by Simon Schama
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Truett, Samuel. Fugitive Landscapes: The Forgotten History of the US–Mexico Borderlands. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn., and London, 2006.
Truett, Samuel, and Elliott Young, eds. Continental Crossroads: Remapping U.S.–Mexico Borderlands History. Duke University Press, Durham, N.C., 2004.
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Part Four: American Plenty
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This project has been a trip, through American space as well as time, and it has been informed by the willingness of many Americans; some in the thick of political life, some on the outside of it, to talk to me about their own perceptions of the historical moment in the life of their country. Without their engagement the book would have been an altogether poorer offering. An exhaustive list would fill the phone book of a small town, but I want in particular to thank the family of the late Staff Sergeant Kyu-Chay; Cadets Larry and Amber Choate of the United States Military Academy at West Point; Mark Anthony Green of Morehouse College; Katrina and Fred Gross; Vergie Hamer; Richard “Babe” Henry; Pastor Johnny Hunt; Dana Cochrane and Lou Stoker; Retired Generals Montgomery C. Meigs, Fernando Valenzuela, and Ricardo Sanchez; David Plylar; Ruth Malhotra; Jack and Jim McConnell; Charles McLaurin, Pat Mulroy of the South Nevada Water Authority; Representative Rick Noriega; Epifanio Salazar; Reverend Raphael Warnock of Ebenezer Baptist Church, Atlanta; Reverend Jim White.
Two good friends, Andrew Arends and Alice Sherwood, have been exceptionally generous with time given to close readings of the manuscript that have made the book so much better than it would have been without the gift of their critical sympathy for the work.
The inexorable nature of the election calendar meant that bringing both a writing and television project to fruition was always going to be a tall order. So I am even more grateful than usual to my literary agent and friend, Michael Sissons, for his unswerving belief that the work could get done and his sympathetic excitement on reading the manuscript as it went along. I am grateful too for enthusiasm shown by Caroline Michel of PFD for the book and for her kindness in reading sections of it as it progressed. My publisher, Will Sulkin of the Bodley Head Press, has been heroic in his willingness to adjust the usual timetable of production so that films and chapters could somehow get done in tandem, and I am deeply appreciative of his excitement about the project throughout the extended period of its conception and execution. I must also thank many others at the Bodley Head for their forbearance and friendly efficiency in accommodating themselves to a challenging schedule, in particular, Lizzie Dipple, Tessa Harvey, David Milner, Drummond Moir, and Laura Hassan. Gail Rebuck already knows how much I appreciate her acts of faith in this writer. My thanks also to Juliet Brightmore for her invaluable help with the illustrations. In the United States, I am once again grateful to my editor at Ecco Books, Dan Halpern, for his warmhearted sympathy for the project and his encouraging belief that it would have something fresh to say about the connections between past and present. Ginny Smith has been the kindest of abettors in seeing the book through to publication. My agent, Michael Carlisle, has been the usual tower of strength when the author seemed to totter. At BBC America, Melissa Green and Amy Mulcaire have done wonders to get the television series to a wide audience.
Alex Cummings and Ester Murdukhayeva of Columbia University were exceptionally helpful in providing some initial research on the religion and immigration portions of the book. Alan Brinkley, the provost of Columbia University, was kind enough to give his university professor the leave needed to complete the project, and in a more general sense I am grateful to many of my colleagues and friends in the History Department of Columbia for their collegial help and wisdom over the past few years, especially those in American history who have been hospitable to an intruder in their discipline, particularly Eli
zabeth Blackmar, Eric Foner, and Kenneth Jackson.
At the BBC, Glenwyn Benson, Roly Keating, George Entwistle, and Eamon Hardy have been enthusiastic supporters of the project since its inception, and Eamon has been an exceptionally constructive critic of early cuts of the films. My television agent, Rosemary Scoular, has been a tower of strength as well as a dear friend in getting me through the rougher patches of creating this work in two different media, and without her steady support the entire enterprise might not have come to fruition. I have been lucky to have worked with a gifted and supportive team at Oxford Films and Television, including two exceptionally talented directors in Sam Hobkinson and Ricardo Pollack. So much thanks are also due to Hilary Grove, Susannah Price, Matt Hill, Dirk Nel, Paul Nathan, Merce Williams, Glynis Robertson, and my irrepressible buddy and partner in crime behind the eyepiece, Neil Harvey.
