Bastwick, John, ref1, ref2, ref3; The Litany of John Bastwick, ref4
Bate, John, ref1
Batten, Sir William, ref1
Baxter, Richard, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Bedford, Francis Russell, 4th earl of, ref1, ref2, ref3
Bennet, Thomas, ref1
Bentinck, Willem (later 1st earl of Portland), ref1
Berkeley, George, 1st earl of, ref1
Berkley, Sir John, ref1
Berulle, Father, ref1
Berwick: peace treaty negotiated (1639), ref1, ref2
Bethlehem Hospital, ref1
Bible, Holy: King James version, ref1, ref2
Bide, Sir Thomas, ref1
Birch, Colonel John, ref1
Bishop, Captain, ref1
bishops: in Lords, ref1; threatened, ref2; bill of exclusion from parliament, ref3
Bishops’ War: First (1639), ref1, ref2; Second (1640), ref3
Blackstone, Sir William: Commentaries on the Laws of England, ref1
Blackwall, Essex, ref1
Blake, Admiral Robert, ref1, ref2
Bloody Assizes (1685), ref1
Bohemia, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Bombay: as part of Catherine of Braganza’s dowry, ref1
Bond, John, ref1
Book of Common Prayer: puritans ordered to conform to, ref1, ref2; replaced by Directory of Worship, ref3, ref4; and Act of Uniformity (1661), ref5
books: publication and control, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Boteler, Major-General William, ref1
Bothwell Bridge, battle of (1679), ref1
Boyle, Robert, ref1; Hydrostatical Paradoxes, ref2
Bradshaw, John, ref1
Breda, Netherlands, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; declaration of (1660), ref5, ref6
Brentford, Middlesex, ref1
Bright, Ellen, ref1
Brislington, Somerset, ref1
Bristol: Prince Rupert captures and secures, ref1, ref2; falls to parliamentarians, ref3
Bristol, John Digby, 1st earl of, ref1, ref2, ref3
Broderick, Allan, ref1
Brooke, Robert Greville, 2nd baron, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
‘Brothers of the Blade, The’ (dialogue), ref1
Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st duke of: as James I’s favourite, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; titles, ref5, ref6; dancing, ref7; uses sedan chair, ref8; supposed influence on James I, ref9; trip to Spain to make marriage arrangements for Prince Charles, ref10, ref11; mother converts to Catholicism, ref12; hatred of Spain, ref13; Spanish envoys accuse of conspiring against James, ref14; and power of parliament, ref15; urges alliance with France against Spain, ref16; final letter from James, ref17; as principal councillor for Charles I, ref18; escorts Henrietta Maria from Paris, ref19; incompetence at Breda, ref20; parliament criticizes, ref21, ref22, ref23; Protestantism, ref24; unpopularity, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29; mismanages Cadiz expedition, ref30; impeachment, ref31; residence struck by ‘water-pillar’, ref32; Charles orders to expel Queen’s French attendants, ref33; sends naval expedition against France, ref34; military failures, ref35; parliamentary remonstrance against, ref36; and death of Dr Lambe, ref37; plans relief of La Rochelle, ref38; stabbed to death, ref39, ref40; funeral, ref41
Buckingham, George Villiers, 2nd duke of: in Charles II’s entourage, ref1; as Charles II’s first minister, ref2; secret negotiations with France, ref3; arraigned and removed from office, ref4; opposes Danby, ref5; on suspension of parliament, ref6; imprisoned in Tower and released, ref7
Bunyan, John, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; Grace Abounding, ref5; The Pilgrim’s Progress, ref6
Burgh, John, ref1
Burghley, William Cecil, 1st baron, ref1
Burnet, Gilbert, bishop of Salisbury, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Burton, Henry, ref1, ref2
Burton, Robert: The Anatomy of Melancholy, ref1, ref2
Burton, Thomas, ref1
Byron, Sir Nicholas, ref1
cabal: formed under Charles II, ref1; disbanded, ref2
Cadiz, ref1, ref2
