The Science of Shakespeare
Page 39
“They go to market…” quoted in Forgeng p. 41.
… and were not taught Latin See, for example, Jensen, p. 512.
more than a hundred works … Travitsky, p. 3.
about 160 such institutions Jensen, p. 512.
“God hath sanctified…” quoted in Pritchard, p. 91.
“… exceptionally troublesome adult” Dodd, p. 91.
“ordered her carriage…” quoted in Doran, p. 54.
“very majestic; her face oblong…” quoted in Nicoll, p. 5.
“… heart and stomach of a king” quoted in Bate, p. 226; Williams, p. 210.
twenty-seven for men; twenty-four for women Forgeng, p. 64.
“It may, in fact, have been…” St. John Parker, p. 6.
“This was an age in which…” Laroque, p. 18.
two kilobytes of memory The Apollo computers also had an additional 32k of read-only storage. See http://downloadsquad.switched.com/2009/07/20/how-powerful-was-the-apollo-11-computer/.
“… about the nature of genius” http://literateur.com/interview-with-james-shapiro.
admission was one penny Chute, p. 58.
“For at one time…” quoted in Pritchard, p. 164.
“great multitudes of people…” quoted in Ackroyd, p. 94.
“… brimful of curiosities” quoted in Harkness, pp. 1–2.
“theatre industry and the sex trade…” Bate, p. 47.
some 2,760 books Kermode, p. 44.
“Scarce a cat can look…” quoted in Chute, p. 65.
“evil disposed men…” quoted in Fitzmaurice, p. 30.
“… the latest literary trends” Shapiro, p. 191.
“self-satisfied pork butcher” quoted in Nicholl, p. 22.
… the possession of the Chandos family See, for example, Bryson pp. 2–4.
“upstart crow…” quoted in Laroque, p. 48.
“the most experienced playgoers…” Shapiro, p. 9.
“ten times … a well-paid schoolmaster” Schoenbaum, p. 212.
“… a serious living by his pen” Bate and Thornton, p. 10.
“… most women of her class” St. John Parker, p. 10.
a story laced with maybes The quotations that follow are from Donnelly and Woledge, p. 10; Greenblatt, Will in the World, p. 71; Day, p. 6; Shapiro, p. 190; Ackroyd, p. 428.
“We must assume” / “could well have” Kermode, pp. 44, 17.
a headline on the BBC News website See http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1007876.stm.
Again, it made headlines Leake, “Bad Bard: a tax dodger and famine profiteer”; Lawless, “Shakespeare the ‘hard-headed businessman’ uncovered.”
“… not the apparel or the books” Bryson, p. 180.
“… but that they are dull” Greenblatt, The Norton Shakespeare, p. 47.
“better known than contemporaries…” Stephen Greenblatt, author interview, May 1, 2012.
“It seems rather circular to me…” http://literateur.com/interview-with-james-shapiro.
“The longer you muse over…” Stephen Greenblatt, author interview, May 1, 2012.
7. THE SCIENCE OF HAMLET
“More things in heaven and earth…” Hamlet (1.5.174).
more than 1,500 lines Hunt, p. 2.
“… but idle coinages” http://shakespearean.org.uk/ham1-haz.htm.
“in the constellation of Cassiopeia…” quoted in Olson, p. 70.
“throughout the scene…” / “seems to imply…” Spencer, p. 207.
“The Pole Star’s usefulness…” Neill, Othello, p. 241.
“knew better than his commentators…” Furness, p. 93.
“the brilliant star Capella…” Jenkins, p. 167.
Capella is out and the supernova is in Thompson and Taylor, p. 151.
some of his fellow actors … Jenkins, p. 190.
multiple versions of the engraving See Olson, p. 72; Gingerich, “Astronomical Scrapbook,” p. 395.
“the most noble and most learned…” Hotson, p. 123.
“it is entirely possible…” Gingerich, “Astronomical Scrapbook,” p. 395.
“I have included four copies…” quoted in Olson, p. 72.
“we may be sure that Tycho’s portrait…” Gingerich, “Astronomical Scrapbook,” p. 395.
“Shakespeare’s imagination…” Olson p. 72.
“an authentic touch of Denmark” Jenkins, p. 423.
“were common among … Danish families” Jenkins, p. 422.
“an admittedly striking…” Marchitello, p. 78.
