Pearls before Poppies
Page 29
10 Information from Sir Arthur Stanley’s speech at the launch of the Pearl Appeal, reported in The Queen, The Lady’s Newspaper, 30 March 1918.
11 Gregory, p.148.
12 Gregory, pp.148–49.
13 ‘Letters of Eve’, Tatler, 16 January 1918, p.72.
14 Jeremy Paxman, Great Britain’s Great War (London: Penguin, 2014) p.93.
15 Tom Clarke, My Northcliffe Diary (London: Victor Gollancz, 1931) pp.200–01.
16 Reginald Pound and Geoffrey Harmsworth, Northcliffe (London: Cassell, 1959) p.224.
17 Ibid., p.225.
18 Ibid., p.225.
19 ‘Here and There’, The Sketch, 17 April 1918.
20 Niall Ferguson, The Pity of War (London: Penguin Books, 1999) p.244.
21 Pound and Harmsworth, p.518.
22 Gary S. Messinger, British Propaganda and the State in the First World War (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992) p.154.
23 Pound and Harmsworth, p.510.
24 Pound and Harmsworth, p.621.
25 Frances Dimond, ‘Princess Victoria (1868–1935)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004–14).
26 Diana Souhami, Mrs Keppel and her Daughter (London: St Martin’s Press/Hachette, 2013).
27 Ibid.
28 ‘Lady Sarah Wilson and the Red Cross’, BlenheimPalace.com.
29 Tom Clarke, p.102.
30 Michael and Eleanor Brock (eds), Margot Asquith’s Great War Diary 1914–1916: The View From Downing Street (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014) p.149.
31 Paul Ferris, The House of Northcliffe: The Harmsworths of Fleet Street (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971) p.201.
32 ‘Life-Saving Pearls’, The Times, 13 March 1918, p.9.
33 ‘Pearls for the Red Cross’, The Queen, 30 March 1918, p.363.
34 Niall Ferguson, p.243.
CHAPTER TWO
1 ‘The Countess of Cromer’, The Queen, 30 March 1918, p.1.
2 ‘Pearls for the Red Cross’, The Queen, 30 March 1918, p.363.
3 Beatriz Chadour-Sampson and Hubert Bari, Pearls (London: V&A Publishing, 2013) p.103.
4 Beatriz Chadour-Sampson and Hubert Bari, p.115.
5 Ibid.
6 ‘Princess Mary Sets the Fashion’, Yorkshire Evening Post, 13 June 1913, p.6.
7 Jane Mulvagh, Costume Jewellery in Vogue (London: Thames and Hudson, 1988) pp.22, 37.
8 Peter Hart, 1918: A Very British Victory (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2008) p.104.
9 Lyn MacDonald, p.274.
10 For a full account of the situation in 1918 see Jeremy Paxman, pp.252–54.
11 Quoted in Paul Cornish, p.214.
12 ‘Crowns Coronets Courtiers’, The Sketch, 20 March 1918, p.246.
13 For a full description of that fateful night see Angela Young’s article ‘Titanic’s Secret Saviour’, You magazine, The Mail on Sunday, 12 April 2015, pp.44–47.
14 Quoted in Stephanie Barczewski, Titanic One Hundredth Anniversary Edition: A Night Remembered (London: A&C Black, 2011).
15 Walter Lord, A Night to Remember (Open Road Media. 6 March 2012).
16 ‘Countess of Rothes to Visit Fraserburgh’, Aberdeen Journal, 19 July 1915, p.4.
17 Fife Free Press and Kirkcaldy Guardian, 2 April 1927.
18 Dundee Courier, 10 August 1915, p.7.
19 A. Wallis Myers, Captain Anthony Wilding (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1916) p.5.
20 Ibid., p.237.
21 ‘Tea Table Talk’, Sunderland Daily Echo, 14 June 1916, p.4.
22 ‘Literary and Dramatic Notes’, Western Daily Press, 17 January 1914, p.7.
