Robots & Empire

by Robots

  Gladia looked from D.G. to Daneel and back and said in a low voice, "I suppose I am being unreasonable. Very well, no more hind sights."

  They had reached the ship. Crew members poured out at the sight of them. Gladia noticed they were armed.

  D.G. beckoned to his second-in-command. "Oser, I presume you see that object the two robots are carrying?"

  "Yes, sir."

  "Well, have them carry it on board. Have it put in the security room and kept there. The security room is then to be locked and kept locked." He turned away for a moment, then turned back. "And Oser, as soon as that is done, we will prepare to take off again."

  Oser said, "Captain, shall we keep the robots as well?"

  "No. They are too simple in design to be worth much and, under the circumstances, taking them would create undesirable consequences. The device they are carrying is much more valuable than they are."

  Giskard watched the device being slowly and very carefully maneuvered into the ship. He said, "Captain, I am guessing that that is a dangerous object."

  "I'm under that impression, too," said D.G. "I suspect that the ship would have been destroyed soon after we were."

  "That thing?" said Gladia. "What is it?"

  "I can't be certain, but I believe it is a nuclear intensifier. I've seen experimental models on Baleyworld and this looks like a big brother."

  "What is a nuclear intensifier?"

  "As the name implies, Lady Gladia, it's a device that intensifies nuclear fusion."

  "How does it do that?"

  D.G. shrugged. "I'm not a physicist, my lady. A stream of W particles is involved and they mediate the weak interaction. That's all I know about it."

  "What does that do?" asked Gladia.

  "Well, suppose the ship has its power supply as it has right now, for instance. There are small numbers of protons, derived from our hydrogen fuel supply, that are ultrahot and fusing to produce power. Additional hydrogen is constantly being heated to produce free protons, which, when hot enough, also fuse to maintain that power. If the stream of W particles from the nuclear intensifier strikes the fusing, protons, these fuse more quickly and deliver more heat. That heat produces protons and sets them to fusing more quickly than they should be and their fusion produces still more heat, which intensifies the vicious cycle. In a tiny fraction of a second, enough of the fuel fuses to form a tiny thermonuclear bomb and the entire ship and everything upon it is vaporized.

  Gladia looked awed. "Why doesn't everything ignite9 Why doesn't the whole planet blow up.

  "I don't suppose there's danger of that, madam. The protons have to be ultrahot and fusing. Cold protons are so unapt to fuse that even when the tendency is intensified to the full extent of such a device, that still is not enough to allow fusion. At least, that's what I gathered from a lecture I once attended. And nothing but hydrogen is affected, as far as I know. Even in the case of ultrahot protons, the heat produced does not increase without measure. The temperature cools with distance from the intensifier beam, so that only a limited amount of fusion can be forced. Enough to destroy the ship, of course, but there's no question of blowing up the hydrogen-rich oceans, for instance, even if part of the ocean were ultraheated-and certainly not if it were cold."

  "But -if the machine gets turned on accidentally in the storage room-"

  "I don't think it can get turned on." D.G. opened his hand and in it rested a two-centimeter cube of polished metal. "From what little I - know of such things, this is an activator and the nuclear intensifier can do nothing without it."

  "Are, you sure?"

  "Not entirely, but we'll just have to chance it, since I must get that thing back to Baleyworld. Now let's get on board."

  Gladia and her two robots moved up the gangplank and into the ship. D.G. followed and spoke briefly to some of his officers.

  He then said to Gladia, his weariness beginning to show, "It will take us a couple of hours to place all our gear on board and be ready for takeoff and every moment increases the danger."

  "Danger?"

  "You don't suppose that fearful woman robot is the only one of its kind that may exist on Solaria, do you? Or that the nuclear intensifier we have captured is the only one of its kind? I suppose it will take time for other humanoid robots and other nuclear intensifiers to be brought to this spot-perhaps considerable time-but we must give them as little as possible. And in the meantime, madam, let us to go your room and conduct some necessary business."

  "What necessary business would that be, Captain?"

  "Well," said D.G., motioning them forward, "in view of the fact that I may have been victimized by treason, I think I will conduct a rather informal court-martial."

  D.G. said, after seating himself with an audible groan, "What I really want is a hot shower, a rubdown, a good meal, and a chance to sleep, but that will all have to wait till we're off the planet. It will have to wait in your case, too, madam. Some things will not wait, however, my question is this. Where were you, Giskard, while the rest of us were faced with considerable danger?"

  Giskard said, "Captain, it did not seem to me that if robots alone were left on the planet, they would represent any danger. Moreover, Daneel remained with you."

  Daneel said, "Captain, I agreed, that, Giskard would reconnoiter and that I would remain with Madam Gladia and with you."

  "You two agreed, did you?" said D.G. "Was anyone else consulted?"

  "No, Captain," said Giskard.

