by Simon Schama
Bulfinch, Charles: Capitol, Washington, D.C., 67
Bull Run, battles of (1861, 1862), 32, 83, 84, 87, 98, 123
Burgh, James, 171
Burlingame Treaty (1868), 269, 281
Burns, Anthony, 196
Burnside, General Ambrose, 91; Meigs to, 89, 90
Bush, President George W., 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 18, 111, 145, 208, 219, 220–21, 309, 310, 311, 360
Butler, Nicholas Murray, 289
Butrick, Reverend Daniel, 329
Calhoun, John C., 67, 253, 258
California, 249, 255, 256, 257, 259, 267, 311, 339, 343, 353, 356; gold mining, 270–71; Chinese immigrants, 271–72, 273, 274, 276-79, 280, 281–83
California Central Railroad, 273
Cambridge Opinion, 130, 134
Cameron, Simon, 80
Canada, 61, 227
Carmichael, Stokely, 139
Carnegie, Andrew, 115
Carr, Peter, 170
Carter, President Jimmy, 308–9, 310
Castries, Eugène-Gabriel de la Croix, duc de, 234
Catholics, Roman, 154, 167, 168, 175, 213, 236, 264–66
Central Pacific Railroad, 269, 272–75
Chamberlain, Joseph, 115, 121
Chaney, James, 133, 139
Chang, Jose, 282
Charles I, 35, 146, 157
Charles II, 157, 158, 159
Charleston, South Carolina, 33, 79; African Episcopal Methodist Church, 183; Bethel Church, 193; synagogue, 175
Château d’Yquem (steamer), 284
Chatthoochee River, 71, 72
Chattanooga 320; battle (1863), 95–96, 201
Cheney, Dick, 6, 7, 25–26, 31, 111, 309, 310
Cherokee Indians, 36, 37, 71, 96, 251, 312, 313–30, 333–35, 352
Cherokee Strip Run, Oklahoma (1893), 332–33, 335–36, 349
Chicago, 266; Columbian Exposition (1893), 114, 286, 331–32, 340; Hull House, Halsted St., 290, 291, 295
Chickamauga, battle of (1863), 95
Chickasaw Indians, 317, 323, 325
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882), 279, 282
Chinese immigrants: in California, 271–72, 273, 274, 276–79, 280, 281–83; miners, 268–70, 272, 280; railroad workers, 272, 273–75
Chippewa Indians, 34
Choctaw Indians, 251, 315, 317, 323, 325
cholera epidemics, 64, 192
Church, Frederic Edwin, 94
Cicero: Pro Flacco, 16
Civil Rights Act (1964), 132, 133, 203
civil-rights movement, 21, 130, 132–34, 136–38, 139, 184, 204–5, 207, 214–15
Civil War, see American Civil War
Clarke, John, 156, 158
Clay, Henry, 326
Clay, General Lucius D., 58
Cleveland, President Grover, 115, 116, 283, 287–88, 330–31
Clinton, President Bill, 6, 7, 11, 142
Clinton, Senator Hillary, 9–11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 207, 208
Cobb, Henry, 331
Coburn, Tom, 166
Cody, Buffalo Bill, 331
Coke, Sir Edward, 153, 154
Cole, Thomas, 94
Collinson, Peter: Franklin to, 241
Colorado, 259, 279, 344–45, 346
Colorado River, 311, 337–39, 341, 353
Colt, Samuel: revolvers, 88
Columbia (steamer), 183
Columbia University, 289–90
Columbus, Georgia, 71–72, 80
Comanche Indians, 249
Concord, battle of, (1775) 43
Condorcet, Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de, 224
Confederacy/Confederate army, 32–33, 70–71, 76–77, 78–79, 81, 83–84; uniforms, 80; lack of supplies, 85–86, 87; boy soldiers, 101; and Cherokees, 334; and death of John Meigs, 32, 104–5
Connecticut Magazine, 37
Constantine, Emperor, 154
Constitution, the see American Constitution
Corcoran, William Wilson, 94
Cornish tin miners, 274
Corps of Engineers, see Army, U.S.
