Hoplites: The Classical Greek Battle Experience
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INDICES
I General Index
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Acarnania 59, 227
Achaea 210
Achilles 22, 35, 41–2, 109, 112, 121, 240;
ethos 123, 125, 128, 137–9, 140, 153–4;
shield 211;
"painter" 22
advance, see charge
Aegina 95, 102, 116
Aegospotami 116, 145
Aelian 88, 99
Aeneas Tacticus 138, 164, 181, 186– 7, 195–6
Aeschines 163
Aeschylus 87, 91, 96, 101, 112–13, 132, 134, 205, 214, 238, 240, 243
Aetolia 5, 22, 81, 106, 178, 196, 244
Agesilaus 8, 20, 30, 33, 102, 137, 142, 145–6, 148, 151, 166, 181, 227
Agesipolis 39
Agis 104, 118, 148, 150, 246
agriculture 4–6;
see also farmers
Alcaeus 106, 129, 130, 229, 236
Alcibiades 115, 138, 141, 149
alcohol, in battle 18, 90, 113, 240
Alypetus 20
Alexander, of Macedon 52, 113, 125, 138, 141, 153, 192, 200, 202, 223, 247;
of Pherae 52, 146
Amazons 25–6, 200
Ambracia 45, 54–5
Amphiaraos 212
Amphipolis 98, 117–18, 168
Amphitryon 72, 96
Anakeion 114
Anaxibus 107, 151
Andocides 114
annihilation, of armies 95–6
Antalcidas 27
Antigone 42
Antiochus 35
Apollo 108, 202, 210–11, 231, 240, 244–6
Arcadia 33, 50–1, 214
archers, see missile-troops
Archidamus 50, 61, 90, 92, 114, 120, 168, 191, 196
Archilochus 17–18, 96, 98, 102, 129– 30, 132, 144
Ares 205, 209, 211, 215, 229
Arexion 206
Arginusae 44–5, 116, 226
Argos, Argives 42–3, 54–5, 61, 96, 100–1, 102, 105, 113, 140, 148, 185, 203, 215, 242, 243
Aristides 146
aristocrats, in battle 84, 105–6, 122– 3, 128–30, 136, 142, 158, 163
Aristodemus 80, 95, 103, 107, 143
Aristophanes 7, 111, 144, 211, 229
Aristotle 28, 112–13, 114, 133, 138, 158
arms and armor, see panoply, body-armor, shield, helmet
Arrian 88, 99, 110, 200, 223
arrows, see missile-weapons
Artemis 91, 209–11, 214
artillery 28, 184, 191–2, 196;
see also missile-weapons
Asclepiodotus 82, 88, 167
Asia 21, 25, 32–3, 217
Assinarus 100
Athena 198, 200, 211
Athenaeus 107
Athens, Athenians, military of 5, 8, 16, 27, 29, 46, 49, 62, 89, 9
4, 103, 113, 123, 131, 139–40, 143, 209, 229, 244;
in Aetolia, 178;
civil strife 215,
see also Thirty Tyrants;
Dipylon Gate 184;
fortifications 180, 190–8;
light-armed troops, 189;
mines 183;
Peloponnesian War 22, 52, 87, 97–8, 114–15, 137–40, 193, 196, 237;
Persian War 43, 216;
religion and customs 45, 60, 143, 210–11, 242;
tribes 162
attendants, for hoplites 58, 89, 140, 179, 193
Attica 24, 59, 134, 215
ax 25, 36
see also axine, pelekus, sagaris (Index II)
Bacchylides 18, 110–14
battering-ram 184–5
"Battle of Champions" 107, 242
blood, in battle 33, 38, 51, 52, 100, 228;
in battlefield animal sacrifice 201, 203–5, 212–13, 217, 239, 243
bloodlust 101
body-armor 17, 32, 53, 65–6, 68, 79, 95, 110, 121–2, 181, 195, 229, 236;
penetration of 21, 24, 73, 93;
weight of 67, 75, 181
body strength 99, 253
Boeotia 20, 30, 47–8, 49, 52, 98, 101, 113–14, 133, 196, 215
borders 202–3
bow 17, 25, 83, 91;
see missile-weapons
Brasidas 33, 89, 95, 98, 138, 146, 168