23 Catherine Bailey, The Secret Rooms: A Castle Filled with Intrigue, A Plotting Duchess and a Mysterious Death (London: Penguin, 2013) p.161.
24 Catherine Bailey, p.350.
25 Diana Forbes-Robertson, My Aunt Maxine: The Story of Maxine Elliott (New York: The Viking Press, 1964) p.234.
26 A. Wallis Myers, p.240.
27 Diana Forbes-Robertson, p.237.
28 Ibid., p.238.
29 Ibid., p.243.
30 A. Wallis Myers, p.262.
31 Ibid., p.286.
32 Ibid., p.290.
33 Ibid., pp.290–92.
34 Ibid., p.2.
35 Ibid., p.294.
36 Letter from the Countess of Grosvenor to Mrs Wilding. Quoted in A. Wallis Myers, p.295.
37 A. Wallis Myers, p.298.
38 Adrian Gregory, p.44.
39 Max Pemberton, Lord Northcliffe: A Memoir, quoted in Adrian Gregory, p.47.
40 ‘American Actress’, The Sketch, 27 January 1915, p.71.
41 ‘The Letters of Eve’, Tatler, 10 February 1915, p.172.
42 Diana Forbes-Robertson, p.259.
43 Ibid., p.261.
44 ‘Red Cross Necklace’, the Daily Mail, 28 March 1918, p.4.
45 ‘Crowns Coronets Courtiers’, The Sketch, 20 March 1918, p.246.
46 ‘In England-Now!’ Bystander, 8 May 1918, p.232.
47 ‘Femina’, Bystander, 6 March 1918, p.529.
CHAPTER THREE
1 The Times, 1 April 1918, p.7.
2 For a full discussion of the ‘Souls’, see Angela Lambert, Unquiet Souls: The Indian Summer of the British Aristocracy (London: Macmillan, 1984).
3 Quotation from Wilfrid Blunt, in Claudia Renton, Those Wild Wyndhams: Three Sisters at the Heart of Power (London: William Collins, 2014) p.99.
4 Jane Ridley and Clayre Percy (eds), The Letters of Arthur Balfour and Lady Elcho 1885–1917 (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1992) p.viii.
5 Angela Lambert, p.79.
6 Diana Cooper, The Rainbow Comes and Goes (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1958) p.18.
7 Ibid., pp.51–52.
8 For a full discussion of the Duchess of Rutland’s attitude, see Catherine Bailey.
9 Diana Cooper, p.144.
10 Catherine Bailey, p.300.
11 Ibid., pp.222–31.
12 Marjorie Anglesey to Ettie Grenfell, Desborough Papers, Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies: DEX789C46.
13 For a full discussion of Violet’s intervention, see Catherine Bailey.
14 Catherine Bailey, pp.344–45.
15 Ibid., p.134.
16 Cynthia Asquith, Haply I May Remember (London: James Barrie, 1950) p.135.
17 For a detailed description of Haddon’s death, see Catherine Bailey.
18 Catherine Bailey, p.120.
19 Diana Cooper, p.13.
20 Ibid., p.18.
21 Ibid., p.95.
22 Cynthia Asquith, Remember and Be Glad (London: James Barrie, 1952) p.198.
23 John Joliffe (ed.), Raymond Asquith: Life and Letters (London: William Collins, 1980) p.18.
24 Raymond Asquith to H.T. Baker, 6 October 1898, in John Joliffe, p.51.
25 Raymond Asquith to H.T. Baker, 21 April 1902 in John Joliffe, p.92.
26 David Cannadine, The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy (London: Penguin, 1990) pp.82–83.
27 Diana Cooper, p.151.
28 Cynthia Asquith, Haply I May Remember, p.14.
29 Mary had three sons, Ego, Guy and Yvo (Colin had died in 1892), and three daughters, Cynthia, Mary and Irene (‘Bibs’).