In my office at Columbia University, Julina Rundberg has kept the ship afloat with efficient aplomb, even when asked to work beyond the call of duty—and has kept it from being swamped. Even more than usual, I am grateful for the forbearance of my family—Ginny, Gabriel, and Chloe—during the long and uneven seasons of the author’s work on this book and television series. They know it could never have been begun, much less completed, without their tolerant affection. I am also grateful to Mike Pyle for his own contribution to the sum of energy and enthusiasm for the daunting project.
I owe more than even I can put into words to my dear pal and colleague Nick Kent, of Oxford Films, whose thought that I might want to tackle a big American television project happily coincided with my own less-well-shaped notion along the same lines, and who never flinched as my much more idiosyncratic idea of linking the past with the contemporary took shape. Nick has been the necessary partner and collaborator through this whole work: intellectually ebullient, creatively sympathetic, and a human cooling cloth on the often fevered brow of the writer-presenter, both when things went wrong and when things went right. Charlotte Sacher has also been the heart and soul of The American Future: a prodigious and brilliant researcher; a collaborator and good friend on location; a discriminating critic of both film and written prose. The finished product in both forms owes her an immeasurable debt, though she is not to be held responsible for any of its inevitable shortcomings. To both Nick and Charlotte—equally indispensable partners in this adventure into the past and future—this book is lovingly dedicated.
August 2008
PICTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
© Eve Arnold/Magnum Photos: 5 bottom. Courtesy of the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.: 10 top right. Courtesy of the Trustees of the Boston Public Library/Rare Books: 6. © Corbis: 2 bottom left, 3 top, 4 top and bottom right, 5 top, 7 bottom left, 8 center and bottom, 9 top right and bottom, 10 top left, 11 top, 12 top, 13 top, 14 top right, 15, 16 top left. From the collections of the Henry Ford, Dearborn, Mich.: 11 bottom. © Getty Images: 2 bottom right (Time & Life Pictures/National Archives), 4 left (Time & Life Pictures), 7 bottom right (Time & Life Pictures/Library of Congress), 9 center, 12 bottom (Time & Life Pictures/National Archives), 14 top left, 16 bottom (Ethan Miller). Jarena Lee, Religious Experience and Journal of Mrs. Jarena Lee (frontispiece from 1849 edition), courtesy of the Library Company of Philadelphia, Penn.: 7 top right. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.: 1, 3 center and bottom, 16 top right. Musée Franco-Américain, Blérancourt/Bridgeman Art Library: 14 bottom right. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C./photo Scala, Florence: 2 top left and right. Natural History Museum, London: 13 bottom. Oberlin College Archives, Oberlin, Ohio: 7 top left. Private Collection/Bridgeman Art Library: 14 bottom left. Sweetwater County Historical Museum, Wyo.: 10 bottom. Susie King Taylor, Reminiscences of My Life in Camp, 1902: 8 top.
SEARCHABLE TERMS
Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.
Abbott, Edith, 91
Abbott, Grace, 291–93, 298; The Immigrant and the Community 290–91, 293–95
Abernathy, Ralph, 139
Abizaid, General John, 111
Abraham Lincoln, USS, 5
Abu Ghraib prison, Iraq, 57
Adams, Charles Brooks, 120
Adams, Henry, 120
Adams, President John, 43, 47, 49–50, 51, 53, 147, 166, 167, 168, 172, 174, 225, 243, 253, 325
Adams, President John Quincy, 253
Addams, Jane, 290, 291
Afghanistan, 5, 25, 27, 28, 29, 57, 60
African Americans: churches and religion, 139–40, 183–85, 186–95, 204–5, 206–7, 208–10, 211; education, 184, 203–4; and Reconstruction, 202–3; Franklin on, 240–41; singing, 130, 136–37, 138, 199–202; see also civil-rights movement; Hamer, Fannie Lou; Lee, Jarena; slaves/slavery
