December 1941

by Craig Shirley

  71. Associated Press, “1500 Dead In Hawaii,” Boston Evening Globe, December 8, 1941, 1.

  72. Associated Press, “Manila Planes Roar North,” New York Times, December 8, 1941, 5.

  73. Hedley Donovan, “Aid to Allies Won’t Falter, U.S. Pledges,” Washington Post, December 9, 1941, 1.

  74. United Press, “Latest War Bulletins,” Los Angeles Times, December 8, 1941, 1.

  75. Louis P. Lochner, “Nazis Try to Put Blame on Roosevelt,” Washington Post, December 9, 1941, 14;

  76. Associated Press, “Germans, Blaming Roosevelt, Silent on Aid to Japanese,” Los Angeles Times, December 9, 1941, 4.

  77. New York Times, “The International Situation,” May 28, 1941, 1.

  78. Frank L. Kluchkhohn, “Fifth Column Curb,” New York Times, June 17, 1941, 1.

  79. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt Says Date of Attack in Pacific Will Live in Infamy,” Washington Evening Star, December 1941, 1; Washington Post, “Roosevelt Message to Be Broadcast,” December 8, 1941, 27.

  80. Associated Press, “Oakland Schools Closed as Air Raid Precaution,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A4.

  81. Honolulu Star-Bulletin, December 7, 1941, 1.

  82. Associated Press, “Markets at a Glance,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A1.

  83. New York Times, “A Pause on the Stock Exchange to Listen to The President,” December 9, 1941, 53.

  84. Washington Evening Star, “Tense Throng Fills Grounds as President Goes to Capitol,” December 8, 1941, 1.

  85. C.P. Trussel, “Congress Decided,” New York Times, December 8, 1941, 1.

  86. Washington Post, “Roosevelt Message to Be Broadcast,” December 8, 1941, 27.

  87. James B. Reston, “History Is Heard: Studies Here as President Asked for Declaration of War,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 5.

  88. James B. Reston, “History Is Heard: Studies Here as President Asked for Declaration of War,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 5.

  89. Frank L. Kluckhohns, “Unity in Congress,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 1.

  90. Robert C. Albright, “Calm Congress Accepts Challenge with But One Dissenting Vote; Long Ovation Given President; Packed Galleries Applaud Speech,” Washington Post, December 9, 1941, 1.

  91. James B. Reston, “History Is Heard: Studies Here as President Asked for Declaration of War,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 5.

  92. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt Says Date of Attack in Pacific Will Live in Infamy,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A1.

  93. Time, “The U.S. At War: National Ordeal,” December 15, 1941, 18.

  94. Time, “The U.S. At War: National Ordeal,” December 15, 1941, 18.

  95. Associated Press, “Aids Twice in War Steps,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 5.

  96. Birmingham (AL) News, “No Man’s Land in Washington,” December 14, 1941, 1.

  97. F. R. Kent, Jr., “Notables Pack Capitol for War Declaration,” Baltimore Sun, December 9, 1941, 2.

  98. Time, “The U.S. At War: National Ordeal,” December 15, 1941, 18.

  99. Associated Press, “Administration Foes Issue Calls for Unity in War on Japan,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A8.

  100. Louis M. Lyons, “Again a U.S. President Asks for Declaration of War,” Boston Daily Globe, December 8, 1941, 20; F. R. Kent, Jr., “Notables Pack Capitol for War Declaration,” Baltimore Sun, December 9, 1941, 2.

  101. Louis M. Lyons, “Again a U.S. President Asks for Declaration of War,” Boston Daily Globe, December 8, 1941, 20; Charles Mercer, “Service Chiefs, Envoys Attend Joint Session,” Washington Post, December 9, 1941, 2.

  102. Mona Dugas, “Wives of Cabinet Members and Diplomats Fill Gallery to Hear War Declaration,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, B3.

  103. James B. Reston, “History Is Heard: Studies Here as President Asked for Declaration of War,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 5.

  104. Alistair Cooke, The American Home Front: 1941–1942 (New York: Grove Press, 2007), 12.

  105. Alistair Cooke, The American Home Front: 1941–1942 (New York: Grove Press, 2007), 13.

  106. James B. Reston, “History Is Heard: Studies Here as President Asked for Declaration of War,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 5.

  107. Louis M. Lyons, “Again a U.S. President Asks for Declaration of War,” Boston Daily Globe, December 8, 1941, 20.

  108. Franklin D. Roosevelt, “To The Congress of the United States,” The White House, December 8, 1941, Collection Grace Tully Archive, Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, Hyde Park, NY.

  109. The United States National Archives and Records Administration, “Teaching With Documents: ‘A Date Which Will Live in Infamy,’” http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/day-of-infamy/.