30 Mary, Countess of Wemyss, A Family Record (London: The Curwen Press, 1932) p.156.
31 Diana Cooper, p.79.
32 Mary, Countess of Wemyss. A Family Record, p.156.
33 Cynthia Asquith, Remember and Be Glad, p.10.
34 Letty Elcho to Ego Elcho, undated, Wemyss Papers.
35 Letty Elcho to Ego Elcho, 13 May, Wemyss Papers.
36 Letty Elcho to Ego Elcho, 14 May, Wemyss Papers.
37 Letty Elcho to Ego Elcho, undated, Wemyss Papers.
38 Letty Elcho to Ego Elcho, undated, Wemyss Papers.
39 Letty Elcho to Ego Elcho, undated, Wemyss Papers.
40 Cynthia Asquith, Haply I May Remember, p.169.
41 Ego Elcho to Letty Elcho, September 1914, Wemyss Pa
pers.
42 Ego Elcho to Letty Elcho, 9 April 1914, Wemyss Papers.
43 Mary, Countess of Wemyss, A Family Record, pp.256, 264.
44 Letty Elcho to Mary Wemyss, 18 May 1915 in Mary, Countess of Wemyss, A Family Record, p.270.
45 Ibid., p.363, Ego Elcho to Mary Wemyss, 22 January 1916.
46 Mary, Countess of Wemyss, A Family Record, pp.305–06.
47 Cynthia Asquith, Lady Cynthia Asquith: Diaries 1915–18 (London: Hutchinson, 1968) p.91.
48 Letty Elcho to Mary Wemyss, 23 October 1915, in Mary, Countess of Wemyss, p.349.
49 Ego Elcho to Mary Wemyss, 25 October 1915, in Mary, Countess of Wemyss, p.351.
50 Ibid.
51 Ibid.
52 Letty Elcho to Mary Wemyss, 12 March 1916, in Mary, Countess of Wemyss, p.366.
53 Ego Elcho to Letty Elcho, 1 February 1916, Wemyss Papers.
54 Mary, Countess of Wemyss. A Family Record, p.372.
55 Ibid., p.393.
56 Jeremy Paxman, pp.276–77.
57 Alfred Harmsworth Northcliffe, Lord Northcliffe’s War Book (New York: George H. Doran, 1916) p.239.
58 Mary Wemyss to Evelyn de Vesci, undated, de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archives and Local Studies Service (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU/87.
59 Letty Elcho to Mary Wemyss, 3 May 1916, in Mary, Countess of Wemyss, p.374.
60 Cynthia Asquith, Lady Cynthia Asquith: Diaries 1915–18, p.183.
61 Ibid., p.184.
62 Cynthia Asquith, Diaries, p.188.
63 Lord Wemyss to Mary Wemyss, July 1917, in Mary, Countess of Wemyss, p.404.
64 Cynthia Asquith, Diaries, p.188.
65 Letty Elcho to R. Smallbones, 2 January 1917, in Mary, Countess of Wemyss, p.403.
66 Mary, Countess of Wemyss, A Family Record, p.36.
67 Violet, Duchess of Rutland to Letty Elcho, undated, Wemyss Papers.
68 Ibid.
69 Mary Wemyss to Letty Elcho, 19 August 1916, Wemyss Papers.
70 Mary Wemyss to Letty Elcho, 22 October 1916, Wemyss Papers.
71 Mary Wemyss to Evelyn de Vesci, 23 July 1916, de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archives and Local Studies Service (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU/87.
72 Mary Wemyss to Violet, Duchess of Rutland, 13 July 1916, Wemyss Papers.
73 Letty Elcho to Evelyn de Vesci, 29 August 1916, de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archives and Local Studies Service (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU/87.
74 Jeremy Paxman, p.276.
75 Cynthia Asquith, Diaries, p.188.
76 Letty Elcho to R. Smallbones, 2 January 1917, in Mary, Countess of Wemyss, p.402.
77 Mary Wemyss to Evelyn de Vesci, 26 September 1916, de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archives and Local Studies Service (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU87.
