The Last Gasp
Page 40
Holohan, James B. (“Big Jim”), 118, 119, 147
Homosexuals, 2
Honeycutt, Warden H. H., 109, 114
Hoover, J. Edgar, 67, 141
Hop Sing Tong, 70
Höss, Rudolf, 155
Hossack, Anthony R., 35
Hotel Roosevelt, 158
House Un-American Activities Committee, 128
Howard, L. O., 56
Hudson Valley, 26, 27
Huffaker, Dr. Anthony, 79, 82, 83, 90
Hull, Cordell, 169
Hull, Gov. Jane Dee, 228–29
Human Betterment Foundation, 122
humane execution, 2, 7, 10, 15, 30,
Humane Execution Law, 15, 63–64, 69, 70, 72, 85
human experimentation, 46, 57–58, 92, 147–48, 152
Hungary, 158, 159
Hunt, George W. P., 100–101
Huntington Beach, California, 213
Huntington Library, 118
Hurley, J. R., 92
Huxley, Aldous, 188
hydrochloric acid, 110
hydrocyanic acid. See hydrogen cyanide
hydrogen cyanide, 6, 7, 8, 24, 29, 41, 55, 74–76, 77, 80–83, 85, 91, 92, 93–94, 96–98, 101, 109, 110, 112, 117, 131, 142, 152–55, 162–63, 166, 168, 213, 220–22
hydrogen sulfide, 58
IBM (International Business Machines), 127, 136
Ickes, Harold, 130
Idiots, 31
IG Chemie, 168
IG Farben. See Farben, IG
Immerwahr, Clara, 38
immigration, 5, 32, 55, 66–67, 92, 93, 134, 147, 166
Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), 6, 98
Indians, 5, 28, 72, 89
“inhalariums,” 58
insane, 25, 31, 122
insects, 15, 46, 56–57, 62, 91, 93, 94, 97, 131
Institute for Historical Review, 212–13
Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees, 164
International Committee of the Red Cross, 55
International Court of Justice in The Hague, 229–30
International Jew, The, 88
International Military Tribunal, 165
International Workers of the World, 73“In the Penal Colony,” 16, 34
IQ, 115
Ireland, Gail, 115
Israel, 191–93
Italy, 6, 126, 128, 136, 138, 190
Italians, 33, 38, 41
Ives, Edward, 101–2
I Want to Live! 182
Jackson, Associate Justice Robert H., 164–65
Jackson County, Missouri, 123
Japan, 6, 66, 125, 128, 164, 170
Japanese-American internment, 125, 138
Jefferson City, Missouri, 222
Jenkins, Ed, 112
Jersey City, N.J., 127
Jerusalem, 191
Jews, 2, 8, 13, 27, 32, 37, 54, 86–89, 93, 117, 118, 125, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 151–71, 176–77, 188, 190–93, 219, 221–22
Jim Crow, 89, 144
Johnny, Mamie, 72
Johns Hopkins Medical School, 209
Johnson, Edward Earl, 213–14
Johnson, Gov. Edwin C. (“Big Ed”), 102, 103, 105
Johnson, Guy B., 144–45
Johnson-Reed Immigration Act, 5–6
Johnson, Rep. Alfred, 66
Joint Intelligence Committee, 157
Jon, Gee, 1, 6, 70, 75, 77, 78–83, 87, 90, 92, 98
Journal Courier (New Haven, Connecticut), 84
Journal of Historical Review, 212
Journal of the American Medical Association, 100
Juárez, Mexico, 92
Judgment at Nuremberg, 192
Jukes, 26–28, 88
Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity, The, 26, 88
Jukich, Stanko, 85, 90
Kady, Martin III, 225–26
Kafka, Franz, 16, 34
Kahn, Rep. Julius, 54
Kaiser Wilhelm II, 51
Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physikalische Chemie, 37
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute’s Department E, 38
Kansas, 194
Kansas City, Missouri, 123
Karski, Jan, 159
Kee, Tom Quong, 69
Kelley, William Cody, 104–7
Kennedy, Foster, 135, 136
Kenney, Mae E., 99
Kentucky, 12
Kessell, Albert, 121
Keyes, Frederick G., 44
kieselguhr, 92
killing centers, 152, 157. See also names of individual camps
King, Rev. Martin Luther, Jr., 111, 200
Kingsport, Tennessee, 47
Kirchheimer, Otto, 13, 18
Klement, Ricardo, 190