African Episcopal Methodists, 183, 187, 188, 189
Aguinaldo, Emilio, 118
Alabama, 139–40, 184, 194, 204–5
Alabama Publishing Company, 205
Alaman, Chuck (Khalil), 298, 299–300
Alamo, Texas, 251, 261
Albert, Prince Consort, 253
Alien Acts, 50, 52, 243
All-American Canal, 353–54
Allen, Ethan, Governor of Vermont, 236
Allen, Senator George, 6
Allen, Reverend Richard, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192–93, 204, 209
Allen, Robert, 87, 95
American, The 268
American Civil War, (1861–85) 22, 26, 29, 30–31, 84–85, 87, 110, 253; causes, 76–77; Confederate commanders, 70, 78–79, 93–94; Union commanders, 91–92; armies compared, 80–81, 85–87, 101; African American soldiers, 93; and the British, 90; casualties, 91, 97–99, 106, 114
American Constitution, 53, 161, 162, 184; First Amendment, 146, 147–48, 162–63, 164, 168, 175–76, 182, 183, 208; Fourteenth Amendment, 132, 202, 282; Fifteenth Amendment, 132, 133, 202
American Missionary Association, 201
American Revolutionary War/American War of Independence, (1775–83) 26–27, 35–36, 46, 48, 50, 52, 313; British methods, 62; and Crèvecoeur, 230–32, 235; and Newport, R.I., 161; slaves freed, 193, 235; and West Point, 39; peace treaty signed, 234; and Cherokee Indians, 318
Anderson, Robert, 76
André, Major, 26–27, 39
Anti-Imperialist League, 118, 121, 122
Anti-Slavery Association, 196
Antietam, battle of, (1862) 91, 123
Appalachians, the: coal mines, 212
Arizona, 259, 282, 339, 356
Arlington House, 32, 33, 78–79, 95, 106
Arlington National Cemetery, 29–30, 31, 106, 114, 123, 125, 131; Meigses’s graves, 31–32, 106, 125; Veterans Day (2007), 25–26, 27, 28, 31
Army, U.S.: Corps of Engineers, 33, 34–35, 59, 60–61, 62, 63–64, 67, 75; torture of prisoners, 119–20, 122; see also Union army
Army of Cumberland, 87, 95–96
Arnold, Benedict, 35, 36, 39, 45, 52
Arthur, President Chester, 279
Atlanta, Georgia, 142, 211; Ebenezer Baptist Church, 206–7, 208–10
Atlantic City, New Jersey: 1964 Democratic Convention, 21, 130, 134, 136–38
Atlantic Monthly, 200, 286
Atta, Mohamed, 145
Aurelia, MS, 130–31
Austin, Moses, 247–48
Austin, Stephen, 248
Awakenings see Great Awakenings
Backus, Isaac, 171
Bahia Grande, 244
Baker, Lafayette, 104
Baltic (steamer), 284
Baptists, 148–52, 169, 171, 173, 175, 184, 206–10, 308; African Americans, 193–94; poor whites, 211, 212, 213
Barlow, Joel, 37, 174, 178, 225
Bartholdi, Frédéric Auguste, 283
Barton, Clara, 98
Bartram, John, 312
Bartram,
William (Billy), 312–16, 321, 325; Travels 315
Beatles, the, 136, 138
Beauregard, Pierre, 33, 78, 79, 81, 84, 105
Beavers, Farley, 149, 151–52
Bee, Fred, 269, 270, 278, 279, 280–81
Beecher, Reverend Henry Ward, 202
Beecher, Lyman, 265
ben Israel, Menasseh, 160
Benjamin, Walter, 363
Bennett, Hugh, 349
Bennett, James Gordon, 258
Benton, Thomas Hart, 347
Beveridge, Senator Albert, 117
Biden, Senator Joseph R., 15
Birmingham, Alabama, 139, 204–5, 212
Black Panthers, 139
Bloom, Sol, 331
Boas, Franz 288–89; The Mind of Primitive Man, 289
Boothe, Charles Octavius: Cyclopedia of the Colored Baptists of Alabama, 194, 204, 205
Boston, Massachusetts, 43, 155, 265, 267; Daily Advertiser, 267; Latin School, 307
Bourne, Randolph, 289
Boykin, General William, 145–46, 148
Braddock, General Edward, 42
Bradley, General Omar, 58, 110, 124
Brady, Mathew, 84, 108
Bragg, General Braxton, 32, 78, 96, 105
Breckinridge, Sophonisba, 291
Bremer, Paul, 58
Bristed, John, 233
Britain/British, 45, 47, 304–5; and the French, 42, 48, 49, 225, 227; war of 1812, 30, 36–37, 52, 61, 252; and Canada, 61, 227; antislavery, 253; and U.S. annexation of Texas, 253–35; and American Civil War, 90; and religion, 146–47, 154, 156, 159; see also American Revolutionary War
Brooks, Benjamin, 281
Brown, Gordon, 220
Brown, John, 71, 196, 197
Brownsville, Texas, 244–45
Bryan, Andrew, 193, 209
Bryan, Jonathan, 193
Bryan, William Jennings, 118, 212
Buberl, Caspar: frieze, 114
Buchanan, President James, 68, 69, 70, 74, 76, 260
Buchanan, Pat, 240
Buckley, William, 308
Buffon, Georges Leclerc, comte de, 234