bronze, as weapons material 23–4, 71, 75, 81, 91, 110, 236
burial 42–4, 45–66, 139;
see also funerals
Caesar, Julius 24, 128
Calibrates 21
Callimachus 134, 135–6, 149
Callinus 92, 129
Cambyses 102, 145
Cannae 101
carrion 51–2
carts 175
Carystus 97
Castor 21, 90
casualties 21, 34, 44–5, 100, 244, 254;
percentages of 101, 109;
of generals 140–7, 167;
see also burial, corpses, wounds
casualty-lists 42, 50–2, 57–8, 60–1, 143
cavalry 101, 105, 114, 117, 122, 141– 2, 144, 152;
Athenian 160–2;
Persian 207;
see also horse
Cerameicus 43, 60
Chabrias 30, 44, 89, 146
Chaeronea 39, 43–4, 102–3, 107, 136, 143, 151, 169, 191
Chalcis 18, 133
Chalybes 27
Chares 146
charge, of hoplite armies 37, 78, 82, 90–1, 93, 115, 104, 116, 169, 216
Chigi vase 18, 20, 31, 32, 36, 92, 108, 130
Chios 146
chiton 161;
see also tunic
Cimon 59, 136–7, 139, 244
classical scholarship 8–9, 11, 255
Clearchus 141, 144, 170
Cleisthenes 132–3, 135, 151, 162;
of Sicyon 133
Cleombrotus 38, 90, 94, 98, 104, 146, 148–9
Cleomenes 151, 203, 231
Cleon 33, 98, 105, 117–18, 137, 144, 168
Cleophon 106
Cnidus 226
Cnossus 229
coffin 46
confusion 94–5, 140;
see also panic
Corcyra 5;
see also Corfu
Corfu 104
Corinth 18, 26, 50, 66, 97, 100, 102, 113, 132, 196, 242, 245–6;
helmet 75;
war 100
Coroneia, battle of 394 BC 4, 38, 94, 96–7, 102, 103, 109, 118, 148
corpses 33, 38–62, 73, 83, 102–3, 140, 228, 240–2;
desecration of 41, 53;
fight over 97, 100;
number of 55–6;
viewing of 59, 61, 100–1, 140
corselett, see body-armor
coup de grace 27, 73
courage 138–9,
see also andreia, arete, aristeia (Index II)
cowardice 20, 93–4, 95, 99, 106, 138, 242;
see also panic
crests 75, 96, 140–1, 230, 235–6;
see also helmet
Crete 36, 144, 229, 239
Crimisus 88
Croesus 41
Croton 238
cult, see rituals
Cunaxa 21, 31, 91, 141, 153, 205
Cynoscephelae 39, 98, 109, 142, 146
Cyprus 111
Cypselus 133
Cyrus 28, 99, 107, 115, 124, 131, 141, 153, 169, 206
dance 30;
see also hoplomachia (Index II)
Daphaenus 149
Darius I 162;
III 145
Dark Ages 6, 47, 64–5, 67, 70, 75, 83
dead, see corpses, burial, rot, rigor mortis
decapitation 27, 52, 230
Delbrück, Hans 9, 155
Delian League 137
Delium 48, 52, 58, 90, 96, 98, 100–1, 103, 105, 118, 140, 149
Delphi 45, 163, 229, 244–9
Demades 113
Demaratus 103
deme 89
Demeter 243
Demetrius 192, 229
Demosthenes, general 81, 143, 235;
orator 95, 113
depth, of phalanx, see phalanx
desertion 135
Derklylidas 207
Dieneces 88
Diodorus 49, 83, 87, 99, 116, 168, 169
Dion 27, 115, 141
Dionysius I 138, 141, 195
Dionysus 113, 216
Dioscuri 244
discipline 16, 138;
see also training
Dodona 244, 247
dog-tags 54–8, 62;
see also skytalis (Index II)
Draco 161
Dracontius 27
Drilae 143
drill 28–32, 103–4, 167;
see also training
drinking-water 176–7;
see also sun in battle
dust 91, 110
Edward Clarke's Road 175
Egypt 87, 102, 146, 151, 190
Eion 139
Elateia 113, 191
Eleusis 114
Elis 245–6
endurance 63, 78
Enodia 208
Epameinondas 8, 33, 39, 59, 61, 95, 97, 98, 100, 104, 109, 118, 143, 145, 149, 156–7, 167, 237
ephebes 28, 208, 210–11, 230, 235
Ephorus 36, 133, 161, 168
