Jesuits).

  ix River on the north side of Dublin.

  iy Poem by Irish poet Thomas Moore (1779-1852).

  iz From An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent (1870), by John Henry Cardinal Newman (see endnote 8).

  ja A pub, licensed for the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages.

  jb Community at the far northeastern reaches of Dublin.

  jc Either North Bull Island, in the mouth of the River Liffey; or the seawall that encloses it; or both.

  jd From Newman’s The Idea of a University (1873).

  je Community northeast of Clontarf.

  jf A near-quotation from Hugh Miller’s The Testimony of the Rocks; or, Geology in Its Bearings on the Two Theologies, Natural and Revealed (1857).

  jg Tapestry.

  jh Locale in Dublin that was the Scandinavian seat of law.

  ji Crown or wreath (Greek).

  jj Loosely belted, single-breasted coat.

  jk Garland-bearing ox! Ox-souled! (Greek).

  jl Medieval Dublin was ruled by the Danes.

  jm Epithet for Stephen’s legendary Greek “father,” Dædalus.

  jn Another epithet for Dædalus.

  jo Graveclothes.

  jp The Hill of Howth, the geographical landmark framing the north side of Dublin Bay.

  jq Articles that the Dedalus family has pawned: “buskins” are boots; “articles and white” are undergarments.

  jr That is, God; an example of the Irish strategy of “dodging the curse,” substituting an innocuous word for a profane or irreligious one.

  js (1862-1946); German dramatist, novelist, and poet.

  jt Mudflats where the Tolka River empties into Dublin Bay.

  ju (c.1255-1300); Italian poet and friend of Dante.

  jv Norwegian realist playwright Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906); Joyce’s first published work was a review in 1900 of Ibsen’s play When We Dead Awaken.

  jw From The Vision of Delight (1617), by English playwright Jonson (1572-1637).

  jx Aristotle’s texts Poetics and De Anima.

  jy A Synopsis of the Scholastic Philosophy for the Understanding of Saint Thomas (Latin).

  jz Billboards.

  ka The jeweler Hopkins & Hopkins was located at the comer of Sackville Street (now O’Connell Street) and Eden Quay.

  kb St. Stephen’s Green, a public park bordered by the Grafton Street shopping area on the north and University College Dublin on the south.

  kc “Ivory” in French, Italian, and Latin.

  kd India sends ivory (Latin).

  ke Pieces of broken pottery.

  kf Backbone of an animal, used in cooking.

  kg The orator summarizes, the poet-prophets transform in their verses (Latin); from Emmanuel Alvarez’s book of Latin grammar.

  kh With such great discrimination (Latin).

  ki Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65-8 B.C.), important Roman poet and satirist.

  kj Plant related to verbena, with elongated stalks of fragrant flowers.

  kk Trinity College, Dublin (also called the University of Dublin), the Protestant university founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I.

  kl Thomas Moore (1779-1852), author of the perennially popular Irish Melodies.

  km In Irish lege
nd, the Firbolgs were early inhabitants of Ireland, from around the fourth century B.C.

  kn Successors to the Firbolgs as rulers of Ireland.

  ko Founder of the Gaelic Athletic Association (1884), dedicated to the revival of traditional Irish sport in Ireland.

  kp Reference to the nightly curfews imposed in rural Ireland by the British during periods of Irish nationalist unrest.

  kq The Fenian Brotherhood, founded in 1858 by James Stephens; a revolutionary group dedicated to winning Irish independence; forerunner of the Irish Republican Army (I.R.A.).

  kr A play on the Irish “wild geese,” expatriate Irish political figures.

  ks Irish game similar to field hockey and lacrosse.

  kt Two local, semi-professional teams.

  ku Swing.

  kv Or “hurley,” the hurling equivalent of a hockey stick.

  kw Thing (Anglo-Irish).

  kx 5 miles east-southeast from Buttevant.

  ky Davin describes a route leading north from Buttevant.

  kz First sale of the day.

  la Boisterous.

  lb (1763-1798); Irish revolutionary and a founder of the United Irishmen, an early republican group; he was instrumental in the failed rising (insurrection) of 1798, for which he was put to death.

  lc Long Live Ireland (French).

  ld Two late-eighteenth-century characters associated with University College.

  le Assistant in the Temple.

  lf Clothing set by canon law for officiating at mass.

  lg Ornamental priestly garment.

  lh The beautiful are those things that, being seen, please (Latin).

  li The good is that toward which the appetite tends (Latin).

  lj Like an old man’s walking stick (Latin).

  lk Two-week period.

  ll On the western coast of Ireland, south of Galway.

  lm (c. A.D. 55-c.135); Greek stoic philosopher; in his Discourses, he likened the soul to

  a bowl of water.

  ln From Newman’s “The Glories of Mary.”

  lo Working-class neighborhood 2 miles from Dublin’s city center.

  lp Various sects that rebelled from the central control over dogma exercised by the Catholic Church.