  110. Ron Powers, Dangerous Water: A Biography of the Boy Who Became Mark Twain (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2001), 174.

  111. Lyle C. Wilson, “Senate’s Vote Unanimous; House Ballots 388 to 1. Victory Pledged,” Pittsburgh (PA) Post-Gazette, December 8, 1941, 1.

  112. Louis M. Lyons, “Again a U.S. President Asks for Declaration of War,” Boston Daily Globe, December 8, 1941, 20.

  113. Gould Lincoln, “Jeannette Rankin Casts Only Vote Against War,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A2.

  114. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt Says Date of Attack in Pacific Will Live in Infamy,” Washington Evening Star, December 1941, 1.

  115. Chesly Manly, “Congress Votes War on Japan in Speedy Session,” Chicago Tribune, December 9, 1941, 7.

  116. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt Says Date of Attack in Pacific Will Live in Infamy,” Washington Evening Star, December 1941, 1.

  117. Gould Lincoln, “Jeannette Rankin Casts Only Vote Against War,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A2.

  118. Gould Lincoln, “Jeannette Rankin Casts Only Vote Against War,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A2; F. R. Kent, Jr., “Notables Pack Capitol for War Declaration,” Baltimore Sun, December 9, 1941, 2.

  119. Boston Daily Globe, “388 to 1,” December 9, 1941, 18; Louis M. Lyons, “War Declared Swiftly After F.D. Speaks,” December 9, 1941, 1.

  120. F. R. Kent, Jr., “Notables Pack Capitol for War Declaration,” Baltimore Sun, December 9, 1941, 2.

  121. Ruth Cowan, “Republican Women Happy Over Victory,” Washington Post, November 5, 1942, 4.

  122. Associated Press, “55 Who Missed Vote on War Declaration All Approved It,” Washington Evening Star, December 9, 1941, A2.

  123. New York Times, “The President Signs the Declaration of War,” December 9, 1941, 1; Washington Post, “Rep. Rankin Again Votes Against War,” December 9, 1941, 2.

  124. New York Times, “Four-Hour Chronology of Declaration of War,” December 9, 1941, 3.

  125. James B. Reston, “History Is Heard: Studies Here as President Asked for Declaration of War,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 5.

  126. Time, “The U.S. at War: National Ordeal,” December 15, 1941, 18.

  127. Washington Evening Star, “Recruiting Offices Here Crowded With Men Eager to Enlist,” December 8, 1941, B1.

  128. Washington Evening Star, “Recruiting Offices Here Crowded With Men Eager to Enlist,” December 8, 1941, B1.

  129. Washington Evening Star, “Senator Chandler Volunteers for Army Duty,” December 8, 1941, B1.

  130. Atlanta Constitution, “Women Offered Defense Courses,” December 8, 1941, 12.

  131. Associated Press, “Ted Williams Is Still Rated in Class 3-A,” Atlanta Constitution, December 8, 1941, 17.

  132. Associated Press, “Hundreds of Women Offer Services for Defense Work,” Baltimore Sun, December 9, 1941, 4.

  133. C. P. Trussell, “Unanimous Senate Acts in 15 Minutes,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 6.

  134. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “FDR: Day by Day—The Pare Lorentz Chronology,” December 8, 1941; John C. Henry, “White House Indicates War
Crisis Is ‘Bigger’ Than Clash in Orient,” Washington Evening Star, December 9, 1941, 1X.

  135. Associated Press, “Emergency at San Francisco,” New York Times, December 8, 1941, 6.

  136. Los Angeles Times, “Jap Boat Flashes Messages Ashore,” December 8, 1941, 6.

  137. Boston Globe, “U.S. Government at the Panama Canal,” December 8, 1941, 2.

  138. Christian Science Monitor, “Outbreak of War Halts Strikes in New England Area,” December 8, 1941, 2.

  139. Christian Science Monitor, “Harvard’s Role in Country at War Topic of Meeting,” December 8, 1941, 2.

  140. Associated Press, “Arrest of Japs Dangerous to U.S. Ordered,” Atlanta Constitution, December 8, 1941, 1.

  141. Washington Evening Star, “F. B. I. Rounding Up Japanese Citizens Throughout Nation,” December 8, 1941, B1.

  142. Associated Press, “Arrest of Japs Dangerous to U.S. Ordered,” Atlanta Constitution, December 8, 1941, 1.

  143. Washington Evening Star, “F. B. I. Rounding Up Japanese Citizens Throughout Nation,” December 8, 1941, B1.

  144. Baltimore Sun, “Judge Denies Citizenship to 34 Aliens,” December 9, 1941, 28.

  145. New York Times, “Japan, U.S. Close 88 Years Peace,” December 8, 1941, 2.

  146. Washington Evening Star, “F. B. I. Rounding Up Japanese Citizens Throughout Nation,” December 8, 1941, B1.

  147. Associated Press, “Japanese Firms Grabbed by U.S,” Spokesman-Review (WA), December 9, 1941, 2.

  148. Associated Press, “U.S. Takes Over All Japanese Businesses and Funds, Rounds Up Nearly 1000 Nationals,” Washington Post, December 9, 1941, 8.

