Games without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan
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regains Kandahar
restored to throne with concessions, subsidy
government of second reign
death of
dynasty ends with coup against Daoud
Dostum, Rashid
cedes Kabul to Taliban (1996)
with Northern Alliance
switches to join Massoud against Najibullah
Drone attacks
Drug addiction
Drug lords/drug mafias. See also Opium
Dubs, Adolph, kidnapping
Dupree, Louis
Durand, Henry
Durand, Mortimer
Durand Line
crossed to fight in WWI
Peshawar issue reopened
straddled by Pushtoons
used by Abdu-Rahman for isolation
Durrani Pushtoons
background
conflict, reconciled, with Ghilzais
and Dost Mohammed
Hamid Karzai
Durri-i-Durran. See Ahmad Shah
Dyer, Reginald
Eagle Four television program
East India Trading Company
background
army in India
and explorer Burnes
Eastern Europe and the collapse of the Soviet Union
Economy (domestic)
development flourishes alongside violence
disparity with foreign reconstruction money
with opium as currency
Education
under Amanullah
girls attend classes unveiled
under Habibullah
in model towns of HVA
under the Musahibban family
new schools built
provided by mullahs
Taliban burns schools, kills children
See also Kabul University; Universities
Egypt
Einuddin (author’s grandfather)
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
Elections
under Musahibban family
of Zahir Shah’s velvet revolution
presidential (2004)
parliamentary (2005)
Electric services and power stations
Elphinstone, William
Enayatullah (son of Habibullah)
Encyclopedia Britannica
England. See Great Britain
Engrayzee
Entertainment
abolished under Taliban
under Habibullah, Amanullah
Jeshyn festival
movies
Entrepreneurships
along hippie route
build National Sports Museum
energized in 2002
industrial development
laws enabling
need microlending
as neoconservative vision
of women
Esmatey-Wardak, Massouma
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic groups
accommodations broken by Soviet invasion
under Ahmad Shah
of army, police, conflict with Pushtoon society
battle each other in Mujahideen civil war
forced to work together in HVA towns
formed into Northern Alliance
represented in new TV programs
Exiles
escape from Soviets, Taliban
return to establish enterprises, arts
as urban elite
Fahim, Qasim (General)
Farangi
Farooq, Mullah
Farsi language
Fatwas
of bin Laden
of mufti
of Mullah Omar
Feminist Majority
Feminists
Afghan activists
in the United States
Films and documentaries (Afghan)
Foreign interventions. See also United States intervention
Foreign Ministry of Afghanistan
Forward Policy
France
Fraser-Tytler, W. K.
Freedom of speech
French Revolution
Frontier Gandhi (Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan)
GB. See Great Britain
Gender apartheid
Genocide. See Depopulation of Afghanistan by Soviets; Ethnic cleansing
Germany
Ghazni city
Ghilzai, Mohammed Shah
Ghilzai Pushtoons
background
conflict, reconciled, with Durrani Pushtoons
crushed by Abdu’Rahman
lead anti-British insurgency
politician Taraki
radical Islamist Hekmatyar
subsidized by GB, cut
Ghobar, Mir Ghulam Mohammad
Gingrich, Newt
Global Security
Globalization
Goislard, Bettina
The Gold of Afghanistan
Gorbachev, Mikhail
Gould, Tamara
Government
builds HVA model towns, farms
centralized under Abdu’Rahman
constitution, parliament, created
independence declared in Rawalpindi treaty
Khalq regime in post-coup era
under kings, emperors
modernization programs
as nationalistic under Amanullah
undermined by foreign interventions
Grand Bazaar of Kabul
Grapes
Great Britain (GB)
Anglo-Afghan wars
confronts Russia in central Asia
as European and global power
forced to pull out of Afghanistan
life in Kabul after Dost reign
and overthrow of Amanullah
treaty with Dost Mohammed
treaty with Shah Shuja
treaty with Yaqub Khan
The Great Game
Great Indian Mutiny (1857)
Greco-Buddhist art style
Green Village Schools
Guantanamo
Guerilla warfare
of Anglo-Afghan wars
commander/warlord/mullah terms
fall of Kabul (1992)
tactics of Mujahideen against Soviets