78 Letty Elcho to Mary Wemyss, 1 October 1916, Wemyss Papers.
79 Nicola Beauman, Cynthia Asquith (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1987) p.181.
80 Letty Elcho to Mary Wemyss, 27 December 1916, Wemyss Papers.
81 Letty Elcho to R. Smallbones, 2 January 1917, in Mary, Countess of Wemyss, p.402.
82 Ibid., p.403.
83 Mary Wemyss to Arthur Balfour, April 1917. Quoted in Jane Ridley and Clayre Percy (eds), p.346.
84 Mary Wemyss to Letty Elcho, 15 September 1917, Wemyss Papers.
85 Letty Elcho to Mary Wemyss, 5 July, Wemyss Papers.
86 Violet, Duchess of Rutland expressed this belief in a letter to her brother, Charlie. Quoted in Catherine Bailey, p.236.
CHAPTER FOUR
1 The Times, 1 May 1918, p.8.
2 ‘Lady Desborough with her Sons’, Tatler, 11 August 1915.
3 Cynthia Asquith, Remember and Be Glad, p.53.
4 Ibid.
5 Richard Davenport-Hines, Ettie: The Intimate Life and Dauntless Spirit of Lady Desborough (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2008) p.7.
6 Cynthia Asquith, Remember and Be Glad, p.51.
7 Richard Davenport-Hines, p.2.
8 Richard Davenport-Hines, p.81.
9 Raymond Asquith to Ettie Grenfell, April 1916, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, Pages from a Family Journal 1888–1915 (Eton College: Privately Printed – Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & Co. Ltd, 1916) p.358.
10 Ibid., p.99.
11 Nicholas Mosley, Julian Grenfell (London: Persephone Books, 2014) p.234.
12 Julian Grenfell to Ettie Grenfell, 1909, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.148.
13 Ibid.
14 Julian Grenfell to Ettie Grenfell, July 1910, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.185.
15 Billy Grenfell to Ettie Grenfell, October 1909, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, pp.158–59.
16 Julian Grenfell to Ettie Grenfell, 1909, Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.140.
17 Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.99.
18 Billy Grenfell to Ettie Grenfell, 1 August 1913, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.309.
19 Julian Grenfell to Ettie Grenfell, 6 August 1914, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.452.
20 Julian Grenfell to Ettie Grenfell, 17 October 1914, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.472.
21 Julian Grenfell to Ettie Grenfell, 15 October 1914, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.470.
22 Julian Grenfell to Ettie Grenfell, 3 November 1914, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.480.
23 Julian Grenfell to Ettie Grenfell, 28 October 1914, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.477.
24 Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.549.
25 Angela Lambert, p.186.
26 Julian Grenfell to Ettie Grenfell, 14 May 1915, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.546.
27 Ibid., p.550.
28 Ibid., p.553.
29 Ibid., p.554.
30 Ibid., p.556.
31 Nicholas Mosley, p.400.
32 Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.556.
33 Ibid., p.557.
34 Ibid.
35 Billy Grenfell to Norah Lindsay, June 1915, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.124.
36 Billy Grenfell to Anne Islington, 11 July 1915, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p.595.
37 Billy Grenfell to Con Manners, June 1915, in Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, p. 594.
38 Mary Wemyss to Ettie Grenfell, 5 June 1915, Desborough Papers, Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies: D/ERVC477/37.
39 Mary Wemyss to Ettie Grenfell, 20 May 1915, Desborough Papers, Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies: D/ERVC477/34.
40 Mary Wemyss to Ettie Grenfell, 29 May 1915. Desborough Papers, Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies: D/ERVC477/36.
41 Ettie Desborough to Mary Wemyss, 3 June 1915, Wemyss Papers.
42 Mary Wemyss to Ettie Grenfell, 5 June 1915, Desborough Papers, Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies: D/ERVC477/37.