Calvinists: in Germany, ref1; and Arminians, ref2, ref3, ref4; Laud attacks, ref5; doctrines suppressed, ref6
Campbell, John, baron, ref1
Carew, Thomas, ref1, ref2
Carey, Sir Robert, ref1
Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight, ref1, ref2
Carleton, Dudley, ref1, ref2
Carlisle, James Hay, 1st earl of, ref1
Carlyle, Thomas, ref1
Carr, Sir Robert, ref1
Carter, Richard: ‘The Schismatic Stigmatised’, ref1
‘Case of the Armie Truly Stated, The’ (pamphlet), ref1
Castlemaine, Barbara, countess of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Catesby, Robert, ref1, ref2
Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II: marriage, ref1; and Charles’s mistresses, ref2; Titus Oates accuses of high treason, ref3
Catholic League, ref1
Catholics: and banishment of Jesuits, ref1; and Gunpowder Plot, ref2; and oath of allegiance, ref3; James I’s hostility to, ref4; and Bohemian crisis, ref5; parliament’s petitions against (1621), ref6, ref7; Spanish and French demand toleration and rights in England, ref8, ref9; and collapse of French embassy with fatalities, ref10; popular hostility to, ref11; granted liberties under James I, ref12; Charles I declares free of persecution, ref13; penal laws reinstituted (1625), ref14; Charles I banishes from court, ref15; and Charles I’s agreement with French to grant freedom of worship, ref16; Laud’s distaste for, ref17; and Irish rebellion, ref18; as royalists, ref19; land forfeited in Ireland, ref20; and Charles II’s declaration of indulgence, ref21, ref22; and Test Act, ref23; and Popish Plot, ref24; James II practises as and favours, ref25
‘Cavalier Parliament’, see under Parliament
cavaliers: as term, ref1; army strength, ref2; behaviour, ref3; see also royalists
Cavendish, William (later 1st duke of Newcastle), ref1, ref2
Cavendish, William, Lord see Devonshire, 4th earl of
Cecil, Sir Edward, ref1
Chalgrave, battle of (1643), ref1
Chamberlain, John, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Charles I, King: and death of brother Henry, ref1; prospective marriage to infanta of Spain, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; douses Villiers in water, ref6; character and qualities, ref7, ref8; and sister Elizabeth’s exile, ref9; trip to Spain to visit prospective bride, ref10; signs marriage contract but withdraws, ref11; assumes authority during father’s decline, ref12; urges war with Spain, ref13; betrothal to Henrietta Maria, ref14; organizes masque, ref15; accession, ref16; manner and style, ref17, ref18; stutter, ref19; appearance, ref20; marriage, ref21; calls first parliament, ref22; finances and funding, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32; on royal authority, ref33, ref34; and Catholicism, ref35; marriage relations, ref36, ref37, ref38; coronation, ref39; addresses to parliament, ref40, ref41; defends Buckingham against parliamentary impeachment, ref42, ref43; conflict with parliament over sovereignty, ref44, ref45, ref46; dissolves parliament (1626), ref47; religious practices, ref48; banishes Catholics from court, ref49; demands loans from counties and peers, ref50; antagonizes judiciary, ref51; and summary imprisonment, ref52; relations to law, ref53; and death of Buckingham, ref54, ref55; takes control of administration after Buckingham’s death, ref56; irresolution over foreign wars, ref57; and religious authority, ref58; attacks Eliot, ref59; dissolves 1629 parliament, ref60; and nine imprisoned members of parliament, ref61; personal rule (1629–40), ref62; foreign policy, ref63, ref64; imposition of taxes and rights, ref65; art collection and patronage, ref66; statues and paintings of, ref67; birth of son Charles, ref68; peaceful years, ref69; interest in local government, ref70; claims sovereignty in all seas, ref71; crowned king of Scotland, ref72; visits Edinburgh, ref73; unpopularity, ref74; religious rules for Scottish Church defied, ref75, ref76, ref77, ref78; prerogative challenged in trial of John Hampden, ref79; insistence on royal power, ref80; sends mil
