Walt Disney
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Removing false teeth. Krause and Witkowski, Walt Disney’s Snow White.
150 girls. “Andrea Caselotti,” in Dave Smith, Disney A to Z: The Updated Official Encyclopedia (New York: Hyperion, 1998).
Virginia Davis. “The Virginia Davis Interview,” Hogan’s Alley, no. 2 (Summer 1995).
“She sounds to me…” Walt Disney interview by Martin, Reels 6 & 7.
Caselotti’s first tracks. Sound Dept. Daily Report, Jan. 20, 1936, Snow White Sound Reports, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 13A-16A, Misc. Files (financial, promotion, etc.), Punch Sheets French Version, Box 7, A1733, WDA.
“not rhymed or definite beat…” Snow White—General Treatment of Dialogue, Action, and Music [1935], Snow White—Story Meetings, Oct. 1935-Dec. 1935 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“I don’t like the Cab Calloway…” Seq. 8A—Entertainment Conf., Jan 18, 1936, 2-4 p.m., Snow White Story Meetings, Jan. 1936-Jul. 1936 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“You’re Never Too Old to Be Young.” Snow White Entertainment Seq., 8A, Jan. 6, 1936, 9-12 a.m., Snow White Story Meetings, Jan. 1936-Jul. 1936 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“blowing on bottles and jugs…” Thomas and Johnston, Illusion of Life.
“Bashful could half talk…” Story Meeting on Seq. 8A (Entertainment), March 31, 1937, 8:30 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., Snow White—Story Meetings—Feb.-Mar. 1937 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
One track lacked rhythm. Walt’s Criticisms and Discussion of 5B, 6A Rerecorded Track, Seq. 5B, SW Tells Dwarfs to Wash, Snow White and Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 1b-10B, Box 6, A1732, WDA.
“The Silly Song.” Snow White—dialogue: songs, 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Dialogue and Songs, 1934-1937 undated duplicate, Box 5, A1735, WDA.
“It’s still that influence…” Seq. 8A—Entertainment Meeting, Feb. 16, 1937, Snow White—Story Meetings, Feb.-Mar. 1937 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
Complaints on paints. Edward M. Francis to F. R. Miller, Jul. 16, 1935, Miller, F. R., Folder, Roy O. Disney Corr., Lu-Mi (1930-1939), A2997, WDA.
Its own binder. Stephen Worth and Lew Stude, “Vintage Notes: The Care and Restoration of Vintage Animation Cels,” POV 1, no. 2 (Winter 1992).
Spectraphotometer. New York Daily Mirror, Feb. 26, 1938.
twelve hundred distinct pigments. Robert Feild, The Art of Walt Disney (New York: Macmillan, 1942).
Technicolor chart. Leonard Maltin, The Disney Films, 3rd ed. (New York: Hyperion, 1995).
“They got colors everywhere…” Effects on Seq. 3C & 3D, Sweatbox Session, Dec. 1, 1936, 1:00 p.m. to 5:30 p.m., Snow White—Story Meetings, Dec. 1-15, 1936 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“For Snow White,…” Mike Barrier, “Screenwriter for a Duck: Carl Barks at the Disney Studio,” Funnyworld, no. 21 (Fall 1979).
“He’d just sit all day…” Eric Larson, interview by Steve Hulett, Apr. 19, 1978, WDA. For more on Hurter, see John Canemaker, Before the Animation Begins: The Art and Lives of Disney Inspirational Sketch Artists (New York: Hyperion, 1996).
Fifty to one hundred sketches. Steve Hulett, “A Star is Drawn,” Film Comment (Jan.-Feb. 1979).
“I remember quite clearly…” Larson interview by Hulett.
“all prop coloring,…” Background Meeting with Layout Men on Snow White, Nov. 23, 1936, Story Meetings, Nov. 1936 only folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“Albert knows the character…” Conf., Dec. 1, 1936, in Robin Allan, Walt Disney and Europe (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1999).
Paper and texture. See Krause and Witkowski, Walt Disney’s Snow White; Christopher Finch, The Art of Walt Disney: From Mickey Mouse to the Magic Kingdoms, rev. ed. (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1993).
“He was afraid…” Miller, Story of Disney.
