Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 1

by Michael Burlingame

  231. White in Wilson and Davis, eds., Herndon’s Lincoln, 395.

  232. Ezra M. Prince to Truman H. Bartlett, Bloomington, 17 Sept. 1907, Bartlett Papers, Boston University.

  233. Isaac N. Arnold, “Reminiscences of the Illinois-bar Forty Years Ago: Lincoln and Douglas as Orators and Lawyers, Paper Read before the Bar Association of the State of Illinois, Springfield, 7 January 1881” (pamphlet; Chicago: Fergus, 1881), 26.

  234. White in Wilson and Davis, eds., Herndon’s Lincoln, 391–392.

  235. Thomas Lowry, Personal Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln (London: Chiswick Press, 1910), Reminiscences, 12; CWL, 2:541.

  236. Beardstown correspondence, 11 August, Chicago Press and Tribune, 16 Aug. 1858.

  237. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 17 Aug. 1858.

  238. Chicago Press and Tribune, weekly edition, 26 Aug. 1858.

  239. Lewistown correspondence, 17 Aug. 1858, Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 21 Aug. 1858; speech at Lewistown, 17 Aug. 1858, CWL, 2:545.

  240. CWL, 2:546–547.

  241. Lewistown correspondence, 17 Aug., Chicago Press and Tribune, 21 Aug. 1858.

  242. Lowell, Massachusetts, Journal and Courier, 30 Aug. 1858, Edwin Erle Sparks, ed., The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 (Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library, vol. 3; Lincoln Series, vol. 1; Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1908), 518.

  243. Lincoln to William Fithian, Bloomington, 3 Sept. 1858, CWL, 3:84.

  244. W. J. Usrey to Lincoln, Decatur, 19 July 1858, AL MSS DLC.

  245. Letter by R., Havana, n.d., Illinois State Register (Springfield), 19 Aug. 1858.

  246. Decatur correspondence, 27 and 28 July, Chicago Weekly Times, 5 Aug. 1858.

  247. Chicago Times, 30 July 1858, Sparks, ed., Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 56.

  248. Draft of McClellan’s memoirs, quoted in Stephen W. Sears, George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1988), 59.

  249. New York Tribune, 12 July 1858.

  250. Chicago Press and Tribune 22 July 1858, in Albert J. Beveridge, Abraham Lincoln, 1809–1858 (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1928), 2:629.

  251. Memo by Nicolay, citing no source, box 9, Nicolay Papers, DLC.

  252. Norman B. Judd interviewed by John G. Nicolay, Washington, 28 Feb. 1876, Burlingame, ed., Oral History of Lincoln, 44–45.

  253. Judd’s son Edward, recalling a story he heard his father tell many times, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 6 Feb. 1916.

  254. Undated interview with Henry T. Glover, of Chicago, a son of Joseph O. Glover, Ida M. Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.

  255. Chicago Press and Tribune, 26 July 1858.

  256. Judd to Lincoln, Chicago, 27 July 1858, AL MSS DLC.

  257. Lincoln to Douglas, Springfield, 29 July 1858, CWL, 2:528.

  258. Ibid., 2:530.

  259. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 3 Aug., 31 July 1858.

  260. Chicago Press and Tribune, 28 and 29 July 1858.

  261. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 31 July 1858.

  262. Chicago Times, n.d., copied in the Illionis State Register (Springfield), 29 July 1858, in Sparks, ed., Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 375.

  263. Abraham Smith to Lincoln, Ridge Farm, Illinois, 20 July 1858, AL MSS DLC.

  264. New York Times, 13 July 1858.

  Chapter 13. “A David Greater than the Democratic Goliath”

  1. Pillsbury, speech at Framingham, Massachusetts, 4 July 1860, The Liberator (Boston), 20 July 1860.

  2. Herndon to William Lloyd Garrison, Springfield, 29 May 1858, Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.

  3. Speech given in Springfield, 17 July 1858, Roy P. Basler et al., eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln [hereafter CWL] (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 2:506.