itary supplies north against Scots, ref81; raises forces at York against Scots (1639), ref82; in Bishops’ War against Scots, ref83; parliament defies (1640), ref84; orders judicial torture of rioting apprentice, ref85; moves to counter Scots in Second Bishops’ War, ref86; defeated at Newburn, ref87; summons great council of peers (1640), ref88; negotiates with Scots, ref89; and fall of Strafford, ref90, ref91; challenged by parliament, ref92, ref93, ref94, ref95; confidence, ref96; cancels exaction of ship-money, ref97; summons parliament to Banqueting House (January 1641), ref98; divides opposition, ref99, ref100; and Strafford’s trial, ref101; signs Bill of Attainder against Strafford, ref102; loyal supporters, ref103, ref104, ref105; plans visit to Scotland (1641), ref106; returns to London from Edinburgh, ref107; and Irish rebellion, ref108; seeks impeachment of members of parliament, ref109; leaves London (1642), ref110; writes to parliament requesting authority and revenues be preserved, ref111; denies parliamentary declaration, ref112; travels to York (1642), ref113, ref114; refused entry to Hull, ref115; raises volunteer army, ref116; rejects parliament’s nineteen propositions, ref117; prepares for war, ref118; raises standard in Nottingham (1642), ref119; army strength, ref120, ref121; at Edgehill, ref122; establishes headquarters in Oxford, ref123, ref124; withdraws from Turham Green, ref125; captures Marlborough, ref126; advances on Gloucester, ref127; disagreements at court of, ref128; summons parliament of supporters in Oxford (1644), ref129; flees Oxford for Worcester, ref130; defeated at Naseby, ref131; Milton denounces, ref132; and Scots’ readiness to negotiate, ref133; and loss of Bristol, ref134; negotiates with Presbyterians and Independents, ref135; surrenders to Scots, ref136; refuses to take covenant, ref137; Scots surrender to parliament for cash, ref138; touches for king’s evil, ref139; travels to London, ref140; New Model Army’s dealings with, ref141; and army’s Heads of Proposals, ref142; at Hampton Court, ref143; discussed at Putney debates, ref144; in Isle of Wight, ref145, ref146; agrees ‘Engagement’ with Scots, ref147; attempts escape from Carisbrooke Castle, ref148; treats with parliamentary commissioners, ref149; seeks to raise army in Ireland, ref150; trial and death sentence, ref151; execution, ref152; images removed, ref153
Charles II, King: birth, ref1; joins father at Greenwich (1642), ref2; accompanies father to York, ref3; in civil war, ref4; letter of resolution from father, ref5; exile abroad, ref6; proclaimed king by Scots, ref7; invited to Scotland (1650), ref8; crosses into England, ref9; crowned king of Scotland, ref10; escapes to France, ref11; correspondence with supporters in England, ref12; moves from France to Spanish Netherlands, ref13; Spain supports, ref14; waits in Flanders to invade England, ref15; and Monck’s position in London, ref16; issues declaration from Breda, ref17, ref18; returns to England and restored to throne, ref19; appearance and character, ref20; bored by administrative business, ref21, ref22; diminished royal power, ref23; practises king’s touch, ref24; religious faith, ref25; coronation, ref26; marriage to Catherine, ref27; mistresses and illegitimate children, ref28; court libertinage and cynicism, ref29, ref30; petitioned by Quaker woman, ref31; declarations of indulgence (on religious toleration), ref32, ref33; direct help in Great Fire of London, ref34; arouses popular distrust, ref35, ref36; dismisses Clarendon, ref37; forms cabal, ref38; negotiates Triple Alliance, ref39; relations with Louis XIV, ref40, ref41, ref42, ref43; expresses