  "I you were certain that the robots were harmless, Giskard, how did you account for the fact that two ships were destroyed?"

  "It seemed to me, Captain, that there must remain human beings on the planet, but that they would do their best not to be seen by you. I wanted to know I where they were and what they were doing. I was in search of them, covering the ground as rapidly as I could. I questioned the robots I met."

  "Did you find any human beings?"

  "No, Captain."

  "Did you examine the house out of which the overseer emerged?"

  "No, Captain, but I was certain there were no human beings within it. I still am."

  "It contained the overseer."

  "Yes, Captain, but the overseer was a robot."

  "A dangerous robot."

  "To my regret, Captain, I did not realize that."

  "You feel regret, do you?"

  "It is an expression I choose to describe the effect on my positronic circuits. It is a rough analogy to the term as human beings seem to use it, Captain."

  "How is it you didn't realize a robot might be, dangerous?"

  "By the Three Laws of Robotics-"

  Gladia interrupted, "Stop this, Captain. Giskard only knows what he is programmed to know. No robot is dangerous to human beings, unless there is a deadly quarrel between human beings and the robot must attempt to stop it. In such a quarrel, Daneel and Giskard would undoubtedly have defended us with as little harm to others as possible."

  "Is that so?" D. G. put two fingers to the bridge of his nose and pinched. "Daneel did defend us. We were fighting robots, not human beings, so he had no problem in deciding whom to defend and to what extent. Yet he showed astonishing lack of success, considering that the Three Laws do not prevent him from doing harm, to robots. Giskard remained out of it, returning at the precise moment when it was over. Is it possible that there is a bond of sympathy among robots? Is it possible that robots, when defending human beings against robots, somehow feel what Giskard calls 'regret' at having to do so and perhaps fail or absent themselves---"

  "No!" exploded Gladia forcefully.

  "No?" said D.G. "Well, I don't pretend to be an expert roboticist. Are you, Lady Gladia?"

  "I am not a roboticist of any sort," said Gladia, "but I have lived with robots all my life. What you suggest is ridiculous. Daneel was quite prepared to give his life for me and Giskard would have done the same.

  "Would any robot have done so?"

  "Of course."

  "And yet this overseer, this
Landaree, was quite ready to attack me and destroy me. Let us grant that, in some mysterious way, she detected that Daneel, despite appearances, was as much a robot as she herself was-despite appearances-and that she had no inhibitions when it came to harming him. How is it, though, that she attacked me when I am unquestionably a human being? She hesitated at you, admitting you were human, but not me. How could a robot discriminate between the two of us? Was she perhaps not really a robot?"

  "She was a robot," said Gladia. "Of course she was. But-the truth is, I don't know why she acted as she did. I have never before heard of such a thing. I can only suppose the Solarians, having learned how to construct humanoid robots, designed them without the protection of the Three Laws, though I would have sworn that the Solarians-of all Spacers-would have been the last to do so. Solarians are so outnumbered by their own robots as to be utterly dependent on them-to a far greater extent than any other Spacers are -and for that reason they fear them more. Subservience and even a bit of stupidity were built into all Solarian robots. The Three Laws were stronger on Solaria than anywhere else, not weaker. Yet I can think of no other way of explaining Landaree than to suppose that the First Law was----"

  Daneel said, "Excuse me, Madam Gladia, for interrupting. May I have your permission to attempt an explanation of the overseer's behavior?"

  D.G. said sardonically, "It comes to that, I suppose. Only a robot can explain a robot."

  "Sir," said Daneel, "unless we understand the overseer, we might not be able to take effective measures in the future against the Solarian danger. I believe I have a way of accounting for her behavior."

  "Go ahead," said D.G.

  "The overseer," said Daneel, "did not take instant measures against us. She stood and watched us, for a while, apparently uncertain as to how to proceed. When you, Captain, approached and addressed her, she announced that you were not human and attacked you instantly. When I intervened and cried out that she was a robot, she announced that I was not human and attacked me at once, too. When Lady Gladia came forward, however, shouting at her, the overseer recognized her as human and, for a while, allowed herself to be dominated."

  "Yes, I remember all that, Daneel. But what does it mean?"

  It seems to me, Captain, that it is possible to alter a robot's behavior fundamentally without ever touching the Three Laws, provided, for instance, that you alter the definition of a human being. A human being, after all, is only what it is defined to be."

  "Is that so? What do you consider a human being to be?"

  Daneel was not concerned with the presence or absence of sarcasm. He said, "I was constructed with a detailed description of the appearance and behavior of human beings, Captain. Anything that fits that description is a human being to me. Thus, you have the appearance and the behavior, while the overseer had the appearance but not the behavior.