  149. Associated Press, “Morgenthau’s Order Bans Communication With Japan or ‘Allies,’” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A9.

  150. Associated Press, “Communicating or Trading with Japanese Barred,” Washington Post, December 8, 1941, 9; Associated Press, “U.S. Takes Over All Japanese Businesses and Funds, Rounds Up Nearly 1000 Nationals,” Washington Post, December 9, 1941, 8.

  151. New York Times, “Japan’s Holdings Here Impounded,” December 8, 1941, 7.

  152. Associated Press, “Morgenthau Bans Dealings with Japanese,” Baltimore Sun, December 8, 1941, 3.

  153. Los Angeles Times, “Little Tokyo Banks and Concerns Shut,” December 9, 1941, 4.

  154. Los Angeles Times, “Little Tokyo Carries on Business as Usual,” December 8, 1941, 2.

  155. Los Angeles Times, “Troops Rush to Posts Here,” December 8, 1941, 4.

  156. Washington Evening Star, “Washington Quickly Turned Into a Wartime Capital,” December 8, 1941, B14.

  157. Boston Daily Globe, “Navy in New England Switches to War Basis,” December 8, 1941, 6; Boston Evening Globe, “Antisabotage Moves by F. B. I. and Timilty,” December 8, 1941, 5.

  158. Boston Daily Globe, “America First Undecided About Lindbergh Rally,” December 8, 1941, 16.

  159. New York Times, “Isolation Groups Back Roosevelt,” December 9, 1941, 44; Washington Post, “‘Forced Upon, We Must Fight,’ Hoover Says,” December 8, 1941, 15; Associated Press, “America First Backs War, Says Gen. Wood en Route to Boston,” Boston Daily Globe, December 8, 1941, 19; New York Times, “‘No Choice,’ Says Landon” December 8, 1941, 6.

  160. United Press, “U. S. Provoked War, Nye Says,” Washington Post, December 8, 1941, 8; Time, “The U.S. at War: Man Without a Cause,” December 15, 1941, 19.

  161. Associated Press, “War Fails to Halt Anti-War Rally,” Baltimore Sun, December 9, 1941, 28.

  162. Boston Daily Globe, “Cancel Permits for Ships Leaving Boston for Abroad,” December 8, 1941, 15; Boston Daily Globe, “Railroads Won’t Sell Japs Tickets,” December 8, 1941, 15.

  163. New York Times, “Entire City Put on War Footing,” December 8, 1941, 1.

  164. John MacCormac, “Tax Rise Hinted by Morgenthau,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 35.

  165. New York Times, “Navy Acts Here to Guard Coast,” December 8, 1941, 7.

  166. New York Times, “Entire City Put on War Footing,” December 8, 1941, 1.

  167. Associated Press, “First Casualty List in War With Japan,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A2.

  168. Associated Press, “Wave After Wave of Japanese Planes Attack Hawaii,” Washington Evening Star, December 9, 1941, A5.

  169. New York Times, “Drastic Control Marks War News,” December 9, 1941, 7.

  170. Associated Press, “Large U.S. Losses Clamed by Japan,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 1; Washington Evening Star, “‘Dim Out’ Is Tasted by Capital But ‘Don’t Walk’ Signs Glow,” December 8, 1941, A14; Washington Evening Star, “Nearby Communities Organize to Guard Against Sabotage,” December 8, 1941, B1.

  171. Associated Press, “Lindbergh Asks United Stand in War Effort,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A1; Boston Daily Globe, “Lindbergh Silent; All Callers Barred at Vineyard Estate,” December 8, 1941, 7.

  172. Associated Press, “America First Urges All-Out Hostilities Against Japanese,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, B23.