desire to convert to Catholicism, ref44; receives subsidies from France, ref45, ref46, ref47, ref48, ref49; declares war on Dutch (1672), ref50; suspends repayment of loans (‘the stop’), ref51; cancels declaration of indulgence, ref52; prorogues parliament (1674 & 1675), ref53, ref54; closes coffee-houses, ref55; secret treaty with Louis XIV, ref56; differences with parliament, ref57; parliament grants money for war against France, ref58; ‘Popish Plot’ against life, ref59; dissolves Cavalier Parliament ( January 1679), ref60; dissolves privy council and forms new council, ref61; prorogues parliament (1679), ref62; fears for survival, ref63; and James as successor, ref64; proclaims Monmouth’s illegitimacy, ref65; serious illness (1679), ref66, ref67; prorogues parliament (1680), ref68; and exclusion crisis, ref69; orders new assembly in Oxford (1681), ref70; decides on personal rule, ref71; Rye House Plot against, ref72; final illness and death, ref73; received into Roman Catholic communion, ref74
Chatham: Dutch penetrate defences (1667), ref1
Cheriton, battle of (1644), ref1
Chester: falls in civil war, ref1
Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 2nd earl of, ref1
chocolate, ref1, ref2
Christian, duke of Brunswick, ref1, ref2
Christian IV, king of Denmark, ref1
Christina, queen of Sweden, ref1
Christmas: abolished (1644), ref1
Church of England (Anglicanism): and authority, ref1; Laud’s ‘Declaration’ on, ref2; alliance with Crown in cleansing kingdom, ref3; practices and rituals, ref4; clergy required to take oath, ref5; convocation supports Charles I, ref6; reforms (1640), ref7; imposed on nation, ref8; in eighteenth century, ref9; Danby champions, ref10
Church of Scotland: Charles I’s canons and Service Book for, ref1, ref2; and national covenant, ref3; general assembly meets (1636), ref4; bishops removed, ref5; see also Presbyterians
Churchill, John (later 1st duke of Marlborough), ref1
civil war (1642–6): beginnings and causes, ref1, ref2; divided loyalties, ref3, ref4; soldiers, ref5; financing, ref6; peace calls, ref7, ref8; conduct of and engagements, ref9, ref10, ref11; siege warfare, ref12; second (1648), ref13; casualties, ref14
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of: on Digby, ref1; on Charles I’s insecurity, ref2; on Charles I’s unpopularity, ref3; on Hampden trial, ref4; on Charles I raising forces at York, ref5; on Berwick peace negotiations, ref6; serves in 1640 parliament, ref7; on accusations against Strafford, ref8; on Irish rebellion, ref9; on parliament’s unpopularity, ref10; on loss of navy to Charles I, ref11; on beginning of civil war, ref12; disparages Essex, ref13; on Prince Rupert, ref14; praises Cromwell as commander, ref15; on Charles I’s trial, ref16; on Cromwell’s assumption of power, ref17; Broderick reports on disaffection to, ref18; as Lord Chancellor under Charles II, ref19; disparages Quakers, ref20; mediates for Charles II, ref21; on Charles II’s discomposure, ref22; and sale of Dunkirk to French, ref23, ref24; fall from favour and dismissal, ref25; exile, ref26; History of the Rebellion, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31
Clarkson, Laurence, ref1
Claypole, Elizabeth (née Cromwell; Oliver’s daughter), ref1
Claypole, John, ref1
Clement X, Pope: burnt in effigy, ref1
Cleveland, John, ref1
Clifford, Thomas, 1st baron, ref1, ref2
Clotworthy, John, ref1
Clough, William, ref1
clubmen, ref1
Cobham, Henry Brooke, 8th baron, ref1, ref2
coffee, 369 coffee-houses, ref1; closed by Charles II and reopened, ref2
Coke, Sir Edward: dispute with James I over law, ref1; and Overbury murder, ref2; James I rebukes and dismisses, ref3; hostility to Spain, ref4; imprisoned, ref5; on Charles I’s finances, ref6; criticizes Buckingham, ref7, ref8; bill prohibiting detention without trial, ref9