“… isn’t just a coincidence” Scott Maisano, author interview, June 4, 2012.
the character of Fluellen … Hotson, pp. 119–122.
“Students have never had…” quoted in Johnson, Astronomical Thought, p. 184; I have modernized the spelling.
“a frequent and welcome guest” Hotson, p. 112.
“An underground car park…” Nicholl, p. 50.
As Leslie Hotson has noted Hotson, p. 113.
the wreck of the Sea Venture Bate, p. 58.
“Be sure, our Shakespeare…” quoted in Hotson, p. 247.
“little doubt that from 1590…” Hotson, p. 124
“There is a single general space…” quoted in Janowitz, p. 79.
“… of so noble a theory” quoted in Danielson, p. 133.
“The Ptolemaic science…” Shapiro, p. 299.
“the poem’s first two lines…” Jenkins, p. 242.
“is a clever epitome…” Spencer, p. 249.
“to have left a mark…” Gatti, Essays on Giordano Bruno, p. 142.
“The Bruno–Shakespeare discussion…” Gatti, Essays on Giordano Bruno, p. 146.
favorable mention of Bruno Gatti, Essays on Giordano Bruno, p. 143.
“A convincing basis…” Gatti, Essays on Giordano Bruno, p. 144.
“Whoever wishes to philosophise…” quoted in Gatti, Essays on Giordano Bruno, p. 155.
“a particularly obstinate heretic…” Gatti, Essays on Giordano Bruno, p. 155.
“The truth must be pursued…” Gatti, Essays on Giordano Bruno, pp. 155–6.
8. READING SHAKESPEARE, AND READING INTO SHAKESPEARE
“I argue that as early as 1601…” Usher, Hamlet and the Infinite Universe.
“It is simply not credible…” Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, pp. xix–xx.
“hunting through the canon…” Peter Usher, author interview, May 24, 2012.
“Thomas and Hamlet are both…” Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, pp. 95–96.
“is an excellent fit…” Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, p. 73.
he notes that another astronomer Usher, “Shakespeare’s Cosmic World View,” p. 23.
along with the Oxfordian The journal’s website is http://www.shakespeare-oxford.com.
“widely regarded as the poet Shakespeare…” Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, p. xxiii.
“it has been argued…” Kragh, p. 57.
“The idea of having…” Peter Usher, author interview, May 24, 2012.
“are in such a condition…” quoted in McLean, p. 152.
“there was no persecution…” Chapman, “Thomas Harriot: The First Telescopic Astronomer,” p. 318.
“… the Brunian version of Copernicanism” Sacerdoti, p. 8.
“If he keeps on like this…” http://lafrusta.homestead.com/rec_shakespeare_antonio_cleopatra.html; with thanks to Marina de Santis for translating the review and portions of the book.
“… to invent a vengeful bear” Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, p. 280.
“… the planet Jupiter’s Great Red Spot” Usher, “Shakespeare’s Support for the New Astronomy,” accessed online.
could represent Saturn Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, p. 241.
“… without telescopic aid” Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, p. 69.
“In Hamlet, the Bard describes…”
Usher, “Shakespeare and Elizabethan Telescopy,” p. 17.
“… of resolving such detail” Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, p. xxiii.
“strains credulity” Levy, Science in Early Modern English Literature, p. 67.
“Spyglasses had obvious military uses…” Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, pp. 310–311.
“relatively good, clear images…” Chapman, “Thomas Harriot: The First Telescopic Astronomer,” p. 324.
“quadruple groupings” McAlindon, p. 80.
“unified duality…” McAlindon, p. 48.
“number symbolism co-operates with…” This and the subsequent quotations are from McAlindon, p. 200.
“The explanation, of course…” McAlindon, p. 205.
“the witches’ favourite…” McAlindon, p. 205.
“a far more intricate and artful play…” McAlindon, p. 209.
“the language of proportionality…” These quotations are from Raman, “Specifying Unknown Things,” p. 209.
“the language of Renaissance arithmetic…” Raman, “Death by Numbers,” p. 159.
“… on the finititude of existence” These quotations are from Raman, “Death by Numbers,” pp. 162, 168, 174.
“was often lax with numbers” Jenkins, p. 346.
“The meaning generally given…” http://www.shakespeare-online.com/plays/hamlet/examq/six.html.
