Hess, Hitler and Churchill
Page 45
Ibid., p. 229 [RETURN TO CH 8]
J. Harris and D. Wilbourn, Illusion, pp. 181–3 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See K. Jeffery, pp. 314–5, 343 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See ibid., pp. 361–3 [RETURN TO CH 8]
For his charm, see ibid., p. 314; for his hatred of Vivian, ibid., pp. 365, 380, 403 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See ibid., pp. 378–81. The official was Hans-Bernd Gisevius of the Prussian Interior Ministry [RETURN TO CH 8]
See pp. 123–4; and see TNA FO 371 26542, C4216/324/18 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See G. Gellermann, p. 43 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See K. Jeffery, p. 403 [RETURN TO CH 8]
D. Eccles, p. 158 [RETURN TO CH 8]
J. Colville, p. 770 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Lord Templewood, p. 275 [RETURN TO CH 8]
H.W. Stahmer, pp. 4–5; cited R. Schmidt, p. 163 [RETURN TO CH 8]
H.W. Stahmer Affidavit, Hamburg, 20 May 1948, Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts; Akten betr. Weizsäcker Prozess, Bd, 10/2; cited R. Schmidt, pp. 164, 323 [RETURN TO CH 8]
H.W. Stahmer; cited R. Schmidt, p. 164 [RETURN TO CH 8]
‘halb kaltgestellten, halb auf Lauer liegenden’; A. Haushofer, ‘Gibt es nach Möglichkeiten eines deutsch–englischen Friedens?’, 15 Sept. 1940; cited H.-A. Jacobsen, Bd. 2, p. 459; also W. Stubbe, p. 247 [RETURN TO CH 8]
A. Haushofer, ‘Englische Beziehungen und die Möglichkeit ihres Einsatzes’, Obersalzberg, 12 May 1941; Akten zur Deutschen Auswärtigen Politik 1918–1945, Serie D, Frankfurt, 1963, Bd. 12, No. 500, pp. 654–5 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Sir H. Knatchbull-Hugessen to Sir A. Eden, 8 Jan. 1941; TNA FO 371/26542 C1118/324/18 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See, for instance, M. Gascoigne (British Consul in Tangiers) to R.M. Makins, 21 Apr. 1941; TNA FO 371/26945, C4456/306/41; ‘he [Hoare] has built up so much personal prestige vis-à-vis the Spaniards in Spain …’ [RETURN TO CH 8]
D. Eccles, p. 158; and see ibid., pp. 101–2 [RETURN TO CH 8]
R.M. Makins minute on two wires from Hoare to Churchill, 2 Mar. 1941, 3 Mar. 1941; TNA FO 371/26945 C2065/306/41 [RETURN TO CH 8]
R.M. Makins minute, 25 Apr. 1941; TNA FO 371/26905 C4161/46/41 [RETURN TO CH 8]
P. Padfield, Hess, p. 156 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See p. 112 above; ‘C’ to H. Hopkinson, 19 Feb. 1941; TNA FO 371/26542 C1687 [RETURN TO CH 8]
U. v. Hassell’s diary 16 Mar. 1941; U. v. Hassell, Tagebücher, pp. 232–3 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See W.R. Hess, My Father, p. 70 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Martha Haushofer’s diary 15 Apr. 1941; cited R. Schmidt, p. 166 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Ibid. 26 Apr. 1941; cited ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
See E. Haiger, pp. 112–3 [RETURN TO CH 8]
No. 31 Secret; TNA FO 371/26542 C610/324/18 [RETURN TO CH 8]
FO to Sir R. Craigie (Tokyo), 24 Feb. 1941; ibid. C2189/324/18 [RETURN TO CH 8]
A. Cadogan to S. Hoare, 28 Feb. 1941; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
S. Hoare to A. Cadogan ‘Personal & Secret’, 6 Mar. 1941; ibid. C2505/324/18 f. 75 [RETURN TO CH 8]
R. Makins’ minute, 15 Mar. 1941; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
A. Cadogan to S. Hoare ‘Personal & Secret’, 21 Mar. 1941; ibid. f. 78 [RETURN TO CH 8]
S. Hoare to A. Cadogan, 6 Mar. 1941; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 8]