Epipolae 55, 94, 242
Epirus 121, 243
Epistades 113
Eretria 18, 146
Eros 107, 141, 224
Eteocles 33–4, 94, 181, 208, 238–9, 240
Euboea 17, 48
Eudamidas 120
Eumenes 34
Eupolis 105
Euripides 34–5, 58–9, 72, 83, 87–9, 91, 94–5, 96, 99, 108, 116, 131, 144, 169, 181–3, 197, 208–9, 212– 13, 215
Eurytus 80, 107
exchange, of dead 46, 51–4
execution 151
farmers, as soldiers 4–5, 28, 58, 77, 177, 197, 248
fear 105, 135;
see also cowardice, Phobos, panic, flight
flanks 98;
see also phalanx
flight 31, 34, 91, 93, 95, 99, 100, 104, 242
flute-playing 19, 30;
at Sparta 119, 160, 198, 240
fortifications 180–8
Frederick the Great 122
friends, in battle 107;
see also kin
front-rank, of phalanx 18, 31, 35, 71–2, 90, 93, 94, 95–7, 100, 107, 124, 132–3, 140, 147–9, 151–2, 169, 240;
see also promacboi, prostatai (Index II)
frontier 113;
see also borders
funerals 40–2, 44–5;
see also burial
gaps, in battle-line 100, 240
Gaugamela 145
Gelon 163
general 4, 6, 32–3, 57–9, 90–1, 102, 104, 116, 120, 112–70, 192, 212, 227;
see under individual generals
Geometric pottery 80, 83;
see also C
higi vase
gladiators 82
gods, see under individual deities
Gorgias 118
Gorgopas 120
Granicus 143–5, 166
greaves 64–5, 76–8, 115
hair, length of 62
halbert 24
Haliartus 48, 153
hands, use of in battle 99;
see es cheiras (Index II)
Hecate 208
Hector 42–3, 99, 128–9, 140, 235, 240
Hecuba 99
helmet 15, 17, 65–6, 76, 95–6, 110, 115, 118, 140–1, 217, 230, 243–4, 246;
penetration of 25;
types 37, 53, 140–1;
weight 67, 78;
see also body-armor, crests
Helots 29
Hephaestus 141
Hera 208, 217, 224
Heracleia 121, 123, 128
Heracleitus 41, 151
Heracles 20, 41, 60, 209, 215, 237
heralds 47, 54–5, 91, 116
Herippidas 148
Herodotus 9, 32, 43, 58, 80, 88, 97, 99, 100, 102–3, 108, 113, 133–5, 149, 203, 207, 216, 220
Hippagretas 96
Hippocrates 98, 105
Homer, as source for hoplite battle 15, 22, 24–5, 32–3, 35, 38, 41, 47, 52, 66, 80, 81–4, 106, 112–13, 122–3, 125, 130, 132–3, 138, 157– 8, 230
homosexuality 107;
see also friends, kin, Sacred Band
hoplite, as term 81, dance 9, 119;
decline of 255;
ethos of 106, 122– 3, 138, 150, 164, 179–80;
reform 65–6, 77, 80–1, 84, 130–1, 158–9;
size of 81;
snobbery of 6;
veterans 255
horse 84, 113, 115, 141–2, 152, 160, 205;
see also cavalry
human sacrifice 213–17, 226
Hyperides 139
Hysiae 42
Ilissos River 210
individual combat 67–8, 74, 80–2, 84, 88, 92, 95, 122, 129–30, 153, 158, 240;
see also monomachia (Index II)
Iphicrates 22, 31, 90, 117, 121, 139
Iphigeneia 214, 225
iron 23–4, 64
Isidas 143
Isocrates 137
Issus 145
Isthmia 245–6
Jason, of Pherae 138
javelin 71, 76;
see also missile-weapons
Josephus 192
Keegan, John 124–5, 142, 152, 157
kin 38, 51, 56–7, 108, 126–7, 145, 232, 240
kings, in battle;
Spartan 47, 96, 98, 108, 117, 132–3, 145–6, 147–9, 150–1, 169, 222, 230;
Homeric 125–9;
Macedonian 155, 191;
Persian 167, 216
Kromayer, Johannes 9
Lacedaemonians, see Sparta
Laches 29, 34–5
Laconia 189
ladders 181–2
Lamachus 144, 146
Lamian War 139
Latin literature 23, 26, 128;