  4. Herndon to Theodore Parker, Springfield, 24 July 1858, Herndon-Parker Papers, University of Iowa.

  5. Ida M. Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln (2 vols.; New York: McClure, 1902), 1:308–309.

  6. Recollections of George Beatty, undated manuscript, Ida M. Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.

  7. Henry C. Whitney, Life on the Circuit with Lincoln, ed. Paul M. Angle (1892; Caldwell, ID: Caxton Press, 1940), 408.

  8. Chicago correspondence, 23 Aug., New York Evening Post, 27 Aug. 1858; Tarbell, Lincoln 1:313–314.

  9. Charles W. Marsh, Recollections, 1837–1910 (Chicago: Farm Implement News Company, 1910), 74.

  10. Ottawa Republican, 28 Aug. 1858.

  11. Letter from “Sandwich,” De Kalb County, n.d., Chicago Press and Tribune, 26 Aug. 1858.

  12. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 28 June, 30 July 1858; Chicago Weekly Times, 5 Aug. 1858.

  13. Chicago Press and Tribune, 23 Aug. 1858. I have used the Press and Tribune’s version of the debates rather than that of the Chicago Times because the latter deliberately garbled Lincoln’s words and applied cosmetic changes to Douglas’s. Michael Burlingame, “The Accuracy of Newspaper Accounts of the 1858 Lincoln-Douglas Debates,” in Walter B. Stevens, A Reporter’s Lincoln, ed. Michael Burlingame (1916; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 229–236. The audience responses are taken from both newspapers.

  14. Quincy Whig, 26 Aug. 1858.

  15. Stevens, A Reporter’s Lincoln, ed. Burlingame, 75.

  16. Ibid., 85.

  17. Hillsboro correspondence, 2 Aug., Chicago Press and Tribune, 7 Aug. 1858.

  18. Alton correspondence, 15 Oct., New York Tribune (semiweekly ed.), 26 Oct. 1858, in Edwin Erle Sparks, ed., The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 (Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library, vol. 3; Lincoln Series, vol. 1; Springfield, IL: Illinois State Historical Library, 1908), 504.

  19. Congressional Globe, 34th Congress, 1st Session, Appendix, 1274 (9 Aug. 1856).

  20. Douglas’s speech at Galena, 25 Aug. 1858, quoted in the Galena correspondence, 25 Aug. 1858, Chicago Press and Tribune, 27 Aug. 1858.

  21. Douglas in the debate at Quincy, 13 Oct. 1858, Chicago Press and Tribune, 15 Oct. 1858.

  22. Chicago Press and Tribune, 27 Aug. 1858.

  23. Charles Henry Ray to E. B. Washburne, n.p., n.d. [filed at the end of 1858], Washburne Papers, DLC.

  24. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 9 Sept., 25 and 26 Aug. 1858.

  25. Chicago Press and Tribune, 23 and 27 Aug. 1858.

  26. Chicago Journal, 23 Aug. 1858.

  27. Louisville Journal, n.d., copied in the Chicago Press and Tribune, 28 Aug. 1858.

  28. Chicago correspondence, 23 Aug., New York Evening Post, 27 Aug. 1858.

  29. Jesse W. Weik, The Real Lincoln: A Portrait, ed. Michael Burlingame (1922; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), 231.

  30. Thomas J. Henderson, interview with Ida M. Tarbell, 15 July 1895, Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.

  31. Walcott Hamlin to John Hay, Amherst, Massachusetts, 17 Mar. 1887, Nicolay-Hay Papers, IHi.

  32. See above, Chapter Five.

  33. CWL, 3:12–30.

  34. Chicago Press and Tribune, 23 Aug. 1858.

  35. Ottawa correspondence, n.d., Chicago Times, n.d., copied in the Jacksonville Sentinel, 27 Aug. 1858.

  36. Richard Hughes, undated statement, Ida M. Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.

  37. Lincoln to Joseph O. Cunningham, Ottawa, 22 Aug. 1858, CWL, 3:37.

  38. Freeport correspondence, 27 Aug., Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 31 Aug. 1858; Boston Courier, 23 and 24 Aug. 1858, in William Francis Hanna, “Abraham Lincoln and the New England Press, 1858–1860” (Ph.D. dissertation, Boston College, 1980), 24.