V. Lequio to Ministry of Foreign Relations, 14 Mar. 1941; Documenti Diplomatici Italiani 1939–1943, 9th Series; cited Scott Newton, p. 20 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Stohrer to Auswärtiges Amt, 13 Mar. 1941, No. 987; Politische Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes, Büro Staatsekretär, England, Bd. 4, f. 108677; cited R. Schmidt, p. 164 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Huene to Auswärtiges Amt, 29 Mar. 1941, No. 635; ibid. f. 108683 [RETURN TO CH 8]
R. Nicolson, p. 149 [RETURN TO CH 8]
See p. 139 above [RETURN TO CH 8]
See p. 140 above [RETURN TO CH 8]
See FO to Madrid, 22 Apr. 1941, No. 592 Important; TNA FO 371/26945 C4140/306/41, and C4147/306/41 [RETURN TO CH 8]
S. Hoare to FO, 25 Apr. 1941, No. 641; ibid. C4245/306/41 [RETURN TO CH 8]
S. Hoare to FO, 25 Apr. 1941, No. 148 (by bag); ibid. C4613/306/41 [RETURN TO CH 8]
Chapter 9: Two-front war
E. Fröhlich, Teil 1, Band 4, p. 557 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Albrecht Haushofer, ‘Gibt es noch Möglichkeiten eines deutsch–englischen Friedens?’, 8 Sept. 1940; cited W. Stubbe, p. 246 [RETURN TO CH 9]
See C. Thorne, pp. 77–8 [RETURN TO CH 9]
See p. 80 above [RETURN TO CH 9]
See, for instance, Viktor Brack’s evidence at the Nuremberg Trials of the Major War Criminals: ‘it was no secret in Party circles by March 1941 that the Jews were to be exterminated’; W. Laqueur, p. 196 [RETURN TO CH 9]
IMT PS 447; and see F. Halder, 13 Mar. 1941, p. 419, note 1 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Testimony of Sonderkommando commander; cited H. Krausnick and others, pp. 62–3 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Cited M. Gilbert, Holocaust, p. 152; and see J. v. Lang and C. Sibyll, p. 73 [RETURN TO CH 9]
See P. Padfield, Hess, pp. 132–3 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaire, CXLVI-23; cited R. Cecil, pp. 195, 227; and see R. Bollmus. p. 120 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Karl Haushofer interrogation, 5 Oct. 1945; IWM FO 645 box 155 [RETURN TO CH 9]
‘Studies in Broadcast Propaganda: Rudolf Hess’; TNA INF 1/192, f. 27 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 9]
See pp. 143–4 above [RETURN TO CH 9]
Martha Haushofer’s diary, 26 Apr. 1941; Bundesarchiv Koblenz, Nachlass Haushofer 128 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Diary 18 May 1941; U. v. Hassell, Andern Deutschland, p. 207 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Albrecht Haushofer, ‘Englische Beziehungen …’, op. cit. Chapter 8 ref. 82; and see W. Stubbe, pp. 254–5 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Carl Burckhardt to Walter Stubbe; cited W. Stubbe, pp. 251–2 [RETURN TO CH 9]
U. v. Hassell’s diary, 18 May 1941; U. v. Hassell, Tagebücher, p. 252 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Interrogation of Karl Haushofer, 5 Oct. 1945; IWM FO 645 box 155 [RETURN TO CH 9]
See Erica Mann, ‘Hess Meeting in Spain was Fixed’, Glasgow Evening Citizen, 20 Sept. 1945 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Martha Haushofer’s diary, 3–5 May 1941; Bundesarchiv Koblenz, Nachlass Haushofer 128 [RETURN TO CH 9]
R. Hess to Ilse Hess, 12 Feb. 1950, Spandau; I. Hess, Schicksal, pp. 211–2 [RETURN TO CH 9]
See R. Schmidt, p. 170 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 9]
See A. Masters, pp. 127–8; according to which Ian Fleming, later the ‘James Bond’ author, then in naval intelligence, conceived the idea of resurrecting the extreme right-wing British organisation, The Link, to create a picture of a group powerful enough to overthrow Churchill and negotiate peace; then briefed an astrologer via a Swiss contact to infiltrate Hess’s astrological circle and let it be known via MI6 that the Duke of Hamilton would be sympathetic to meeting Hess as a peace negotiator [RETURN TO CH 9]