uses surface-to-air missiles
See also Mujahideen
Gul Agha
Gulf War (first)
Habibia School
Habibullah (son of Abdu’Rahman)
background
influenced by Hussein, Musahibban, Tarzi
assassinated
Habibullah Kalakani. See Saqao, Bachey
Hafizullah Amin. See Amin, Hafizullah
Hakim, Abdul
Hanafi School of Law
Haqqani, Jalaluddin
Haseen, Abdul
Hashim Khan
Hashish
Hazarajat
Hazaras
autonomy crushed under Abdu’Rahman
battle for Kabul
post-Iron Amir
resist Soviets, supported by Iran
as Shi’a Mongolian ethnic group
suffer ethnic cleansing by Taliban
Hazrats of Shor Bazaar
Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin
bombs Kabul
fails to satisfy Pakistan
forced to join Massoud to resist Taliban
in Pakistan
as prime minister in Islamist interim government
as radical Islamist extremist
as Taliban network commander
Helmand Valley Authority (HVA)
described
troubles
as liability
Henry VII, king of England
Herat city
conquered by Taliban
as early power center
retaken by Dost Mohammed
Hezb-i-Islam (Party of Islam)
Hindu Kush mountains
Hindus
carry yellow IDs
Marathas routed by Ahmad Shah
Hip
pies
Hungary
Hussein, Mohammed
HVA. See Helmand Valley Authority
Idema, Jack
IDPs (internally displaced persons)
Imams
India
Amritsar demonstrators massacred
controlled by GB
Great Mutiny
iron development
as nonaligned, left-leaning, nation
partitioned to create Muslim Pakistan
sacked by Ahmad Shah
Indian Embassy car bombing (2008)
Indus River
Infrastructure projects
funded by Soviets
funded by US
roads and streets
Insurgencies
against British (1841)
against PDPA in rural areas
See also Talibanist insurgents
Intellectuals (liberal and modernist)
emerge under Zahir Shah
as Marxist-Leninist dissidents
during Musahibban family reigns
publish publications
religious
Internet
Interrogation methods
of Mustauffi Hussein by Amanullah
at Bagram detention center
of Idema and Bennet
InterServices Intelligence (ISI)
disburses Western funds to Mujahideen
sponsors, supports, Hekmatyar for Pakistan take over
as Taliban loyalists
works with Mullah Omar
Iqbal, Bismillah
Iran
aids Northern Alliance blocking anti-Shi’a Taliban
backs Sultan Ahmad
gives aid to Shi’a Hazaras
included in feudal Afghan territory
Islamic Revolution
after Soviet collapse
refugees’ destination during Soviet depopulation
as victim of Afghan drug trade
Iraq, invasion of
Iron Amir. See Abdu’Rahman
ISI. See InterServices Intelligence
Islamism
Deobandi school
as political program
US chooses to view as military problem
See also Radical Islamism
Ismail Khan
Jalal, Masooda
Jalalabad
Jalali, Robina
Jamaluddin-i-Afghan
Jamiat-i-Islam (Islamic Society)
Jeshyn-i-Istiqlal (Festival of Independence)
Jihadism
Jirgas (village councils)
Jones, Paula
A Journal of the Disasters in Afghanistan (Sale)
Joya, Malalai
Kabul
bombed, burned, looted, by British
as center for dealings with outside world
of Dost Mohammed
as early power center
established as single capital
under siege by Mujahideen factions
taken by GB (1839)
conquered by Taliban
with booming economy
weakened by interventions
Kabul Bank
Kabul Museum
Kabul Nindari national theater
Kabul University
academic respectability restored
with both leftist and radical Islamist activists
early history
with US partner universities
Kabul-Kandahar road project
Kafiristan
Kajakai dam and town
Kalantars of Abdu’Rahman
KAM airline
Kandahar
bombed by US forces
conquered by Taliban
as early power center
overthrown by GB
prisoners escape
reduced to rubble by Mujahideen
as seat of Taliban power
Kandahar/Helmand region
Karmal, Babrak
background
installed as president by invading Soviets
replaced by Soviets with Najibullah
sent to Eastern Europe by PDPA
Karzai, Ahmad Wali
Karzai, Hamid
creates untrained army and police forces
implicated in corruption
as interim chairman, president
with neoconservative US allies
in Northern Alliance
receives payments from Iran
in contradictory position
Karzai, Mahmoud
Kaye, John
Kayeum, Abdul
KhAD
Khalillulah (son of Mohammed Hussein)
Khalilzad, Zalmay
Khalq political party/regime
Kharoti, Mohammed Khan