Ken Anderson’s tests. David Smith, “New Dimensions—Beginnings of the Disney Multiplane Camera,” in The Art of the Animated Image: An Anthology, ed. Charles Solomon (Los Angeles: American Film Institute, 1989).
Iwerks’s multiplane. Ibid..
Operation of multiplane. Bob Broughton, interview by author; Thomas and Johnston, Illusion of Life.
Painfully slow. Memo: Sam Armstrong to Walt Disney/Paul Hopkins, Re: The Old Mill, Multiplane Prod., March 30, 1937, InterOffice Communications, Walt Disney Corr., 1936-1937, E-L, A1512, WDA.
“It was always my ambition…” “Mouse & Man,” Time, Dec. 27, 1937.
“an audience could be swept up…” Thomas and Johnston, Illusion of Life.
Eric Larson on The Old Mill. Eric Larson, interview by Mica Prods., [n.d.], WDA.
“Even in the eyes of the Studio…” Feild, Art of Disney.
“[T]he big studios…” Roy to Elias and Flora Disney, Apr. 6, 1936, quoted in Thomas, Building a Company.
“competitive cartoons…” Memo, Walt to Roy. Nov. 29, 1935, Sub: UA Contract, InterOffice Comm., Walt Disney Corr., 1935, A1509, WDA.
“I don’t want to make any money…” Memo, Lessing to Roy, Jun. 15, 1936, Roy O. Disney—Trip to NY, May 1936, Apr. 1937, Roy O. Disney Corr., Disney, Roy O.—Personal & Trips (1934-41), A2995, WDA.
Television rights. Dudley McClure, “Television Prospects Cause Disney to Join Forces with RKO,” Oregon Sunday Journal, Mar. 15, 1936.
“[P]ersonally I have seen enough…” LAT, Mar. 3, 1936.
“to make at least half…” Memo, Walt to Roy, Dec. 4, 1936, InterOffice Communications, Walt Disney Corr., 1936-1937, E-L, A1512, WDA.
First cels sent to ink and paint. Press Release, Snow White Publicity folder, Press Releases, 1951, WDA.
“Many felt that to have…” Hand, Memoirs.
Dwarfs entering cottage. See Seq. 4D, Spooks, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 1b-10B, Box 6, A1732.
Sweatboxing scenes. Walt Disney Desk Diaries, 1937, A3084, WDA.
“tremendous pressure” Ollie Johnston interview by author.
“We gotta get the picture out!” Frank Thomas to John Canemaker, March 18, 1998, quoted in Canemaker, Nine Old Men.
“My criticism is all impersonal…” Conf. of Assistant Directors on Feature Procedure, Feb. 3, 1937, Story Meetings, Feb-March 1937 folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
Putting a stopwatch on Walt. Hand, Memoris.
“We must avoid taking up the time…” Conference of Assistant Directors on Feature Procedure, Feb. 3, 1937, WDA.
Pep talk. Memo, George Groepper (layout and in-between) to Walt, Jan. 29, 1937, InterOffice Communications, Walt Disney Corr., 1936-1937, E-L, A1512, WDA.
“This picture is a tremendous thing.” Conference of Assistant Directors on Feature Procedure, Feb. 3, 1937, WDA.
“The work now being planned…” Bill Tytla, Action Analysis Class, Jun. 8, 1937, quoted in Thomas and Johnston, Illusion of Life.
Live-action models. Ward Kimball interview by Bonifer; Canemaker, Nine Old Men; Snow White—continuities, gag suggestions, etc., March-April 1936 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Continuities, gag suggestions, etc., Jul. 1934-Dec. 1936, Box 2, A1737, WDA.
“I think you can use…” Story Meeting on Discussion of Dwarfs’ Personalities and Characteristics, Dec. 8, 1936, WDA.
“Stress the point…” Story Meeting on Discussion of Seven Dwarfs Personalities, Nov. 24, 1936, 7:30 p.m. to 10:00 p.m., Snow White—Story Meetings, Nov. 1936 only folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“he did not want any animators…” Ben Sharpsteen, interview by Don Peri, Mar. 26, 1975, WDA.
“Live action is w
hat…” Luncheon Meeting on Production, F-1, Snow White, Feb. 18, 1937, Story Meetings, Feb.-Mar. 1937 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
Child actors. Meeting on Seq. 10A—Dwarfs Leave for Mine, March 16, 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“There is a lot of Snow White…” Ibid.