Knight, Gov. Goodwin J., 182
Korean War, 170, 195
Krieger, Hans, 134
Krupp, Alfred, 170
Ku Klux Klan, 87, 101, 178
Kuykendall, Cecil, 107
LaGrand, Karl, 227
LaGrand, Walter, 227–30
Lake Erie, 51
Lamson, David, 186
Land, E. M., 145
Landon, Alfred M., 130
Landsberg Am Lech Fortress Prison, 87
Lang, Dr. Harry C., 82
Langhorst, Harry J., 98
Lantzer, Stanley, 117
Las Vegas, Nevada, 207
Laughlin, Dr. Harry H., 135
Laurence, Michael, 217
Lawes, Warden Lewis, 184
Lawrence, D. H., 26
Lawrence, Lord Justice Sir Geoffrey, 167
Lawrence, W. H., 159–61
Lawson, David, 222–23
League of Nations, 67, 68
League of Women Voters, 67, 71
Leake County, Mississippi, 213
Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary, 71
Lee, Ivy Ledbetter, 128
Lehrecke, Hans, 95
Lend-Lease, 137
Lenz, F., 87–88
lethal chamber, 1, 4, 5, 23–33, 52, 64
“lethal chambered,” 26
lethal gas executions, 1, 2, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 30, 63–64, 112, 130, 141–63, 171, 175, 177–230
lethal injection, 12, 13, 18, 29, 175, 203–4, 211–12
Leuchter, Fred A., Jr., 221–22
Lewis, Gilbert N., 44
Lewis, Winford Lee, 45
lewisite (methyl, G-34), 45–46, 48, 50, 57, 147–48
lice, 131
Liepmann, Moritz, 86
Lincoln, Abraham, 87
Lindbergh, Anne Morrow, 133, 134, 139
Lindbergh, Charles A., 119, 133, 134, 139
Lindsey, William B., 212–13
Linz, Austria, 152
Lions Club, 67, 83
Liston, Earl C., 103, 119–20, 193, 231–36
“Little Lindbergh Law,” 186
Livens Projector, 40, 51
Lódź, 132
Lohwasser, Daniel, 211
London, 25, 157, 188
London Fumigation Company, 98
London’s Society of Arts, 25
Long, William, 112
Longstreth, Joseph E., 187
Loree, Col. Leonor Fresnel, 66
Los Angeles, 62, 66, 76, 78, 85, 122, 185–86, 217
Los Angeles Harbor, 44
Los Angeles Times, 84
Louis, Joe, 111
Louisiana, 214
Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola, 214
Love, Gov. John Arthur, 198
Lovelock, Navada, 63
Lovenhart, Dr. Arthur S., 57–58
Lublin, Poland, 157, 159–60
lynching, 28, 100, 102, 108, 111, 117, 118–19, 140, 141, 144, 176, 178–79, 195
Lyon, Gloria H., 219
MacLaine, Shirley, 188
MacMurray, Fred, 163
Madison Square Garden, 102
Mailer, Norman, 188
Maine, 184
Majdanek death camp, 152, 157, 159–60, 161
Man, the Unknown, 132–33
Manh
attan, 48, 127
Manhattan Project, 45, 169
manifest destiny, 28
Mann, Thomas, 156
Margaret, “Mother of Criminals,” 27
Maricopa County, Arizona, 107
Markiewicz, Jan, 222
Marsh, Gen. Peyton C., 53
Marshall, Justice Thurgood, 208
Martin, Gov. Charles H. (“Iron Pants”), 122–23
Marxism, 18, 88
Maryland, 3, 47, 180, 206, 207, 215, 224
Mask for Privilege, A, 164
Mason, David, 219–20
Mason, Perry, 187
Massachusetts, 221
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43, 44, 47
Mathewson, Christy, 49, 51
mauguinite, 41
Maurice, Emil, 88
Mauthausen concentration camp, 152
Max, 27
Maxwell, Lucia R., 67
Maxwell v. Bishop, 201
Mazal, Harry W., 152–53
McCarthy, LeRoy Hershel, 123
McCarthy, Sen. Joseph, 177
McClesky v. Kemp, 215
McCloy, John J., 125–38, 159, 164, 169–71
McCutchen, Doyle, Brown & Enersen, 217
McDaniels, Otis, 108
McGill University, 137
McKenna, Associate Justice Joseph, 71
McKim, Dr. W. Duncan, 31, 133
McPherson, Warden Alex, 117
McWilliams, Carey, 164
Medical Society of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 30
medical uses of poison gas, 56, 57–58
Meekins, Isaac, 60
Mein Kampf, 7, 88–89, 127
Mein Leben und Werk, 88