  lq Practices and beliefs distinguishing various sects from the Church.

  lr Matthew; see Matthew 9:9.

  ls Lack of food and water.

  lt Through rough ways to the stars (Latin).

  lu Loud volley of applause produced by hands or feet.

  lv Horseracing track northwest of the city.

  lw Parody of language on baptism in the catechism.

  lx From Gilbert and Sullivan’s comic opera The Mikado (1885).

  ly American chemist.

  lz Moynihan plays on the call of a pub owner at closing time.

  ma I have (dog Latin).

  mb What? (Latin).

  mc For universal peace (Latin).

  md Russian Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918; ruled 1894-1917) initiated an international

  petition for peace that resulted in the Hague Peace Conference (1899).

  me Drunken.

  mf I believe you are a bloody liar because your face shows you are in a damned bad humour (dog Latin).

  mg Who is in a bad humour, you or me? (dog Latin).

  mh William Thomas Stead (1849-1912), English journalist.

  mi Karl Marx (1818-1883) maintained that class conflict was inevitable.

  mj Practical joke.

  mk Anthony Collins (1676-1729), English theologian.

  ml Lottie Collins was a late-nineteenth-century music-hall performer, whose bestknown number was “Tra-Ra-Ra-Boom-De-Ay.”

  mm That is, they are betting 5 shillings on each possible outcome.

  mn Peace all over this bloody globe (dog Latin).

  mo Let’s go play handball (dog Latin).

  mp Abbreviation for “matriculation,” or first-year, class.

  mq Reading through a daily selection of prayers and devotions.

  mr (1712-1778); French philosopher and writer who influenced the Romantics.

  ms On the spot (dog Latin).

  mt Insignificant person.

  mu The Irish name for the Fenians (see note on p. 159).

  mv Only those Jesuits who are ordained priests are properly addressed as “father”; others are called simply “mister.”

  mw Litter of pigs.

  mx According to Aristotle in the Poetics, pity and terror are proper concerns of tragedy; through the spectators’ vicarious participation in the story, they are purged of these emotions.

  my Horse-drawn carriage.

  mz A plaster copy of this statue was, at the time, on display in the National Museum, adjacent to the National Library.

  na Order founded in the twelfth century at Mount Carmel, Palestine.

  nb Although Plato makes assertions similar to this in both Phaedrus and Symposium, Joyce came upon the remark in one of Gustave Flaubert’s letters.

  nc Published in 1859 by Charles Darwin (1809-1882), the book establishes the concept of natural selection as the guiding factor in human evolution.

  nd Horse-drawn cart for hauling goods.

  ne Tell, my tongue, of the glory ... (Latin).

  nf “The Banners of the King Advance” (Latin), by Italian poet Venantius Fortunatus (c.540-c.600).

  ng Fulfilled is all that David told / In true prophetic song of old / Amidst the nations, God, saith he, / Hath reigned and triumphed from the Tree (Latin); this is the second stanza of “VexiUa Regis.”

  nh Park south of Dublin.

  ni Allusion to Shelley’s “A Defence of Poetry” (1821).

  nj Galvani (1737-1798) used the phrase to describe a physiological process witnessed during experimentation on frogs.

  nk (1777-1858); the notoriously ugly bust of this Dublin surgeon has since been removed.

  nl Street ballad from the early eighteenth century.

  nm Lawn beside the Duke of Leinster’s house, in the same block as the National Library and the National Museum.

  nn Founded in 1785 to promote the study of letters and sciences.

  no Mindless labor; “cramming.”

  np I believe that the life of the poor is simply awful, simply bloody awful, in Liverpool (dog Latin).

  nq The archangel who will herald the Last Judgment; he announced to the Virgin Mary that she was pregnant with Jesus, conceived by the Holy Spirit (Luke 1:26-38).

  nr Member of the seraphim, the highest order of angels.

  ns Poem usually comprising five tercets followed by a quatrain, based on two rhymes.

  nt Color illustration of Jesus, heart exposed, in token of His love for humankind.

  nu “Ballad of Agincourt” (1605), a poem by Michael Drayton that recalls English King Henry V’s victory over the French in 1415.

  nv Imprisoned in the thirteenth century for heresy.

  nw Ballad by the popular Michael William Balfe (1808-1870).

  nx Small village in County Galway

  ny A lay is a simple narrative poem or song

  nz Walking stick.

  oa Omen.

  ob Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (1486-1535), German physician, philosopher, and occultist.

  oc Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772), Swedish scientist and mystic.

  od Flexible twigs used for wicker work.

  oe Scribe of the Egyptian gods; depicted with the head of an ibis.

  of From Irish writer W. B. Yeats’s play The Countess Cathleen, which on May 8,1899, opened the new national theater, the Irish Literary Theatre (which in 1904 became the Abbey Theatre); many in the audience thought the play was “anti-Irish,” and a loud protest ensued.