Coke, Roger: A Discourse of Trade, ref1
Colchester, Lord (1688), ref1
Colchester, siege of (1648), ref1
Coleman, Edward, ref1
Collection of Anecdotes and Remarkable Characters, A, ref1
committee of safety: formed (1659), ref1
Commons, House of: on established church, ref1; business under James I, ref2; and taxation under James I, ref3; and financing of James I, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; opposes Buckingham, ref8; claims authority to determine country’s religion, ref9; ‘Grand Remonstrance’ (religious manifesto), ref10; inactivity, ref11; and Charles I’s visit to Scotland, ref12; sends declaration to counties, ref13; Vote of No Addresses on Charles I, ref14; call for treaty with Charles I, ref15; differences with Lords, ref16; in exclusion crisis, ref17; see also parliament
Conventicle Act (1664), ref1
&nb
sp; ‘Convention Parliament’, see under Parliament
Conway, Edward, 2nd viscount, ref1, ref2, ref3
Cook, John, ref1
Cornbury, Edward Hyde, viscount (later 3rd earl of Clarendon), ref1
Cornwallis, Sir Charles, ref1
Corporation Act (1661), ref1
Cottington, Sir Francis, baron, ref1, ref2
Cotton, Sir John, ref1
Cotton, Robert, ref1, ref2
council of the north: abolished, ref1, ref2
council of state: Cromwell forms, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
counties: government and administration, ref1
court of highs commission (religious): abolished, ref1
Coventry, Sir Henry, ref1
Coventry: parliamentary prisoners in, ref1
Cranfield, Lionel, ref1
Cromwell, General Lord, ref1
Cromwell, Henry (Oliver’s son), ref1, ref2
Cromwell, Oliver: as member of 1628 parliament, ref1; criticizes Laud, ref2; Philip Warwick describes, ref3; on ‘Grand Remonstrance’, ref4; low estimate of parliamentary army, ref5; forms elite regiment, ref6; engages royalist force at Grantham, ref7; favours religious toleration and plurality, ref8, ref9; as Independent, ref10, ref11, ref12; and Charles’s advance on Gloucester, ref13; in committee of two kingdoms, ref14; promoted lieutenant-general of eastern association, ref15, ref16; background, character and religious faith, ref17, ref18; victory at Marston Moor, ref19, ref20; appearance, ref21; differences with Manchester, ref22; forms New Model Army, ref23; as second-incommand of New Model Army at Naseby, ref24; on victory over royalists, ref25; collapse and neardeath, ref26; Lilburne writes to and praises, ref27; and army discontent, ref28; in new general council of army, ref29; and removal of Charles I from Holmby House to London, ref30; in New Model Army’s march on London, ref31; negotiates with captured Charles I, ref32; at Putney debates, ref33; openly breaks with Charles I, ref34, ref35; throws cushion at Ludlow, ref36; subdues rebels in Wales, ref37; commands at battle of Preston, ref38; considers fate of Charles I, ref39; at Charles I’s trial, ref40; heads council of state, ref41; made commander-in-chief of army, ref42; optimism, ref43; Lilburne attacks, ref44; travels to Ireland and suppresses rebellion, ref45; campaign in Scotland (1650), ref46; illness in Scotland, ref47; final battle at Worcester, ref48; returns to London and rewarded, ref49; aims and reforms, ref50, ref51; dissolves parliament (1653), ref52; dominance and authority, ref53, ref54; reconstitutes parliament, ref55; as Lord Protector, ref56, ref57; abused, ref58; administration and ordinances, ref59; assassination attempts on, ref60, ref61; calls parliament (1654), ref62; venture in West Indies, ref63; orders reform of manners, ref64; depression, ref65, ref66; proposed as king but declines, ref67; posthumous reputation, ref68; enjoys festivities and pleasures, ref69; health decline and death, ref70, ref71; dissolves parliament (1658), ref72; openly criticized, ref73; Marvell’s poems on, ref74; funeral, ref75
Civil War: The History of England Volume III Page 55