Courrier de l’Europe (ship), 234–35
Coxey, Jacob, 330
Coxey, Legal Tender, 330
Craig, Brother, 150
Cravath, Erastus, 202
Creek Indians, 71, 251, 315, 317, 321, 323, 324, 325
Crévecoeur, America-Francès, see Otto, America-Francès
Crèvecoeur, Guillaume-Alexandre (Ally), 228, 231–32, 233
Crèvecoeur, J. Hector St. John de, 224–28, 229–32, 233–38; Letters from an American Farmer, 222–24, 228–29, 232–33, 237, 238–39, 243, 294
Crèvecoeur, Mehitable Tippet, 224, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 235
Crèvecoeur, Philippe-Louis, 228, 231, 234, 235–36, 237
Crocker, Charles, 273, 275, 278–79
Crocker, Edwin Bryant, 273
Crockett, David, 326
Cromwell, Oliver, 157, 159, 160, 195, 360
Cuba, 116, 117, 120
Custer, General George, 103
Custis, George Washington Parke, 32
Czech immigrants, 287, 294
Danbury, Connecticut, 36, 175
Darwin, Charles, 115, 211
Davies & Davis, Messrs. (publishers), 232
Davis, Jefferson, 32, 40, 65, 68, 77, 79, 93, 97, 105, 106, 210, 211
Davis, Lanny, 11–12; Scandal: How Gotcha Politics Is Destroying America, 11
Davis, Varina, 105
Dearborn, Henry, 316, 319, 320
Dearborn, Michigan: Ford Motor Co., 295; English School, 295–97; Muslims, 298–300
Declaration of Independence, American, 52, 73, 139, 165, 166, 183
Democratic Party, 132, 133–34, 203, 208, 212–13, 221, 266, 267, 278, 279; Atlantic City Convention (1964), 21, 134, 136–38; and Iowa caucuses (2008), 5–7, 9–10, 12–19; see also Clinton, Senator Hillary; Obama, Barack
Democratic Review, 256
Denver, Colorado, 279, 344
Des Moines, Iowa: 2008 caucuses, 1–22
Detroit, Michigan, 61–62, 297
Dewey, Admiral George, 116, 117
DeWine, Senator Mike, 6
Dickey, Reverend James, 180–81
Dickinson, Emily, 203
Dixon, Thomas, Jr.: The Clansman, 211
Dodd, Chris, 15
Donaldson, James, 87
Doublehead (Cherokee chief ), 320
Douglas, Senator Stephen, 74, 255
Douglass, Frederick, 205, 209
DuBois, W. E. B., 120, 193, 203–4, 207, 209, 359; The Souls of Black Folk, 192, 195, 199, 200
Durand, Asher 94
Eastland, Senator James, 133, 137
Easton, Langdon, 87, 95
Ebenezer Baptist Church, Atlanta, 206–10
economy, the, 7, 114, 212–13, 247–48, 309, 330, 342–43
Edison, Thomas, 120, 331; Vitagraph, 116
Edwards, Anderson, 194–95
Edwards, Curly, 282
Edwards, Haden, 249
Edwards, Senator John, 15, 17
Edwards, Jonathan, 168, 179
Eisenhower, President Dwight D., 41, 58, 110, 124
Elliott, Charles, 253–54, 255
Ellison, Cilida, 300
Ellison, Congressman Keith, 300
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 255–56
energy policies, 308–12
England, Lynndie, 57
environmental policies, 309–11
Erie Railroad, 88
Evans, Walker, 349
Evarts, William Maxwell, 283
Everett, Congressman Edward, 326–27, 328
Falwell, Jerry, 145
Faust, Drew, 29
Fellowes, Captain Gustavus, 235–36
Ferguson, Adam, 239
Ferris, George, 331
Fillmore, President Millard, 267
Finney, Charles Grandison, 178–80, 181, 184, 193; Lectures on Revivals, 180
Fishman, Simon, 348
Fisk Free School for Negroes, Nashville, 201, 202, 210
Fisk Jubilee Singers, 202
–3
Fisk Singers, 200–201, 202
Fitzgerald, F. Scott: The Great Gatsby, 307
Floyd, John B., 68, 69, 70, 71, 73
Flynt, Wayne, 213
Ford, Henry, 295–97; The International Jew: The World’s Foremost Problem, 297
Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, 295, 296–97
Forrest, General Nathan Bedford, 210–11
Fort Jefferson, Florida, 69–70, 71, 73, 76
Fort Pickens, Santa Rosa Island, 71, 76, 77, 78, 79
Fort Sumter, South Carolina, 71, 76, 77, 79
Fort Taylor, Florida, 76
Fort Wayne, Indiana, 61, 62
Fothergill, Dr. John, 312
France, 42, 47–49, 50, 51–52, 225–26, 227, 283; see also French Revolution
Franklin, Benjamin, 54, 225, 239–40, 241, 263, 304, 305; Information to Those Who Would Remove to America, 305–6; Observations Concerning the Natural Increase of Mankind, 240–41
Fredericksburg, Virginia, 97–99
Fredonia, Republic of, 249
Frelinghuysen, Senator Theodore, 326
