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Index
Accetto, Torquato, 184–87
Acontius, Jacobus, 25, 55–59
Abraham, 117–18, 122, 13
Adam: and Christ 22–24; role in Fall, 45–46, 59–61, 156
adornment: and lying, 208–11; in men and women, 231–35; and rhetoric, 234–35
Alan of Lille, 76
Albert the Great: on lies, 126–27; on prudence, 215–16, 222
Alexander of Hales: on lying, 122–24; on words and speech, 123–24
Ambrose of Milan: on the devil’s mousetrap, 70–71, 75; on the Fall, 27, 40–45; on women, 203
amphibology (mixed speech), 141–45
Anselm of Bec: and monasticism, 131–32; on truth and Truth, 128–32
Antoninus of Florence: on dissimulation, 136; on mental reservation, 136–39
Aquinas: on concealing the truth, 122; on devil’s mousetrap, 71–72, 74–75; on the Eucharist, 79; on the Fall, 49; on lying, 119–22; on mortal and venial lies, 120–22; on perplexity, 174; on prudence, 74–76; on truth and Truth, 128–30; and the university, 131–33
Aristotle: Ethics, 126–27; on women, 211–12
Astruc, Jean, 29
Augustine of Hippo: on biblical interpretation, 31–32, 116–19; on concealing truth, 117–18; on creation of world, 30; definition of lying, 113–16; on the devil’s mousetrap, 67–68, 70; on divine deception, 64–65; on the Fall, 31–32, 39–40, 44–45, 48–49, 60–61; on intention, 114–16; and lying, 7–8, 105–119, 126; scholastic reception of, 119, 126–27, 142–43; theology of language, 110–13
Avitus, Alcimus Ecdicius, 23–24
Azor, Juan, 144–45
Azpilcueta, Martin. See Navarrus
Bartholomew the Englishman, 213
Bayle, Pierre, 94–96, 98–99, 103–4
Bernard of Clairvaux, 3–4
bestiaries, 67
Bevir, Mark, 259n22
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 221–24
Bonaventure: on the devil’s mousetrap, 72–73; on the Eucharist, 77–78; on the Fall, 41, 46, 50; on prudence, 72–74
Buridan, John: on complexion, 212–14; on lying, 121–22; on women and prudence, 214
Calvin, John: on creation of world 30; on divine deception, 65–66, 91–94; on the Fall, 34, 51–52
Campin, Robert, 72
Carteret, John, 191
Casa, Giovannia della, 183
Castiglione, Baldassare: and pessimism, 153–54; and rhetoric, 161–62
casuistry, critique of, 108–10, 145–49
Chartier, Alain, 154–56, 181
Chobham, Thomas, 76
Christ. See devil’s mousetrap
Christine de Pizan: on the court, 163–65, 181; on dissimulation, 177–78; and hypocrisy, 180–81; and John of Salisbury, 163–65; on lying, 176–81, 187, 189, 225; on misogyny, 199–200, 204–5, 216–25; on prudence, 175–77, 222–25; on self-knowledge, 216–25; and skepticism, 164–65
Chrysostom, John, 26, 33–
34, 37–39
Cicero, 169–70, 234
circumstances, rhetorical: Charron on 160–61, Cicero on, 169–70; John of Salisbury, 171–72; and sin, 76–77
civility: as complaisance, 241–46; Guazzo on, 188–90; Pierre Nicole on, 194; Philibert de Vienne on, 182–83; Scudéry on, 241–46; Walker on, 188–90
complaisance. See civility
complexion, 212–16; Bartholomew the Englishman on, 213; John of Paris on, 213
Consentius, 106, 110
court: Charron on the, 160–61; Chartier on, 154–55; Christine de Pizan on, 163–65, 181; critique of, 153–58, 163–65, 167–68, 181–84, 193; Damian on, 156–57; and the fallen world, 156–58; John of Salisbury on, 153–54, 163–65, 167–68; Peter of Blois on, 157–58; Philibert de Vienne on, 182–83; and the salon, 238; Walker on, 183–84
cunning (astutia). See prudence
Cyril of Alexandria, 70
Damian, Peter, 156–57, 181
Dante Alighieri, 1–3, 8, 10
David of Augsburg, 133–34
Descartes, René: on biblical interpretation, 96–98; on divine deception, 63, 95–104; and skepticism, 159; on understanding God, 99–102
Devil: and Eve, 37, 205–8, 210–11; and exterior and interior temptation, 36–38; as false preacher, 41–55; as Father of Lies, 25–26, 113; and God, 27, 63–65; and prudence, 74–77, 214; as rhetorician, 41–45; and the serpent, 26, 33–34, 37–39; wins, 6, 103–4, 256