  173. Washington Evening Star, “The Christmas Campaign,” December 8, 1941, A2.

  174. Washington Evening Star, “National Airport Goes on Virtual Wartime Basis,” December 8, 1941, A9.

  175. Washington Evening Star, “Nearby Communities Organize to Guard Against Sabotage,” December 8, 1941, B1.

  176. Washington Evening Star, “‘Dim Out’ Is Tasted by Capital But ‘Don’t Walk’ Signs Glow,” December 8, 1941, A14.

  177. Washington Evening Star, “Mrs. Roosevelt Challenges Women in War Crisis,” December 8, 1941, A14.

  178. Washington Post, “With All Uncertainty Gone, We’re Ready, First Lady Says,” December 8, 1941, 5.

  179. Associated Press, “G. M. on War Basis,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A4.

  180. Associated Press, “Welders Rescind Order Calling Off Nation-Wide Strike,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A4.

  181. Associated Press, “Patterson Requests Munition Productions On 24-Hour Basis,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, B23.

  182. Associated Press, “45th’s Only Japanese Soldier in Guardhouse,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A11.

  183. Associated Press, “West Coast Musters Emergency Strength for Possible Attack,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A12.

  184. Associated Press, “Canal Zone Guarded, Panama to Intern All Japanese Residents,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A12.

  185. Associated Press, “Emergency at San Francisco,” New York Times, December 8, 1941, 6; Associated Press, “Private Planes Except Airliners Are Grounded,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, B1.

  186. Associated Press, “West Coast Musters Emergency Strength for Possible Attack,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A12.

  187. Los Angeles Times, “City Springs to Attention,” December 8, 1941, 1.

  188. New York Times, “West Coast Acts for War Defense,” December 8, 1941, 6; Los Angeles Times, “Port Black-Out Ordered by Navy,” December 8, 1941, 1C.

  189. Los Angeles Times, “City’s Airfield Blacked Out,” December 8, 1941, 1E.

  190. Los Angeles Times, “Terminal Island Isolated as Defense Precaution,” December 8, 1941, 1F.

  191. Washington Evening Star, “500 Radio Amateurs in Washington Area Silenced by War,” December 8, 1941, B18.

  192. Garnett D. Horner, “Final Japanese Note, Flouting U. S. Offer, Rouses Hull’s Anger,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A3.

  193. Associated Press, “Secretary Hull’s Statement, U.S. Note of Nov. 26 and Japan’s Reply,” New York Times, December 8, 1941, 10.

  194. Garnett D. Horner, “Final Japanese Note, Flouting U. S. Offer, Rouses Hull’s Anger,” Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1941, A3.

  195. Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull in Two Volumes Volume II (New York: The McMillan Company, 1948), 1095.

>   196. Time, “The U.S. At War, In Mr. Hull’s Office,” December 15, 1941, 26.

  197. Corbis Images, “Ambassadors Nomura and Kurusu on December 7, 1941,” http://www.corbisimages.com/stock-photo/rights-managed/NA008645/ambassadors-nomura-and-kurusu-on-december-7.

  198. Washington Evening Star, “Japan’s War Declaration,” December 8, 1941, A11.

  199. New York Times, “Entire City Put on War Footing,” December 8, 1941, 1.

  200. Hanson W. Baldwin, “War of the World,” New York Times, December 8, 1941, 7.

  201. Edward T. Folliard, “Hawaii Attacked Without Warning with Heavy Loss; Philippines Are Bombed,” Washington Post, December 8, 1941, 1.

  202. New York Times, “Entire City Put on War Footing,” December 8, 1941, 1.

  203. Associated Press, “3,000 Killed and Hurt in Jap Attack on Hawaii; Two U.S. Warships Sunk,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 8, 1941, 1.

  204. Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), 289.

  205. Peter Grier, “Pearl Harbor Day: How FDR Reacted on December 7, 1941,” Christian Science Monitor, December 7, 2010, http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/1207/Pearl-Harbor-day-How-FDR-reacted-on-December-7-1941.

  206. Los Angeles Times, “Death Sentence of a Mad Dog,” December 8, 1941, A; New York Times, “Newspapers Call for Meeting Foe,” December 8, 1941, 5.

  207. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “Guam Bombed; Army Ship Is Sunk,” New York Times, December 8, 1941, 1.

  208. Atlanta Constitution, “Comment Here Flare Against Move by Japan,” December 8, 1941, 2.

  209. Editorial, “Death Sentence of a Mad Dog,” Los Angeles Times, December 8, 1941, A.

  CHAPTER 9: THE NINTH OF DECEMBER

  1. Associated Press, “New York Has Two Air Raid Alarms; Planes Reported Near; Hostile Aircraft Said to Be Flying Toward East Coast,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 9, 1941, 1.

  2. New York Times, “City Nonchalant as Sirens Wail,” December 10, 1941, 14.

  3. New York Times, “City Nonchalant as Sirens Wail,” December 10, 1941, 14.

  4. New York Times, “2 False Air ‘Raids’ Upset New Yorkers,” December 10, 1941, 14.