Photostats of Queen. Seq. 7A, Queen Changes to Witch, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 1b-10B, Box 6, A1732, WDA.
“I want this definitely left out…” Walt to Roy Scott, May 15, 1937, InterOffice Communications, Walt Disney Corr., 1936-1937, E-L, A1512, WDA.
“snapped up.” Sweatbox Session, Dwarfs Finish Bed—Animals Warn them, Jul. 13, 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 13A-16A, Misc. Files (financial, promotion, et.) Punch Sheets French Version, Box 7, A1733, WDA.
“I don’t think it has…” The Meeting and the Bed (Dick Creedon), Nov. 15, 1936, Snow White continuities, gag suggestions, etc., Nov. 1936 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Continuities, gag suggestions, etc., July 1934-Dec. 1936, Box 2, A1737, WDA.
“Take out all the superfluous…” Story Conference Notes on Snow White F-1 (Building Seq.), Feb. 1, 1937, Snow White—Story Meetings, Feb.-Mar. 1937 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“created a feeling of tension…” Culhane, Talking Animals.
You fellows are all trying…” Meeting of Dwarf Animators, Jun. 8, 1937, Snow White—Story Meetings, Apr.-Oct. 1937 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-37, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“finish the details…” Sweatbox Session, Dwarfs Finish Bed-Animals Warn them, Jul. 12, 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 13A-16A, Misc. Files (financial, promotion, etc.) Punch Sheets French Version, Box 7, A1733, WDA.
Nude Snow White. Kimball, “Wonderful World of Walt Disney.”
Animation lightboards. Marc Davis to Richard Williams, n.d., quoted in Canemaker, Nine Old Men.
Two twelve-hour shifts. Broughton interview.
“ideal achievement.” Cy Young to Walt, Sept. 17, 1938, XYZ Folder, Walt Disney Corr., 1938-1939, U-Z, A1520, WDA.
“I suggest that you get down…” Memo, Walt to Bob Kuwahara, Jun. 22, 1937, InterOffice Communications, Walt Disney Corr., 1936-1937, E-L, A1512, WDA.
Borrowed ink and paint girls. Memo, George Morris to Roy, Oct. 23, 1937, Roy O. Disney—Trip to NY, Sept. 1937-38 Folder, Roy O. Disney Corr., Disney, Roy O.—Personal & Trips (1934-41), A2995, WDA.
“With all this additional help…” Roy to Lessing, Oct. 2, 1937, ibid.
“UNEXPECTED BUSINESS…” Tel. Walt to Feg Murray, Jul. 16, 1937, Mo Folder, Walt Disney Corr., 1936-1937, M-R, A1513, WDA.
“THE SUPER COLOSSAL SNOW WHITE…” Tel. Walt and Lilly to Margaret and Hal Roach, Sept. 28, 1937, Ro Folder, ibid.
$250,000 estimate. Disney, “Growing Pains.”
“Our only difficulty…” Roy to Walt, Aug. 31, 1935, Roy O. Corr. Re Trips: 1934-1935 Folder, Roy O. Disney, Corr., Disney, Roy O.—Personal & Trips (1934-41), A2995, WDA.
Bank of America loans. Memo, Herb Lamb to Walt, Re: Financial Status, Feb. 8, 1941, Lamb Folder, Walt Disney InterOffice Corr., 1938-1944, L-M, A1629, WDA.
“I had to mortgage…” New York Post, Jun. 20, 1938.
“Roy was very brave…” Disney, “Growing Pains.”
Joe Rosenberg. Mitchell Gordon, “Case of the Unretiring Mr. Rosenberg,” Wall Street Journal, Feb. 14, 1968.
“Joe, if Disney does this thing…” Miller, Story of Disney. See also Walt Disney interview by Martin, Reels 6 & 7, Reel 7.
“a bunch of SOB’s.” Roy Disney, interview by Richard Hubler, Jun. 18, 1968, RHC, Box 14, Folder 52.
$20,000 a week. B. R. Crisler, “Film Gossip of the Week,” NYT, May 30, 1937, sec. 10.
“we are confident…” Memo, Roy to Walt, Apr. 1, 1937, Re: Misc., InterOffice Corr., Walt Disney Corr., 1938-1939, I-Me, A1517, WDA.