  39. Milwaukee News, n.d., copied in the Chicago Weekly Times, 2 Sept. 1858.

  40. Chicago Times, 22 Aug. 1858, in Sparks, ed., Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 142.

  41. Philadelphia Press, 26 Aug. 1858.

  42. Recollections of George Beatty, undated manuscript, Ida M. Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.

  43. Providence Post, 25 Aug. 1858, in Hanna, “Lincoln a
nd the New England Press,” 25.

  44. Chicago Journal, 23 Aug. 1858.

  45. L. D. Whiting to Lincoln, Tiskilwa, 23 Aug. 1858, AL MSS DLC.

  46. Ottawa Republican, 28 Aug. 1858.

  47. Herndon to Richard Yates, Springfield, 26 Aug. 1858, Richard Yates and Catherine Yates Pickering, Richard Yates: Civil War Governor, ed. John H. Krenkel (Danville, IL: Interstate Printers, 1966), 132–133.

  48. Schuyler Colfax to Lincoln, Oxford, Indiana, 25 Aug. 1858, AL MSS DLC.

  49. R. R. Hitt to Horace White, Washington, 10 Dec. 1892, White Papers, IHi.

  50. Chicago correspondence, 23 Aug., New York Evening Post, 27 Aug. 1858.

  51. New York Tribune, 27 Aug., quoted in the Galena Weekly Northwest Gazette, 7 Sept. 1858.

  52. Theodore Parker to William H. Herndon, Boston, 9 Sept. 1858, Herndon-Parker Papers, University of Iowa.

  53. Herndon to Theodore Parker, Springfield, 23 Aug. 1858, Herndon-Parker Papers, University of Iowa.

  54. Ray to Washburne, n.p., n.d., [filed at the end of 1858], Washburne Papers, DLC.

  55. B. Lewis to Lincoln, Jacksonville, 25 Aug. 1858, AL MSS DLC.

  56. Henry C. Whitney to Lincoln, Chicago, 26 Aug. 1858, ibid.

  57. Chicago correspondence, 23 Aug., New York Evening Post, 27 Aug. 1858.

  58. Henry Villard, Memoirs of Henry Villard, Journalist and Financier: 1838–1900 (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1904), 1:92–93.

  59. Thomas J. McCormack, ed., Memoirs of Gustave Koerner, 1809–1896 (2 vols.; Cedar Rapids, IA: Torch Press, 1909), 2:63.

  60. Chicago Press and Tribune, 24 and 28 Aug. 1858.

  61. Chicago correspondence, 24 Aug., New York Evening Post, 28 Aug. 1858

  62. Galesburg Democrat, 13 Oct. 1858, in Sparks, ed., Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 83–84.

  63. Chicago Press and Tribune, 11, 16, 18, 19 Oct. 1858.

  64. Stevens, A Reporter’s Lincoln, ed. Burlingame, 77.

  65. Chicago Press and Tribune, 11 Oct. 1858.

  66. Hitt, journal entry for 28 July 1858, Hitt Papers, DLC.

  67. Benjamin P. Thomas, ed., Three Years with Grant: As Recalled by War Correspondent Sylvanus Cadwallader (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1955), 130; Special Orders 526, Washington, 27 Nov. 1863; Binmore to Stephen Hurlbut, Memphis, n.d. [ca. 14 July 1863], Record Group 94, Entry 158, Office of the Adjutant General, Staff Papers, box 5, file for Henry Binmore, National Archives, Washington.