43 Ettie Grenfell to Mary Wemyss, 3 June 1915, Wemyss Papers.
44 Mary, Countess of Wemyss. A Family Record, p.289.
45 11 June 1915, Cynthia Asquith, Diaries, p.41.
46 27 July 1915. Ibid., p.59.
47 4 August 1915. Ibid., p.62.
48 Richard Davenport-Hines, p.199.
49 Ettie Grenfell to Evelyn de Vesci, undated, de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archives and Local Studies Service (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU103.
50 Richard Davenport-Hines, p.19.
51 Ettie Grenfell to Evelyn de Vesci, undated, de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archives and Local Studies Service (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU103.
52 Ego Elcho to Mary Wemyss, 25 October 1915, in Mary, Countess of Wemyss, p.351.
53 Mary Wemyss to Ettie Grenfell, 23 October 1915, Desborough Papers, Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies: D/ERVC477/43.
54 Mary Wemyss to Ettie Grenfell, 23 October 1915, Desborough Papers, Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies: D/ERVC477/43.
55 Angela Lambert, p.169.
56 Raymond Asquith to H.T. Baker, 4 October 1899 in John Joliffe, p.61.
57 15 January 1918, Cynthia Asquith, Diaries, p.396.
58 20 October 1915. Ibid., p.91.
59 Nicola Beauman, p.157.
60 Mary Wemyss to Evelyn de Vesci, 23 July 1916, de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archives and Local Studies Service (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU103.
61 Ettie Grenfell to Evelyn de Vesci, 3 July 1916, de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archives and Local Studies Service (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU103.
62 Mary Wemyss to Ettie Grenfell, 3 December 1916, Desborough Papers, Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies: D/ERVC477/50.
63 Mary Wemyss to Ettie Grenfell, undated, Desborough Papers, Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies: D/ERVC477/51.
64 Mary Wemyss to Evelyn de Vesci, 22 March 1916, de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archives and Local Studies Service (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU87.
65 Mary Wemyss to Evelyn de Vesci, 4 September 1916, de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archives and Local Studies (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU87.
66 17 August 1916, Cynthia Asquith, Diaries, p.206.
67 20 November 1916, Cynthia Asquith, Diaries, p.236.
68 Claudia Renton, p.346.
69 16 December 1916, Cynthia Asquith, Diaries, pp.245–46.
70 Mary Wemyss to Letty Elcho, undated, Wemyss Papers.
71 Mary Wemyss to Arthur Balfour, September 1914 in Jane Ridley and Clayre Percy (eds), p.313.
72 Mary Wemyss to Arthur Balfour, 22 December 1915 in Jane Ridley and Clayre Percy (eds), pp.331–32.
73 Ettie Grenfell to Evelyn de Vesci, 12 March (no year), de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archive and Local Studies Service (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU103.
74 Ettie Grenfell to Evelyn de Vesci, 22 June (no year), de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archive and Local Studies: DD/DRU103.
75 Mary Wemyss to Ettie Grenfell, 1917, Desborough Papers, Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies: D/ERVC477/58.
76 Ettie Grenfell to Evelyn de Vesci, 22 June 1917, de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archives and Local Studies Service (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU103.
77 15 January 1918, Cynthia Asquith, Diaries, p.396.
78 Raymond Asquith to Ettie Grenfell, 12 August 1915, Desborough Papers, Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies: DEX789 C60.
79 Mary Wemyss to Evelyn de Vesci, 18 December 1917, de Vesci Papers, Somerset Archives and Local Studies Service (South West Heritage Trust): DD/DRU103.
80 Angela Lambert, p.201.
81 Raymond Asquith to Katharine Asquith, 4 September 1916, in John Joliffe, p.291.
82 Mary Wemyss to Arthur Balfour, 21 January 1917, in Jane Ridley and Clayre Percy (eds), p.343.