French Revolution, 46, 51, 236–37, 336
Frontinus, Sextus Julius, 65, 66
Fugitive Slave Act (1850), 196, 267
Galician immigrants, 292, 293
Galveston, Texas, 253, 254
Gardner, Albert, 119
Garrison, William Lloyd, 253
Geary, Thomas, 281
Genet, Edmond, 51
George III, 52
George, Henry, 276
Georgetown, South Carolina, 104, 199
Georgetown University, 109, 135
Georgia, 37, 71–72, 79, 96–97, 193, 197, 203; Cherokees, 71, 312, 316–30, 333; gold rush, 325, 330; see also Midway; Woodstock
German immigrants, 239–41, 252, 254, 262–64, 265, 266
Gettysburg, battle of (1863), v, 86, 98, 123, 201
Gettysburg Address, 27
Gilmore, Patrick: “Johnny Comes Marching Home Again,” 30–31
Gist, George, 324
Giuliani, Rudy, 18
Gladstone, W. E., 200
“Glorious Revolution” (1688), 265
gold mining, 270–71, 325, 330
Goldberg, Benny, 348
Goldwater, Senator Barry, 132, 133, 137, 138
Goode, Virgil, 300
Goodman, Andrew, 133, 139
Gore, Al, 309, 310
Goss, Angela, 207, 208, 209
Goss, Fred, 207, 209
Graham, Billy, 210
Graham, Franklin, 210
Grant, Madison, 290; The Passing of the Great Race, 284, 288
Grant, President Ulysses S., 89, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 201
Great Awakenings, 129, 168–69, 177–78, 211
Great Plains/High Plains, 345–50
Greek immigrants, 295
Greeley, Horace, 81, 327; “Prayer of Twenty Millions,” 92
Green, Reverend Beriah, 177–78
Green, Mark Anthony, 207–8
Gretna, Louisiana: police, 4
Griffith, D. W.: The Birth of a Nation, 211
Grimké, Angelina, 182
Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of (1848), 259–60, 270
Guantánamo Bay, 6
Guthrie, Woody, 351
Hagel, Senator Chuck, 5–6
Hale, Edward Everett, 267
Hall, Prescott Farnsworth, 285
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 130, 134, 136, 137, 138–39, 182, 209, 213–15
Hamilton, Alexander, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45–48, 49, 50–51, 109, 110, 112, 115, 359
Hancock, Cornelia, 98, 99
Harpers Ferry, Virginia, 71, 101, 196
Harrison, President Benjamin, 115, 281
Harrison, Peter, 160
Harte, Bret, 276–77; “The Heathen Chinee,” 277–78; The Luck of Roaring Camp, 277
Harvard and alumni, 5, 8, 203, 285, 289, 290, 307, 326
Haupt, Herman, 88
Havens, Benny, 40, 82
Hayes, President Rutherford B., 132–33, 203
Hazlitt, William, 229
Hearst, William Randolph, 116, 117, 120
Helvetia (steamer), 284
Henry, Patrick, 171, 172, 173, 182
Henry, Richard “Babe,” 352–53
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth 195–200, 203
High Plains, see Great Plains
Hill, Christopher, 151
Hitler, Adolf, 297
Hoar, Senator George Frisbie, 118, 119–20
Hooker, General Joe, 95, 96
Hoover Dam, 311, 343, 354
Hopkins, Mark, 273
Horsehoe Bend, battle of (1814), 326
Houdetot, Mme d’, 234
Houston, Sam, 254
Huckabee, Mike, 13, 17, 18, 142–44, 145
Hudson River School, 94
Humphrey, Senator Hubert, 138, 139
Humphrey, Seth, 335
Hunt, Major Henry, 83, 85
Hunt, Pastor Johnny, 141–42, 144–45, 148, 206
Huntingdon, Collis P., 273
Huntingdon, Samuel P., 289
Hurricane Katrina, 4, 367
Hussein, Saddam, 109
immigrants, 6, 212, 222–23, 240–41, 242–43, 264, 284; restrictions and quota system, 284–90, 292–95, 353; see also Chinese, German, Irish, Italian, Jewish, Lithuanian, Mexican, Muslim, Polish and Syrian immigrants
Immigrants Protective League, 291
Immigration Restriction League 284–85, 286
Indian Removal Act (1830) 325, 326
Indians, see Native Americans
International Irrigation Congress, Los Angeles (1893), 336, 340–42
Iowa 14; caucuses (2008,) 1–22
Iraq war, 5–6, 7, 27, 55, 56, 57–59, 110, 111, 299
Irish immigrants, 238–39, 263, 265, 266, 267, 272, 274, 275, 285, 287
irrigation, 336–37, 338–44, 347, 353, 354
Irrigation Age (journal), 340, 341
Irving, Washington: Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus, 71
Italian immigrants, 285, 287, 291
Jackson, President Andrew, 251, 252, 253, 254–55, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327–29