Khomeini, Ayatollah
Khost co-ed school
Khost terrorist training camps
Khrushchev, Nikita
Khyber, Mir Akbar
Kim (Kipling)
Kipling, Rudyard
Klare, Michael
Koh-i-Noor diamond
Kotwals of Abdu’Rahman
Lakanwal, Ghafar
Land ownership decrees
Landmines
appear to be children’s toys
cause farms to be uncultivatable
planted by Soviet Union
Roots for Peace NGO
Languages. See Dari; Farsi; Persian; Pushto languages
Lashkargah town
Lawrence, T. E. (Lawrence of Arabia)
Laws
Amanullah’s Nizamnama legal code
local conflicts settled by jirgas
Shari’a
as Talibanist mobile courts
traditional vs. king’s law
Leno, Mavis
Lewinsky, Monica
Lion of Panjsher. See Massoud, Ahmad Shah
Logar
Louis Berger Group
Louis-Napoleon III
Loya jirga (grand assembly)
ratifies Nadir
selects Ahmad Shah as king
for transitional government (Bonn Project)
Lytton, Lord (Edward Bulwer)
Macnaghten, William Hay
Madrassas
in Afghanistan
and Mullah Omar
in Pakistan, controlled by radical Islamists
Mafias (trucking, drug, smuggling, gun-running)
Mahmoud (Ghaznavid sultan)
Maiwand battle
Maiwandwal Hashim
Malalai
Maliks as headmen
Marjah town
Marriage
bride prices
to foreigners
for love
underage
Marshall Plan for Afghanistan
Marxism-Leninism
Mashad, Iran
Massoud, Ahmad Shah
battles Hazara Mujahideen
brings down Najibullah
forms multiethnic Northern Alliance
leaves Kabul to Taliban (1996)
as politicized Muslim, military genius
warns Europe of al Qaeda dangers
assassinated
Massoudi, Omara
Mawlawis
Mazar (author’s cousin)
Mazar-i-Sharif
as early religious and power center
economic development of
Shi’a Hazaras massacred
woman charged with adultery stoned
McChrystal, Stanley
Mes Aynak
Microlending
Military
Abdu’Rahman’s troops, armaments
Amanullah attempts to strengthen
disunity tied to anti-Soviet resistance strength
Sher Ali’s national army
Military aid
provided by Soviets
received by Amanullah
US war-related vs. reconstruction dollars
Mineral wealth
Mir Sultan
Mirabs (water arbitrators
)
Mirzas of Abdu’Rahman
Missiles
Moghul Empire
Mohammedzais clan
Mongol conquest of Afghanistan
Morality police
Morrison Knudson Afghanistan (MKA)
Muftis
Mujaddedi, Amanullah
Mujahideen resistance against Soviets
warriors annihilated when Soviets invade
aid flows from West through Pakistan ISI
attack Soviets from tactical advantages
receive Stingers from CIA
Mujahideen (after Soviet withdrawal)
take Kabul from Najibullah
factions reduce Kabul to rubble
forfeit credibility
as Peshawar group at Bonn Conference
replaced by Taliban
Mullahs
controlled by Abdu’Rahman
described
provide education, local rulings
Musahibban family
introduced
implements dam projects
replaces Amanullah, murders Saqao
some reforms of Amanullah reinstated
women appear in public unveiled
rules Afghanistan for 44 years
See also Daoud, Sardar; Nadir Shah; Zahir Shah
Music (Afghan)
Muslim Brotherhood
Muzafaruddin (author’s uncle)
Nadi Ali town
Nadir Afshar
Nadir Khan. See Nadir Shah
Nadir Shah
introduced
allies with GB
and assassination of Habibullah
commander in Third Anglo-Afghan War
replaces Amanullah/Saqao
resumes Dost Mohammed’s project
assassinated
Na’eem, Sardar
Naheed
Najibullah (Najib)
installed as ruler by Soviets
takes political asylum in UN building
tortured, murdered, by Taliban
Najmuddin (author’s uncle)
Napoleon
Napoleonic Wars
Narcotics industry
Nasrullah
National Museum
National Sports Museum in Kabul
NATO
formation
air strikes kill civilians
attacks Talibanist network leaders/smugglers
night raids
Nedai
Nehru, Jawaharlal
Neoconservatives
lead to massive corruption
as the power of private capital/military
prefer private contractors for aid delivery
promote US social values, free-market capitalism
support Taliban as stabilizing force
Nepotism
NGOs (nongovernmental organizations)
in Andar
attacked by insurgents
foreign support bypasses Afghan government
outside money undermines economy
push for schools
Nicaragua
9/11. See September 11, 2001
Niyazov, Saparmurat Atayevich
Nizamnama by Amanullah
Nomads
introduced
forced to settle, farm, in model towns
produce ancient precious artifacts