See H.-A. Jacobsen, Band I, pp. 403 f; Band II, pp. 523 ff; and see D. Irving, Hess, pp. 60–1 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Col. Gibson Graham, ‘Memorandum on Herr Rudolf Hess’, undated, p. 3; TNA 1093/11, f. 75 [RETURN TO CH 9]
R. Hess to Ilse Hess, 2 Feb. 1942, England; TNA FO 1093/3, f. 19 [RETURN TO CH 9]
W.R. Hess, My Father, pp. 60–2; citing Hess’s flying mentor Helmut Kaden’s report under oath, 4 May 1981 [RETURN TO CH 9]
See I. Kershaw, Nemesis, p. 368; citing Gen. Halder’s KTB (war diary) [RETURN TO CH 9]
Völkischer Beobachter, 2 May 1941; and see Hess personal file; IWM FO 643/31 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 9]
Aktenvermerk, W. Messerschmitt to Caroli, No. 92/41, 2 May 1941; IWM FO 4355/45, vol. 4, box 5206, Handakten Messerschmitt; cited D. Irving, Hess, p. 63 [RETURN TO CH 9]
See D. Irving, Hess, p. 63 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Hitler’s speech 4 May 1941; http://der-fuehrer.org/reden/english/41.05.04.htm [RETURN TO CH 9]
Hans Frank diary, Anlage: IWM AL 2525; cited D. Irving, Hess, p. 64 [RETURN TO CH 9]
IMT doc. M-117 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Cited Sunday Dispatch, 30 Sept. 1945; copy in TNA FO 371/46780, C4725 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 9]
Anthony Eden, ‘Why Hess came to England’, The Times, 23 Sept. 1943 [RETURN TO CH 9]
W.R. Hess, Mord, p. 148; and W.R. Hess, My Father, pp. 68, 341–2 [RETURN TO CH 9]
See p. 32 above [RETURN TO CH 9]
J. Colville, p. 383 [RETURN TO CH 9]
See W.R. Hess, My Father, p. 83 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Log of Flugkapitän Helmut Kaden; cited R.C. Nesbit and G. v. Acker, pp. 154–5 [RETURN TO CH 9]
Chapter 10: Take off!
I. Hess, Schicksal, pp. 67–8 [RETURN TO CH 10]
7 May 1941; H. Nicolson, p. 164 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Hansard, 7 May 1941; cited M. Gilbert, Finest Hour, p. 1084 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Diary 7 May 1941; J. Colville, p. 384 [RETURN TO CH 10]
7 May 1941; E. Fröhlich, Teil 1, Band 4, p. 627 [RETURN TO CH 10]
8 May 1941; H. Nicolson, p. 165 [RETURN TO CH 10]
9 May 1941; E. Fröhlich, Teil 1, Band 4, pp. 631–2 [RETURN TO CH 10]
See D. Irving, Hess, p. 64 [RETURN TO CH 10]
W.R. Hess, Mord, p. 149; and Dr Koeppen (Rosenberg’s adjutant in 1941) to L. Charlton; L. Charlton to author, 22 June 1990 [RETURN TO CH 10]
W. Bechtold (on staff of legal officer, Dr Gerhard Klopfer), 30 Apr. 1946; Nat. Archives, Washington, RG 238 box 180; cited D. Irving, Hess, p. 64 [RETURN TO CH 10]
K.-H. Pintsch statement to J. Leasor; J. Leasor, p. 80; confirmed by Dr Gibson Graham, ‘Memorandum on Herr Rudolf Hess’, May 1941, p. 3; TNA FO 1093/11 f. 75 [RETURN TO CH 10]
R. Hess to W. Darré, 9 May 1941; Bundesarchiv Koblenz, Schumacher collection; cited W.R. Hess, My Father, p. 83 [RETURN TO CH 10]
K.-H. Pintsch to J. Leasor; J. Leasor, p. 82 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Rosenberg interrogation, 16 Nov. 1945, p. 12; IWM FO 645 box 160 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Dr Koeppen, op. cit. ref. 9 above [RETURN TO CH 10]
I. Hess, Schicksal, pp. 69–70 [RETURN TO CH 10]
See J. Leasor, p. 85 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 10]
I. Hess, Schicksal, p. 70 [RETURN TO CH 10]