“Sometimes a cigar…” Unfortunately, Freud may not have actually said it. See, for example, http://quoteinvestigator.com/2011/08/12/just-a-cigar/.
“the bear’s disruptive…” Abstract distributed at the seminar but not yet posted online.
9. SHAKESPEARE AND GALILEO
“Does the world go round?” Cymbeline (5.5.232).
“Aristotle declares…” Crew, pp. 64–65.
“Philosophy is written…” Drake, pp. 237–8.
“I have many diverse inventions” quoted in Reston, p. 85.
“It is really pitiful…” quoted in Reston, p. 54.
“About ten months ago…” Drake, pp. 28–29.
“by means of which…” quoted in Dunn, p. 22.
“to turn a popular carnival toy…” Gingerich, “Mankind’s place in the Universe,” p. 28.
“On the seventh day of January…” Drake, p. 51.
“… their revolution about Jupiter” These quotations are from Drake, pp. 52–53.
“from the creation of the world…” Drake, pp. 50–51.
“… through so many ages” Drake, p. 49.
as far away as Peking Drake, p. 59.
“without any doubt…” quoted in Swerdlow, p. 261.
“With absolute necessity…” Drake, p. 94.
“now we have not just one…” Drake, p. 57.
“made it intellectually respectable…” Gingerich, “Mankind’s place in the Universe,” p. 28.
“I send herewith unto his majesty…” quoted in Panek, pp. 40–42.
“Me thinks my diligent Galileo…” quoted in Reston, p. 100; I have modernized the spelling.
“An luna sit habitabilis?” Feingold, “Galileo in England,” p. 416.
“became seminal to…” Feingold, “Galileo in England,” p. 415.
“They that buy such books…” quoted in Feingold, “Galileo in England,” p. 416.
a play published in 1618 Feingold, “Galileo in England,” p. 416.
“Columbus gave man…” quoted in Panek, p. 41.
“tragical-comical-historical-pastoral” Bate, Cymbeline, p. vii.
“to waste criticism upon…” These quotations are from Bate, Cymbeline, pp. xii–xiii.
“narrative grips and compels…” Butler, p. 1.
“has often been questioned…” Warren, Cymbeline, p. 54.
“perhaps the head…” Warren, Cymbeline, p. 235.
“These ghosts happen…” Usher, “Jupiter and Cymbeline,” p. 8.
“The book placed on the bosom…” Usher, “Jupiter and Cymbeline,” p. 8.
“Cymbeline has mystical…” Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, p. 171.
“… on new discoveries” Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, p. 183.
“is replete with zodiacal…” Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, p. 224.
“is a paean to the glories…” Usher, Shakespeare and the Dawn of Modern Science, p. xxii.
“If it seems incongruous…” Maisano, “Shakespeare’s Last Act,” p. 403.
“Shakespeare must have seen…” quoted in Maisano, “Shakespeare’s Last Act,” p. 403.
“a backward-looking romance…” Maisano, “Shakespeare’s Last Act,” p. 411.
“… undoubtedly Galileo” Maisano, “Shakespeare’s science fictions,” accessed online.
“the only such utterance…” Maisano, “Shakespeare’s Last Act,” p. 413.
“calls our attention…” Maisano, “Shakespeare’s Last Act,” p. 429.
“seems to have set…” Maisano, “Shakespeare’s Last Act,” p. 415.
“by the evidence of…” Pitcher, p. lxix.
“in Ptolemaic cosmology…” Butler, Cymbeline, p. 220.
“In that year, because of Galileo…” Pitcher, p. lxix.
“as a deliberate and subtle…” Pitcher, p. lxxiii.
“If Galileo’s telescope…” Pitcher, p. lxxiii.
“possibly a way of saying…” Pitcher, p. lxxvi.
“a scientific publication…” Pitcher, p. lxxii.
10. THE ALLURE OF ASTROLOGY
“Treachers by spherical predominance…” King Lear (1.2.108).
… the date of July 11, 1564 Ackroyd, p. 4.
“Saturn was passing through…” quoted in Brigden, p. 299.
“People watched the sky…” Olsen, vol. 1, p. 71.
“a fringe position” Olsen, vol. 1, p. 60.
“an essential aspect…” Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, p. 338.
“had a fair claim to being…” Sharpe, Early Modern England, p. 307.