Jackson, General Thomas (Stonewall), 210, 211
James, William, 203, 289
Jay, John, 242, 244
Jay Treaty (1794), 48–49
Jefferson, President Thomas, 59, 67, 244, 247, 252, 359, 367; and American Revolutionary War, 52, 230; drafts Declaration of Independence, 52, 73, 165, 166, 228; and Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom, 165, 166, 168, 169, 171–74, 175, 177, 182; and French Revolution, 46, 47, 51–52, 236; in Newport, R.I. (1790), 165; inaugural speech, 21; appointment of Return Jonathan Meigs, 36, 316, 323; and Indians, 317, 318, 319, 320–21, 322, 325; philosophy of war, 109–10, 112, 115; and founding of West Point, 41, 42, 48, 51, 53–54, 59, 60, 110; and immigration, 243; religious views, 147, 165–66, 169–72, 174–76, 300; and University of Virginia, 54, 165, 176; and slavery, 176–77, 182, 296; Notes on the State of Virginia, 170–71, 242
Jelinek, James, 348
Jenkin, William, 184
Jewish immigrants and communities, 150, 167, 184, 211, 285, 287, 288, 290, 291, 295; in Newport, R.I., 159–60, 162–65; and exclusion from public office, 165, 175; Ford’s views on 297; on the High Plains, 348
Johnson, President Andrew, 107
Johnson, President Lyndon B., 21, 110, 131, 132, 135, 136, 137, 138, 290
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 232
Johnston, Joseph, 32, 78, 79, 80, 81, 87, 105
Jones, Anson, 254
Jones, Charles Colcock, 185, 194
Jones, Mary, 185
Joplin, Scott, 331
Judge, Jack, 2–5
Kahn, Samuel, 348
Kallen, Horace, 289, 291, 294, 298
Kames, Henry Home, Lord, 239; Franklin to, 304
Kansas, 332, 334, 345, 346, 348
Kearney, Dennis, 278, 284
Kennedy, Senator Edward (Teddy), 136
Kennedy, President Joh
n F., 2, 3, 131, 132, 136, 308; A Nation of Immigrants, 290
Kennedy, Senator Robert, 132, 136
Kentucky, 226, 263–64
Kerouac, Jack: On the Road, 303
Kerry, John, 360
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 129, 133, 138, 139, 203, 206, 207
Kipling, Rudyard: “The White Man’s Burden,” 117
Kirkham, Lieutenant Ralph, 258
Klee, Paul: Novus Angelus, 363
Know-Nothings, the, 266–68
Knox, General Henry, 44, 45, 52, 316, 318
Knudsen, Gunnar, 112
Koopmanschap, Cornelius, 271
Ku Klux Klan, 133, 137, 139, 205, 210–11, 212
Kucinich, Dennis J., 15
Kyu-Chay, Sergeant, 27–29
Lafayette, marquis de, 43
La Haye, Tim: Left Behind books, 145
Landes, David, 8
Lange, Dorothea, 349, 352
La Rochefoucauld, François de, 225
Las Vegas, 354, 355–57
Las Vegas Springs Preserve, 355, 356
Laud, Archbishop William, 154
Lawrence, D. H., 229
Lawrence, Myrtle, 213
Lay, Kenneth, 310
Lazarus, Emma, 164, 222
League of Nations, 295
Lebanese immigrants, 298–99
Lee, Erika, 282
Lee, Jarena, 186–92, 193, 194, 209
Lee, Mary Ann (née Custis), 33, 92
Lee Quong, 282
Lee, General Robert E.: and Meigs, 33–35, 59, 60, 61, 93, 105; and John Brown’s rebellion, 71; in Confederate army, 32, 78, 79, 86, 91, 93, 97, 98, 99; as hero 210, 211; see also Arlington House
Leland, John, 175
l’Enfant, Pierre, 64
Lewis, Mabel, 202
Lexington, battle of (1775), 42–43, 313
Lincoln, President Abraham, 359, 367; and Mexican-American War, 257, 259; elected president, 70, 71, 74; inaugural speech, 74–75, 129; and opening of Civil War, 76–77, 79; advised by Meigs, 79, 80, 81, 84, 89–90; and battle of Antietam, 91; and McClellan, 91, 92; issues slavery emancipation proclamation, 92, 197–98; and railroad, 272; inadequacies, 94; sends Meigs to Chattanooga, 95, and Fredericksburg, 98; and John Meigs, 99, 104; assassination, 105
Lithuanian immigrants, 294, 295, 348
Little, Lieutenant, 233, 235
Locke, John: Letters on Toleration, 171
Lodge, Senator Henry Cabot, 117, 119, 120, 285, 287, 294–95
Logan, General John, 26, 27
Long, John, 116
Long, Stephen, 325
Longstreet, James, 32
Lookout Mountain, battle of (1863), 96, 97, 98, 123
Lorentz, Pare: The Plow That Broke the Plains, 349
Los Angeles: Chinese pogrom (1871), 278; International Irrigation Congress (1893), 336, 340–42
Los Angeles Times, 308