K.-H. Pintsch to J. Leasor; J. Leasor, pp. 88–90 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 10]
See R.C. Nesbit and G. v. Acker, pp. 51–3 [RETURN TO CH 10]
H. Colyton, pp. 177–8 [RETURN TO CH 10]
R. Hess to ‘Meinem Sohn’, 15 June 1941, England; TNA FO 1093/1 ff. 38–42 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Len Deighton, ‘Hess the Aviator’, unsourced, in D. Stafford (ed.), p. 131 [RETURN TO CH 10]
R. Hess to Ilse Hess, letters May–July 1947, Nuremberg; I. Hess, Schicksal, p. 82 [RETURN TO CH 10]
R. Hess to Ilse Hess, 9 May 1948, Spandau; ibid., pp. 180–1 [RETURN TO CH 10]
R. Hess to Ilse Hess; op. cit. ref. 26 above, p. 84 [RETURN TO CH 10]
R. Hess to ‘Meinem Sohn’; op. cit. ref. 24 above [RETURN TO CH 10]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 10]
Ibid.; and R. Hess to Ilse Hess; op. cit. ref. 26 above, p. 86 [RETURN TO CH 10]
R. Hess to Ilse Hess, 1947, Spandau; I. Hess, Schicksal, p. 163. Explanation of how Hess arrived at his stall by Ron Williams, ex-Fleet Air Arm and British Airways pilot [RETURN TO CH 10]
R. Hess to Ilse Hess; op. cit. ref. 26 above, p. 87 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Ibid., p. 82; see Air Vice Marshal Sandy Johnstone’s similar view of Hess’s chances of landing at Dungavel, ref. 35 below [RETURN TO CH 10]
R. Hess to Ilse Hess, 9 May 1948; I. Hess, Schicksal, p. 180; Air Vice Marshal Sandy Johnstone, a friend of Hamilton, wrote in his memoirs that Hess told Hamilton he had intended to land at Dungavel, have a talk with him, then return to Germany. Yet, Johnstone continued, ‘the small landing strip Douglo [Hamilton] had laid down there … would have been totally inadequate for a fast military aircraft and, in all probability Hess plus Messerschmidt [sic], would have ended up in a ball of fire’; Sandy Johnstone, Diary of an Aviator, Airlife Publishing, 1993, p. 43 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Hess’s pilot’s notes; from late Prof. A.W. Brian Simpson, Ann Arbor, Michigan, who received them from a former commanding officer of RAF Navigators’ School, to author, 5 May, 18 Aug. 2008 [RETURN TO CH 10]
L. Heydrich, Leben mit einen Kriegsverbrecher, 1976, p. 72; cited E. Calic, p. 380 [RETURN TO CH 10]
E. Calic, p. 426; E. Calic to author, 14 Dec. 1989 [RETURN TO CH 10]
A. Galland, p. 108 [RETURN TO CH 10]
See J. Leasor, pp. 94–5 [RETURN TO CH 10]
The Yorkshire Post, 4 Nov. 1969 [RETURN TO CH 10]
See The Times, 12 May 1941 [RETURN TO CH 10]
J. Douglas to author, 13 May 1991; the former head of the London Information Bureau, John Keyser, wrote, ‘Knowing Jim [Douglas] I would think his memory was likely to be correct’; J. Keyser to author, 20 Sept. 1991 [RETURN TO CH 10]
BBC Monitoring Service ‘flash’, 12 May 1941; IWM Box A 216 [RETURN TO CH 10]
J. Douglas to author, 13 May, 2 Aug., Oct. 1991: ‘There is no possible doubt about my recollection of the Hess affair. I would not have awakened my wife in bed at Richmond after midnight on 10 [11] May to tell her that Hess had gone missing if there had been any doubt. As regards the ‘flashes’ they were probably removed by Intelligence.’ [RETURN TO CH 10]
See F. Ashbee (Filter Room ‘teller’ at Bentley Priory, 10 May 1941), ‘the thunderstorm that was Hess’, Aeroplane Monthly, Oct. 1987, p. 530; and ‘Report No. 195 Operational Research Section’, 18 May 1941; cited R.C. Nesbit and G. v. Acker, pp. 156–7 [RETURN TO CH 10]
‘Report No. 195’; op. cit. ref. 46 above [RETURN TO CH 10]
RAF Ouston ORB, 10 May 1941; TNA AIR 28/624 [RETURN TO CH 10]
RAF 72 Squadron ORB, 10 May 1941; TNA AIR 27/624. [RETURN TO CH 10]