  68. Stevens, A Reporter’s Lincoln, ed. Burlingame, 78.

  69. Chicago Daily Times, 12, 16 Oct. 1858.

  70. Lincoln to Martin P. Sweet, Centralia, 16 Sept. 1858, CWL, 3:144.

  71. Chicago Press and Tribune, 24, 26 Aug., 11, 13, 16, 18 Oct. 1858.

  72. Chicago Weekly Times, 26 Aug., 2 Sept. 1858.

  73. Chicago Press and Tribune, 16 Oct. 1858.

  74. Ibid., 13 Oct. 1858.

  75. Hitt, journal entry for 23 July 1858, Hitt Papers, DLC.

  76. Charles S. West, “The Lincoln-Douglas Debates,” part 1, Phonographic Magazine (Cincinnati), 15 Nov. 1896, 346.

  77. Horace White, “The Lincoln and Douglas Debates: An Address before the Chicago Historical Society, February 17, 1914” (pamphlet; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1914), 20.

  78. Henry Villard in the Philadelphia Press, 26 Aug. 1858.

  79. Hitt’s journal, entry for 23 July 1858, Hitt Papers, DLC.

  80. Unidentified clipping from a Kansas City newspaper, reference files of the Abraham Lincoln Association, IHi.

  81. Beardstown correspondence, 11 Aug., Chicago Press and Tribune, 16 Aug. 1858.

  82. Lincoln to Peck, Henry, 23 Aug. 1858, Roy P. Basler, ed., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, First Supplement, 1832–1865 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1974), 32–33.

  83. Norman B. Judd interviewed by John G. Nicolay, Washington, 28 Feb. 1876, Michael Burlingame, ed., An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay’s Interviews and Essays (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), 45.

  84. Joseph Medill to Lincoln, n.p. [27 Aug. 1858], AL MSS DLC.

  85. Lincoln to Asbury, Springfield, 31 July 1858, CWL, 2:530.

  86. Medill to Lincoln, n.p., [27 Aug. 1858], AL MSS DLC.

  87. James W. Sheahan, The Life of Stephen A. Douglas (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1860), 424.

  88. Galena correspondence, 25 Aug., New York Evening Post, 1 Sept. 1858.

  89. Freeport Weekly Bulletin, 2 Sept. 1858.

  90. Chicago Times, 29 Aug. 1858, Sparks, ed., Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 189.

  91. Undated statement by William Bross, enclosed in Bross to John Hay and John G. Nicolay, Chicago, 31 Dec. 1886, Nicolay Papers, DLC.

  92. New Yorker Staats-Zeitung, 4 Sept. 1858.

  93. Koerner, Memoirs, 2:64–65.

  94. CWL, 3:39–49.

  95. Chicago Press and Tribune, 30 August 1858.

  96. Don E. Fehrenbacher, The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), 379.

  97. Chicago correspondence, 2 Sept., New York Evening Post, 7 Sept. 1858.

  98. Wilmington, North Carolina, Journal, n.d., in Sparks, ed., Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 526; Louisville Journal, n.d., copied in the Chicago Press and Tribune, 4 Sept. 1858 and in the Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 4 Oct. 1858; Memphis Avalanche, 8 Sept. 1858 and 2 July 1859, in Fehrenbacher, The Dred Scott Case, 513, 705.

  99. Cincinnati Gazette, n.d., copied in the Chicago Press and Tribune, 10 Sept. 1858.

  100. Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 11 Sept. 1858.

  101. Robert W. Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas (New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), 670.

  102. Washington Union, 4 Sept. 1858, in Sparks, ed., Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 522–523.

  103. Johannsen, Douglas, 695.

  104. Davis, speech at Vicksburg, n.d., quoted in the Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 29 Nov. 1858.

  105. Brown, speech in the senate, Congressional Globe, 35th Congress, 2nd Session, 1243 (23 Feb. 1859).

  106. Carlinville correspondence by “Upper Egyptian,” 31 Aug. 1858, Chicago Press and Tribune, 3 Sept. 1858.

  107. Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 15 Sept. 1858.

  108. The States (Washington, DC), 9 Oct. 1858.

  109. Stephen A. Forbes to Charles Beneulyn Johnson, Urbana, 27 Mar. 1917, in Charles Beneulyn Johnson, Illinois in the Fifties, or A Decade of Development, 1851–1860 (Champaign, IL: Flanigan-Pearson, 1918), 166.