devil’s mousetrap: Ambrose on, 70–71; Aquinas on, 71–72, 74–75; Augustine on, 67–68, 70; in bestiaries, 67; Bonaventure on, 72–73; Gerson on, 72; Gregory of Nyssa on, 68–70; Holkot on, 82–83; Luther on, 88–89
de’Zorzi, Pietro, 226
dialectic. See rhetoric
dissimulation: Accetto on, 184–87; Alexander of Hales on, 123–24; Antoninus on, 136; Castiglione on, 162; Christine de Pizan on, 177–78; defined, 136, 184–85; as lying, 185–87; Navarrus on, 142–43
divine fishhook. See devil’s mousetrap
Dury, John, 55
equivocation. See mental reservation
Eucharist: Aquinas on, 79; Bonaventure on, 77–78; as deception, 79–82; Holkot on, 81–85, 88; Ockham on, 80; as sacrament of truth, 77–79, 85; Wycliff on, 85–88
Eve: Augustine on, 39–45; Calvin on, 51–52; Christine de Pizan on, 222–23; Chrysostom on, 37–40; Luther on, 48–51; Philo of Alexandria on, 210–11; role in Fall, 37–52, 59–61, 205–7; Rupert of Duetz on, 205–7; Vincent of Beauvais on, 207–8
Fall: Adam’s role in, 43, 45–46, 59–61; as allegory, 30–32; Ambrose on, 40–45; Augustine on, 31–32, 39–40, 44–45, 60–61; Bonaventure on, 41, 46, 50; Calvin on, 51–52, 65–66; consequences of, 23–24, 26–28, 54, 146–47, 208; and divine deception, 63–64; Eve’s role in, 37–52, 59–61, 205–8; as heresy/misinterpretation, 27–28, 47–55, 58–61; as historical event, 31–33, 47; Hugh of St. Victor on, 49; interpretive problems with, 28–35; Kant on, 255–56; Luther on, 32–33, 47–51; Milton on, 59–61; as model for all temptations, 24–25, 27; Nicholas of Lyra on, 36–37; Pascal on, 146–47; Philo of Alexandria on, 31; role of Devil in, 33–34, 37–52, 59–61, 205–7, 210–11; Rousseau on, 247–49; Rupert of Deutz on, 205–7
Fifteen Joys of Marriage, The, 201
flattery: Chartier on, 154–55; Christine de Pizan on, 163–64; Guazzo on, 184, 189–90; John of Salisbury on, 153, 164, 172–73; Mandeville on, 192–93; Walker on, 183–84
Fonte, Moderata: on language and truth, 230–32; on male dishonesty, 226–32, 235–37; on male vanity, 231–34; on marriage, 228, 236–37; and Venetian society, 227
Foulechat, Denis, 164, 167–68
Galen, 212
Garden of Eden. See Temptation
Gerson, Jean, 72
God: Augustine on, 62–65; Bayle on, 94–96, 98–99, 103–4; Calvin on, 65–66, 91–94; as deceiver, 63–66, 81–104; Descartes on, 62–63, 94–104; and devil’s mousetrap, 67–77; and the Eucharist, 77–88; Holkot on, 81–85; as inscrutable, 66, 84, 87–88, 90–94; Luther on, 88–91; Malebranche on, 102–3; Wycliff on, 85–88
Gombaud, Antoine (Chevalier de Méré), 193
Gracián, Baltasar, 193–95
Gratian, 173–75
Gregory of Nyssa, 68–70
Gregory of Rimini, 94–95
Guazzo, Stefano: on civility, 188–90; on dissembling and lying, 187–90; on flattery, 184, 189–90
Guido de Monte Rocherii, 76–77
Hammond, Henry, 105, 145
Hebrew midwives, 116–17, 125
Holkot, Robert, 81–85, 88, 90
Hugh of St. Victor, 37, 39, 45–46, 49
Humbert of Romans, 135
hypocrisy, 133–34, 180–81
Isidore of Seville, 156
Jacob, and Esau: Alexander of Hales on, 122–23; Antoninus on, 136; Aquinas on, 122; Augustine on, 118–19
Jean de Meun, 202, 220
Jehan le Fèvre. See le Fèvre, Jehan
Jerome, 107–8
John of Paris, 213
John of Salisbury: on flatterers, 153–54, 163–64; on lying, 172–75, 181–82, 189, 202; on prudence, 168; and skepticism, 164–68; and self-knowledge, 163–64, 170–71
Kant, Immanuel, 254–57
Kramer, Heinrich, 204, 216
Langland, William, 76
La Rochefoucauld, François duc de, 189, 195
Law, William, 197–98
le Fèvre, Jehan, 200–201, 203
Lombard, Peter, 37, 65, 119
Luther, Martin: on the devil’s mousetrap, 88–91; on divine deception, 88–92; on the Fall, 32–33, 47–51; and literal interpretation, 47–48, 52–55
lying: and amphibology, 141–45; and dissimulation, 185–87; and the historiography of Early Modern Europe, 6–10; and masculine nature, 226–37; and mental reservation/misleading, 117–18, 122, 136–45; as necessary to society, 191, 196–98, 238, 245–46, 253–54; as sin against justice, 119–21, as sin against Truth, 110–16, 126; as sin against truth, 124–31; types of, 114–15, 120–21, 125–27; and women, 199–211, 214–16, 225