  "To the overseer, on the other hand, the key property of a human being was speech, Captain. The Solarian accent is a distinctive one and to the overseer something that looked like a human being was defined as a human being only if it spoke like a Solarian. Apparently, anything that looked like a human being but did not speak with a Solarian accent was to be destroyed without hesitation, As was any ship carrying such beings."

  D.G. said thoughtfully, "You may be right."

  "You have a Settler accent, Captain, as distinctive in its way, as the Solarian accent is, but the two are widely different. As soon as you spoke, you defined yourself as nonhuman to the overseer, who announced that and attacked."

  "And you speak with an Auroran accent and were likewise attacked."

  "Yes, Captain, but Lady Gladia spoke with an authentic Solarian accent and so she was recognized as human."

  D.G. considered the matter silently for a while, then said, "That's a dangerous arrangement, even for those who would make use of it. If a Solarian, for any reason, At any time addressed such a robot in a way that the robot did not consider an authentic Solarian accent, that Solarian would be attacked at once. If I were a Solarian, I would be afraid to approach such a robot. My very effort to speak- pure Solarian might very likely throw me off and get me killed."

  "I agree, Captain," said Daneel, "and I would imagine that that is why those who manufacture robots do not ordinarily limit the definition of a human being, but leave it as broad as possible. The Solarians, however, have left the planet. One might suppose that the fact that overseer robots have this dangerous programming is the best indication that the Solarians have really left and are not here to encounter the danger. The Solarians, it appears, are at this moment concerned only that no one who is not a Solarian be allowed to set foot on the planet."

  "Not even other Spacers?"

  "I would expect, Captain, that it would be difficult to define a human being in such a way as to include the dozen of different Spacer accents and yet exclude the scores of different Settler accents. Keying the definition to the distinctive Solarian accent alone would be difficult enough."

  D.G. said, "You are very intelligent, Daneel, I disapprove of robots, of course, not in themselves but as an unsettling influence on society. And yet, with a robot such as yourself at my side, as you were once at the Ancestor's----"

  Gladia interrupted. "I'm afraid not, D.G. Daneel will never be a gift, nor will he ever be sold, nor can he be easily taken by force."

  D.G. lifted his hand in a smiling negative. "I was merely dreaming, Lady Gladia. I assure you that the laws of Baleyworld would make my possession of a robot unthinkable."

  Giskard said suddenly, "May I have your permission, Captain, to add a few words?"

  D.G. said, "Ah, the robot who managed to avoid the action and who returned when all was safely over."

  "I regret that matters appear to be as you have stated. May I have your permission, Captain, to add a few words, notwithstanding?"

  "Well, go on."

  "It would seem, Captain, that your decision to bring the Lady Gladia with you on this expedition has worked out very well. Had she been absent and had you ventured on your exploratory mission with only members of the ship's crew as companions, you would all have been quickly killed and the ship destroyed. It was only Lady Gladia's ability to speak like a Solarian and her courage in facing the overseer that changed the outcome."

  "Not so," said D.G., "for we would all have been destroyed, possibly even Lady Gladia, but for the fortuitous event that the overseer spontaneously inactivated."

  "It was not fortuitous, Captain," said Giskard, "and it is extremely unlikely that any robot will inactivate spontaneously. There has to be a reason for inactivation and I can suggest one possibility. Lady Gladia ordered the robot to stop on several occasions, as friend Daneel has told me, but the instructions under which the overseer worked were more forceful.

  "Nevertheless, Lady Gladia's actions served to blunt the overseer's resolution, Captain. The fact that Lady Gladia was an undoubted human being, even by the overseer's definition, and that she was acting in such a way as to make it necessary, perhaps, for the overseer to harm her-or even kill her- blunted it even farther. Thus, at the crucial moment, the two contrary requirements having to destroy nonhuman beings and having to refrain from harming human beings balanced and the robot froze, unable to do anything, Its circuits burned out-,

  Gladia's brows drew together in a puzzled frown. "But---" she began and then subsided.

  Giskard went on, "It strikes me that it might be well for you to inform the crew of this. It might well ease their distrust of Lady Gladia if you stress what her initiative and courage have meant to every man in the crew, since it has kept them alive. It might also give them an excellent opinion of your own foresight in insisting on having her on board on this occasion, perhaps even against the advice of your own officers."

  D.G. let loose a great shout of laughter. "Lady Gladia, I see now why you will not be separated from these robots. They are not only as intelligent as human beings, they are every bit as devious. I congratulate you on your having them. And now, if
you don't mind, I must hurry the crew. I don't want to stay on Solaria for one moment more than necessary. And I promise you that you won't be disturbed for hours. I know you can use freshening and rest as much as I can."

  After he was gone, Gladia remained for a while in deep thought, then turned to Giskard and said in Auroran Common, a patter version of Galactic Standard that was widespread on Aurora and difficult for any non-Auroran to understand, "Giskard, what is all this nonsense about the burning out of circuits?"