  110. Chicago Press and Tribune, 30 Aug. 1858.

  111. Chicago correspondence, 1 Sept., New York Tribune, 9 Sept. 1858.

  112. Freeport correspondence, 27 Aug., Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 30 Aug. 1858.

  113. Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 22 Sept. 1858.

  114. Chicago Press and Tribune 30 Aug. 1858.

  115. Washburne in Allen Thorndike Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time (New York: North American Review, 1886), 27.

  116. Dixon Republican and Telegraph, 2 Sept. 1858; Rockford Republican, 2 Sept. 1858.

  117. Seymour D. Thompson, “Lincoln and Douglas: The Great Freeport Debate,” American Law Review 39 (1905):173.

  118. New Yorker Staats-Zeitung, 4 Sept. 1858.

  119. Cincinnati Commercial, 1 Sept. 1858.

  120. CWL, 3:70–76.

  121. Chicago correspondence, 1 Sept., New York Tribune, 9 Sept. 1858.

  122. New York Times, 9 Sept. 1858; Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 3 Sept. 1858.

  123. Marengo Press, n.d., copied in the Freeport Weekly Bulletin, 30 Sept. 1858.

  124. [Henry Villard], “Douglas und Lincoln, Die dritte Discussion zu Jonesboro, Ill., am 15. Sept.” New-Yorker Staats-Zeitung, 22 Sept. 1858, and “Der Verlauf der Kampagne,” Illinois, 9 Sept. 1858, ibid., 16 Sept. 1858.

  125. David Davis to O. M. Hatch, Springfield and Bloomington, 18 Aug. 1858, For the People: A Newsletter of the Abraham Lincoln Association 4, no. 3 (Autumn 2002):6–7.

  126. Joseph
Fifer, interview with Carl Sandburg, Bloomington, 1923, Sandburg Papers, University of Illinois; speech of Joseph Fifer, 4 Dec. 1935, Bloomington Pantagraph, 5 Dec. 1935, in Sherman Day Wakefield, How Lincoln Became President: The Part Played by Bloomington, Illinois and Certain of Its Citizens in Preparing Him for the Presidency and Securing His Nomination and Election (New York: Wilson-Erickson, 1936), 89–90.

  127. CWL, 3:92–93. This passage from Clay’s works, in slightly different language, appeared in the Great Compromiser’s public letter to Richard Pindell, New Orleans, 17 Feb. 1849, in Melba Porter Hay and Carol Reardon, eds., Candidate, Compromiser, Elder Statesman, 1844–1852 (vol. 10 of The Papers of Henry Clay; Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1991), 575.

  128. Fragment on slavery [July 1, 1854?], CWL, 2:222–223. The date is a guess that may be years off.

  129. Ibid., 3:95–96.

  130. Undated memorandum by Gillespie, Gillespie Papers, IHi.

  131. Whitney, Life on the Circuit, ed. Angle, 59.

  132. Jacksonville correspondence, 6 Sept., Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 8 Sept. 1858.

  133. Carlinville correspondence, 8 Sept., Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 10 Sept. 1858.

  134. Douglas, speech at Paris, Illinois, 31 July, Illinois State Register (Springfield), 4 Aug. 1858.

  135. Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 7 Sept. 1858.

  136. Amy Davis Winship, My Life Story (Boston: Richard G. Badger, 1920), 101.

  137. Sydney Spring to Lincoln, Grayville, 8 Sept. 1858, AL MSS DLC.

  138. Chicago Press and Tribune, 17 Sept. 1858.

  139. Richmond South, n.d., quoted in the New York Evening Post, 21 Sept. 1858.

  140. Speech at Joliet, 31 Aug., Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 10 Sept. 1858.

  141. “Speeches of Senator S. A. Douglas on the Occasion of His Public Receptions by the Citizens of New Orleans, Philadelphia, and Baltimore” (pamphlet; Washington: Lemuel Towers, 1860), 9 (speech of 6 Dec. 1858 at New Orleans).

  142. Frank M. Daulton, who covered the debates for the Quincy Herald, quoted in the Macon, Missouri, correspondence, 26 Nov., New York Sun, 27 Nov. 1904.