—acceptable: Christine de Pisan on, 176–81, 225; Guazzo on, 187–90; John of Salisbury on, 172–175, 180–81, 202; Rousseau on, 251–52, 254; Walker on, 188–90
—definitions of: Alexander of Hales’, 122–23; Antoninus of Florence’s, 138–41; Aquinas’s, 119–21; Augustine’s, 113–15; Prierias’s, 139–41; Rousseau’s, 250–51; Scotus’s, 124–25
—prohibited: Aquinas on, 119–22; Augustine on, 7–8, 105–14; Kant on, 254–55; in the scholastic tradition, 8, 107–8, 119–35, 143–44
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 6–7, 8
Malebranche, Pierre, 102–3
Mandeville, Bernard: on civility, 193; on flattery and lies, 191–94, 196–98; on human nature, 191–92
Marinella, Lucrezia: on masculine adornment, 232–34; on masculine dishonesty, 226–27; and Venetian society, 227
Martin, John Jeffries, 259n19
Matheolus. See Matthew of Bologne
Matthew of Bologne (Matheolus), 199–200
mental reservation: Antoninus on, 136–39; Azor on, 144–45; Pascal on, 109; Prierias on, 139; restrictions on, 139–41
Mersenne, Marin, 94–95
Milton, John, 33, 59–61
Mirandola, Pico della, 234
misogyny: biblical, 205–11; Boccaccio and, 221–24; Christine de Pizan’s critique of, 204–5, 216–25; Chrysostom and, 211; in The Hammer of Witches, 203–4; institutionalized, 235–37; medical, 211–16; in medieval literature, 199–203; Tertullian and, 203, 208–11
Navarrus (Martin Azpilcueta), 141–45
Nicholas of Lyra, 26, 35–37, 45, 63–64
Nicole, Pierre, 194–96
Nider, Johannes, 134–35
Ockham, William, 80–81
Origin, 32
Pascal, Blaise: on original sin, 146–49; and Jesuit casuistry 108–10, 145
Paul (saint), 23, 25, 27
Peacham, Henry, 234–35
Pecham, John, 7
9
perplexity, moral, 173–75
Peter of Blois, 157–58, 181
Philibert de Vienne, 182–83
Philo of Alexandria, 31, 210–11
Physiologus, 67
Prierias, Sylvester, 8
Priscillian, 106
probability. See rhetoric
prudence (prudentia): Albert the Great on, 215–16, 222; Aquinas on, 74–75, 214; Bonaventure on, 73–74; Buridan on, 214; Charron on, 160–61; Christine de Pizan on, 175–76, 222–25; and cunning, 74–75, 214–16, 222; and the devil’s mousetrap, 73–77, 90; John of Salisbury on, 168; Oresme on, 214; and women, 214–16, 222–25
Quintillian, 234
Radbertus, Paschasius, 78–79
Rainolds, John, 159–60, 170–71
Régis, Pierre Sylvain, 99
rhetoric: Castiglione on, 161–62; Cicero on, 169–70; and ethics, 169–75; and gender, 232–35, 239–40; and God, 103–4; John of Salisbury on, 165–73; Rainolds on, 159–60; Scudéry and, 239–41; and skepticism, 159–68, 170–71
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques: and Augustine, 251–52; on the Fall, 247–49; on lying, 250–52; on the origin of deception, 247–50; on sincerity, 254
Rupert of Deutz, 205–7, 261n17
salon, 238
Salust, Guillaume de, Sieur du Bartas, 33
Scotus, John Duns, 124–26
Scudéry, Madeleine de: on bad conversation, 237–39; on complaisance, 241, 243–45; on lying, 245–46; on self-interest, 240–41
self-knowledge: Christine de Pizan on, 216–25; Fonte on, 235–36; John of Salisbury on, 153–54, 163–67, 170–71, 175–76; La Rochefoucauld on, 195; Nicole on, 195; Scudéry on, 242–43
self-love, 194–98
serpent. See Devil
Semiramis, 223–24
skepticism: Castiglione and, 161–63; Charron on, 160–61; Christine de Pizan and, 164–65; and the court, 160–62, 164–67; Descartes and, 159; and European historiography, 158–59, 162–63; and Early Modern Europe, 158–63; John of Salisbury on, 164–68; and perplexity, 173–75; and prudence, 160–63; Rainolds on, 160; and rhetoric, 159–68
simulation. See dissimulation
sincerity, 254, 259n17
Souvré, Madeleine de, 193–94
Temptation. See Fall
Trilling, Lionel, 259n17
truth, virtue of: and justice, 119–21
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