Maurice Pocock to author, 16 Apr. 1990 [RETURN TO CH 10]
‘An Observer’s Diary’, Airfix Magazine, Dec. 1985, p. 157 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Ibid.; and T.W. Dobson (Duty Controller ROC Ops Room, Durham, 10 May 1941) to author, 16 May 1991 [RETURN TO CH 10]
See ‘Report No. 195’; op. cit. ref. 46 above; and No. 30 Observer Centre recording of Raid 42; 23 Group ROC Historical Archive Committee [RETURN TO CH 10]
‘Report No. 195’; op. cit. ref. 46 above [RETURN TO CH 10]
RAF Ouston ORB, 10 May 1941; op. cit. ref. 48 above [RETURN TO CH 10]
RAF 72 Squadron ORB, 10 May 1941; op. cit. ref. 49 above [RETURN TO CH 10]
No. 30 Observer Centre recording; op. cit. ref. 53 above [RETURN TO CH 10]
‘An Observer’s Diary’; op. cit. ref. 51 above, pp. 157–8 [RETURN TO CH 10]
RAF Ayr ORB, 10 May 1941, 22.34; TNA AIR 28/40: ‘This raid, numbered 42J … was thought to be an Me110’ [RETURN TO CH 10]
Sqdn Ldr R.G. ‘Tim’ Woodman to author, 24 June 1941, citing personal information from Wing Cdr Wolfe, C.O. of 141 Squadron and on duty with Cuddie on standby. [RETURN TO CH 10]
Maurice Pocock to author, 16 Apr. 1990 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Jiri Rajlich, Stíhací Pilot, Prague, 1991 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Vaclar Baumann’s flying log, 10 May 1941; photocopy sent to author by Andrew Rosthorn, 4 Oct. 2000, toge
ther with translation of relevant section of Rajlich’s book. [RETURN TO CH 10]
The translation (ref. 63 above) has this significant passage: ‘after dark [there] landed a liaison Anson [aeroplane] with several strange RAF officers who immediately summoned both Czech sergeants. They were separately subjected to intensive interrogation, they asked them about impossible details …’ [RETURN TO CH 10]
So Hamilton told author James Leasor after the war; J. Leasor, p. 105; Hamilton’s flying log confirms that he did fly a Hurricane for one hour on 10 May 1941 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Joseph W. Debney (junior NCO at 42 AA Brigade office, King’s Park, Glasgow, 10 May 1941) to author, 14 May 1991 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Ibid. [RETURN TO CH 10]
Dennis Rose (Duty Officer Ops Room 42 AA Brigade, King’s Park, Glasgow, 10 May 1941) to author, 12 May 1941 [RETURN TO CH 10]
‘An Observer’s Diary’; ref. 51 above, p. 158; R.G. Woodman (ref. 60 above) to author, 11 June 1991 [RETURN TO CH 10]
D. Wood, p. 3; ‘An Observer’s Diary’; ref. 51 above, p. 158 [RETURN TO CH 10]
‘Rudolf Hess in Scotland’; The Bulletin & Scots Pictorial, 13 May 1941; reproduced in J. Douglas-Hamilton, Motive, endpapers; I. Hess, Schicksal, p. 88; J. Leasor, p. 26; The Times, 14 May 1941 report omits any mention of Dungavel or the Duke of Hamilton [RETURN TO CH 10]
Alan Starling, ‘In the Home Guard’, Everyone’s War, 25, Summer 2012, p. 23 [RETURN TO CH 10]
L. Picknett, C. Prince, S. Prior, p. 203, citing account adapted from Hong Kong Telegraph, 6 Mar. 1947 in McBride’s papers in S. Prior’s possession [RETURN TO CH 10]
Alan Starling, op. cit., ref. 72 above [RETURN TO CH 10]
L. Picknett, C. Prince, S. Prior, pp. 206–7 [RETURN TO CH 10]
Ibid., p. 199 [RETURN TO CH 10]
See pp. 168–9 above [RETURN TO CH 10]
See pp. 169–71 above [RETURN TO CH 10]
‘Extract from Duty Officer’s [Clyde Sub-Area] Report for night of 10/11 May ’41’; TNA WO 199/3288A [RETURN TO CH 10]
‘German P.O.W. Captured Night 10/11 May ’41 – Report by Night Duty Officer’; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 10]
Col. R.C. Firebrace, Scottish Area Command (Intelligence) memo., 18 May 1941; ibid. [RETURN TO CH 10]