Menschliche Erblichkeitslehre und Rassenhygiene, 87
mentally defective, 6, 31, 114
mentally retarded, 2, 6, 28, 114–15, 145–46
Mermelstein, Mel, 213
Merriam, Gov. Frank F., 119
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 119
Mexicans, 91, 131
Michigan, 184, 185, 195
Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCoy, 170
Midland, Michigan, 47
Miller, Arthur, 177
Miller, Col. Thomas W., 60–61
Mina, Nevada, 69
Mineral County, Nevada, 69
mining, 61, 62, 63, 64
Minnesota, 184
Miranda v. Arizona, 201
Mircovich, Andrizia, 62
Mississippi, 3, 108, 143, 178–80, 206, 208–11, 213–14, 216
Mississippi Coalition Against the Death Penalty, 210
Mississippi River, 76
Missouri, 3, 44, 117, 123–24, 178, 180–81, 206, 212, 221
Missouri State Penitentiary, 222
Mitchell, Aaron, 195–98, 203
Mitchell, Charles E., 128
Mitchell County, North Carolina, 108
Mixed Claims Commission, 127
mobile gas chamber, 108
modernity, 14, 15, 16, 17, 28, 33
modern state, 28
Monge, Luis J., 198–99, 208
Mooney, Tom, 187
Moore, Martin, 113
Moral Indignation and Middle Class Psychology, 139
Morgan, J. P., 97, 126, 127
Morgenthau, Secretary of the Treasury Henry, Jr., 170
Mormons, 62, 64
Moros, 54
morphine, 29
Moscow, Russia, 67
Mossad, 191
Mull, Everett T., 118
Muller, Capt. Joe, 80, 82
multiple execution, 146
Munich, Germany, 86, 87, 162
Münster, Germany, 151
Murphy, Ambassador Robert D., 169
Mussolini, Benito, 86, 87, 97, 127
mustard gas, 39, 45, 47, 50, 56, 136, 147–48
Mutual of New York Insurance Company, 137
Myers, C. Kilmer, 195
NAACP Legal Defense Fund, 200–201, 205, 206, 207
Napoleon, 9, 29
Nation, The, 31
National City Bank, 128
National Committee on Prisons and Prison Labor, 63
National Council for the Prevention of War, 67
National Defense Act, 54
National Origins Act, 89
National Socialism, 176
Native Americans, 5, 28, 72, 89, 140, 164, 191
natural selection, 4
Nazi Germany, 1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 13, 15, 86, 95, 108–9, 118, 119, 123, 125, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134–37, 149–71
Nazi Party, 119, 134, 165
Nebraska Supreme Court, 12
Negritos, 54
Nelidoff, Count Alexander, 127
Nevada, 3, 6, 15, 62–65, 66, 69–86, 87, 89, 90–91, 98–99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 117, 146, 151, 206, 207, 211, 228
Nevada Mine Operators Association, 61, 65
Nevada Prison death house, 72–74
Nevada Republican Party, 70
Nevada State Journal, 84
Nevada State Penitentiary, 1, 72–73
New Deal, 97, 102, 123, 129, 141
New Horizons in Criminology, 178
New Jersey, 61, 62, 65
New Mexico, 3, 176, 180, 194, 206, 211
Newport Beach, California, 212
New York, 28, 29, 30, 32, 58, 136, 177, 194
New York City, 26, 31, 84, 88, 126, 134, 135, 158, 162, 188
New Yorker, 165, 191
New York Medico-Legal Society, 29
New York Prison Association, 26
New York Quarantine Station, 94
New York Times, 47, 51, 64, 70–71, 84, 88, 118, 156, 159–60, 161
New York Times Magazine, 207
New Zealand, 176
Niagara Falls, Canada, 62
Niagara Falls, N.Y., 47, 61
Nicolle, Charles
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 139
Nieuwland, Rev. Julius Aloysius, 45
Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, 217, 224–25, 228
nitrogen fixation, 37, 61
nitrous oxide, 30
Nixdorff, Assemblyman Charles F., 136
Nixon, Richard, 188, 203
Nobel Prize, 52
Norris, James F., 43
North Carolina, 3, 60, 108–14, 122, 142, 143–45, 178, 206, 212, 216, 221, 222–23, 225–26