“man’s body, and all other…” quoted in Hale, p. 568.
“the most part of men…” quoted in Kocher, p. 210.
“An expert and prudent astrologer…” quoted in Thomas, p. 392.
“If thou want’st an heir…” quoted in Thomas, p. 393.
Shakespeare’s company consulted … Ackroyd, p. 374.
an English pamphlet See Hale, p. 567.
“… both truth and falsehood” Montaigne (ed. Screech), p. 44.
“Nowadays among the common…” quoted in Thomas, p. 269.
“probably the most ambitious” / “coherent and comprehensive” Thomas, pp. 340, 391.
“often looked suspiciously…” Kocher, p. 201.
“If we cannot deny…” quoted in Thomas, p. 395.
“not to hear about the stars…” Kocher, p. 207.
“For in those thinges…” quoted in Kocher, p. 213.
“So fared another clerk…” The quotation from The Miller’s Tale, is lines 349–53; http://www.librarius.com/canttran/milltale/milltale331-387.htm.
In the New Cambridge edition These quotations are from Halio, p. 121.
“He scorns the platitudes…” Bevington, Shakesepare’s Ideas, p. 168.
“part of an endeavour…” McAlindon, p. 4.
“hardly any would work…” quoted in Thomas, p. 355.
“lost their reputation…” quoted in Thomas, p. 355.
“For their observations…” quoted in Thomas, p. 398.
“The paradox…” Thomas, p. 401.
“The world could no longer…” Thomas, p. 415.
11. MAGIC IN THE AGE OF SHAKESPEARE
“Fair is foul, and foul is fair” Macbeth (1.1.12).
“perhaps the most striking…” Braunmuller, p. 118.
“The weird sisters rise…” quoted in Braunmuller, p. 24.
“a soul tortured by…” Bradley, p. 276.
“not of brevity but of speed” Bradley, p.
276.
As Terry Eagleton asserts See Dickson, p. 210.
“Long misogynistic traditions…” / “less resistant to Satan’s advances” Edwards, p. 45; Sharpe, Early Modern England, p. 312.
“it was the women who…” Thomas, p. 678.
“old woman with a wrinkled face…” quoted in Thomas, p. 677.
“whether the accused…” Olsen, vol. 2, p. 678.
In England, records show The English and Scottish figures are from Sharpe, “The Debate on Witchcraft,” p. 513, and from Edwards, p. 32.
“wit, understanding, or sence” Olsen, vol. 3, p. 675.
“a thing like a black Dog…” quoted in Edwards, p. 37.
young Edmund admitted Sharpe, “The Debate on Witchcraft,” p. 520.
“to chasten sinful humankind…” quoted in Edwards, p. 39.
“… salvation and damnation” Brigden, p. 302.
“the growing preoccupation…” Edwards, p. 47.
“Sorcerers are too common…” quoted in Thomas, p. 209.
“only one branch…” Thomas, p. 210.
endorsed by scientists … Thomas, p. 261.
“Let a man’s child…” quoted in Thomas, p. 300.
“both one Master…” quoted in Vaughan and Vaughan, p. 63.
“witches, conjurers, enchanters…” quoted in Thomas, p. 307.
“can only be imagined…” Spiller, pp. 26, 36.
“… serious magician and carnival illusionist” Vaughan and Vaughan, p. 63.
“at least possible…” Gatti, Essays on Giordano Bruno, p. 163.
“… science and imposture” Campbell, p. xviii.
“the possibility of telepathy…” Thomas, p. 266.
“I erect the whole of astronomy…” quoted in Rosen, Kepler’s Somnium, p. 100.
the first astrophysicist Gingerich, The Book Nobody Read, p. 168.
“implied an end to the…” Cohen, Revolution in Science, p. 129.
“soul principle” Cohen, Revolution in Science, p. 132.
“a Renaissance scientific paradox…” Debus, p. 100.
“we could easily assemble…” Cohen, Revolution in Science, p. 127.
“foolish little daughter…” quoted in Baumgardt, p. 27.
“the last major astronomer…” Cohen, Revolution in Science, p. 127.
“The overwhelming impression…” Sharpe, Early Modern England, pp. 308–9.
“is precisely because…” Henry, p. 55.
“The end of our foundation…” quoted in Henry, p. 59.