North Carolina Joint Committee on Penal Institutions, 108
North Dakota, 184
Northwestern University, 45
Norway, 175
Notre Dame University, 45
Novick, Peter, 156, 159, 192
Nuremberg Tribunal, 128, 165–68, 170, 191, 230
Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 169
Obersalzberg, 88
Oddle, Sen. Tasker L., 65
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 161, 168–69
Oklahoma, 178, 205, 216
Operation Disinfection, 37
Oregon, 3, 44, 54, 67, 117, 122–23, 146, 176, 193, 194, 211
Oregon State Penitentiary, 122
Oregon State Police, 122
Origin of Species, 4
Ormsby County, Nevada, 82
Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 135
Osservatore Romano, L’, 188
Oświęcim, Poland, 153
Owen, Dr. Leo C., 82
Pacheco, John, 107–8
Pacheco, Louis, 107–8
Pacific R & H Chemical Corporation, 66
Packard, Prof. J. H., 29
Page, Rep. U.S., 108
pain, 16
Palmer, Attorney General A. Mitchell, 67
Panama Canal, 44
Pan American Sanitary Code, 55
Pantstwowe Museum of Auschwitz-Birkenau, 153
Paramount Pictures, 129
Parchman Penitentiary, 179, 210, 214
Paris, 44, 127
Park, James W.L., 198
Parker, Dorothy, 188
Pasadena, California, 118, 122
Passing of the Great Race: The Racial Basis of European History, The, 31, 88
Patel,
District Court Judge Marilyn Hall, 217–22, 224
patents, 42, 43, 92, 95, 98, 120, 131
Paxton, Robert, 86
Pearl Harbor, 138
Peck Gregory, 164
Peele, George, 145
Pehle, John W., 159
Peloponnesian War, 36
Pendleton, Gen. W. N., 36
Pennsylvania, 30
Pennsylvania Board of Public Charities, 30
Penrose, Warden Matt, 99
Pershing, Gen. John J. “Blackjack,” 44, 67, 122
pest removal, 10, 14, 15, 55, 56–57, 92, 93, 94, 97, 131, 152, 164, 166
Peter, William W., 135–36
Peters, Gerhard, 92–93, 131, 166, 167–68
Peterson, Dr. Charles A., 108, 111, 113
Phelps Dodge, 126
Philadelphia, 29, 58, 84, 125
Philadelphia Record, 84
Phil Donahue Show, 223
Philippines, 44, 56, 122
Phillips, Rosanna, 146
phosgene (carbonyl chloride), 38–39, 47, 56,phosphorus, 47, 48
Pickett, Tom, 78
picric acid, 47
Pittman, Sen. Key, 63, 64, 71
Pitts, Oscar, 112
Pittsburgh, 43
poison gas, 26, 54, 55, 57–58, 67, 76, 136
Poland, 109, 131, 134, 137, 149, 155, 157, 159, 222
Polish Jews, 32, 132
political prisoners, 2
politics, 18, 19
poor, 4, 14, 26
Popenoe, Paul, 32, 88
Porter, Bridgie M., 101
Portland, Oregon, 193
Porton Down, 38, 40, 58
Portugal, 175, 190
postmodern, 16
potassium cyanide, 10, 32, 60, 61, 96, 98–99, 106, 110, 111, 112–13, 117, 189
Pound, Roscoe, 135
Powell, Rev. Adam Clayton, 118–19
power, 17
Prague, 34
Prescott, Arizona, 107
presidio, 85, 119
prison revolts, 176
prisoners’ rights movement, 176
Progressives, 1, 5, 123
Protestants, 118
Prussic acid, 6, 29, 50, 59, 149, 165
Pryor, Samuel F., 66
Public Ledger (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 84
public opinion, 55
Pueblo, Colorado, 114
Puerto Rican, 198
punishment, 12–14, 16, 19, 139–41
Punishment and Social Structure, 13
Puteaux, 44
Pure Food and Drug Act, 32
Quakers, 41, 65
Queen Victoria Rifles, 35
race, 4–5, 6, 28, 30, 31–32, 75, 84, 87–89, 132, 133, 143–45, 164, 215
racial segregation, 28, 89, 133, 144
racial supremacy, 4, 6, 28, 135, 140
Raffetto, Fiore, 71
Raleigh, North Carolina, 110, 111
Raleigh News & Observer, 108, 110, 111
“Ralph.” See Respondek, Erwin
Ranean, Inspector Dan, 82
Ranulf, Svend, 139–40
Rascon, Frank, 107
Raskob, Jacob, 97
Rassenrecht in den Vereinigten Staaten, Das, 134