Rosenberg screening. Miller, Story of Disney.
“innocent and unsophisticated.” Green and Green, Remembering Walt.
“[D]espite the fact that most of the audience…” Walt to Depinet, Sept. 4, 1937, RKO-NY Folder, Walt Disney Corr., 1938-1939, Q-T, A1519, WDA.
359 respondents. Snow White Screening Questionaires, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 13A-16A, Misc. Files (financial, promotion, etc.), Punch Sheets—French Version, Box 7, A1733.
“If you were trying to sell an idea…” Thomas and Johnston, Illusion of Life.
“Obviously, my reaction…” Newsweek, Jun. 28, 1999.
“I am so glad you are so enthusiastic…” Kay Kamen to Roy, Aug. 31, 1937, Kay Kamen Folder, WDA.
“plenty of money.” Memo, Lessing to Roy, Re: “Snow White” etc., Sept. 14, 1937, Roy O. Disney—Trip to NY, Sept. 1937-38 Folder, Roy O. Disney Corr., Disney, Roy O.—Personal & Trips (1934-41), A2995, WDA.
“Ned says your investment…” M. H. Aylesworth to Walt, A Folder, Walt Disney Corr., 1936-1937, A-D, A1511, WDA.
“He keeps on hollering…” I. Klein, “Some Close-Up Shots of Walt Disney During the ‘Golden Years,’” Funnyworld, no. 23 (Spring 1983).
Sharpsteen contract. Memo, Walt to Roy, Feb. 18, 1937, InterOffice Communications, Walt Disney Corr., 1936-1937, E-L, A1512, WDA.
Salary adjustments. Memo, George Morris to Walt, Apr. 19, 1937, Morris, George, Walt Disney InterOffice Corr., 1938-1944, L-M, A1629; Memo, Walt to George Morris, Re: Salary Adjustments, Apr. 21, 1937, InterOffice Communications, Walt Disney Corr., 1936-1937, E-L, A1512, WDA.
Averaging half the footage. Memo, Paul Hopkins to Walt, Aug. 7, 1937, InterOffice Communications, Walt Disney Corr., 1936-1937, E-L, A1512, WDA.
Footage per day. Snow White—Cost Statistics, [n.d.] Snow White—Animation Cost Analysis, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 13A-16A, Misc. Files (financial, promotion, etc.), Punch Sheets—French Version, Box 7, A1733.
Not ready for Christmas. Memo, Lessing to Roy, Re: “Snow White” etc., Sept. 14, 1937, Roy O. Disney—Trip to NY, Sept. 1937-38 Folder, Roy O. Disney Corr., Disney, Roy O.—Personal & Trips (1934-41), A2995, WDA.
Final animation, cels, photography. Press Release, Snow White Publicity File, Press Releases, 1951, WDA. Though the press release lists the final animation date as November 8, another document suggests it was finished on November 11. See Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Seq. 16A, Back to Life, Away with Prince, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 13A-16A, ibid.
“It had gotten around…” John Province, “Bill Peet Unleashed,” Hogan’s Alley, Hogan/interviews/peet/peet.asp.
“There is going to be a lot of sympathy…” Story Conference Notes—Seq. 15A (Dwarfs Weeping at S.W.’s Bier), July 27, 1937, Snow White—Story Meetings—Apr.-Oct. 1937 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“concentrating on Grumpy…” Story Conference Notes on Snow White, Seq. 10B, 14J, 15A, May 1, 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 13A-16A, Misc. Files (financial, promotion, etc.), Punch Sheets—French Version, Box 7, A1733, WDA. Also Thomas and Johnston, Illusion of Life.
“The movement on the dwarfs…” Sweatbox Session, Aug. 18, 1937, Snow White—Story Meetings—Apr.-Oct. 1937 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“is actually tearing out his heart…” Meeting of Dwarf Animators, Jun. 8, 1937, Snow White—Story Meetings, Apr.-Oct. 1937 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“as if they knew in their minds…” Seq. 4D, Spooks, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 1b-10B, Box 6, A1732, WDA.
Bemoaned that the Magic Mirror. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 1b-10B, Box 6, A1732, WDA.
“she was ca
rrying…” Sweatbox Session, Seq. 13A, Sept. 23, 1937, Snow White, Seq. 13A—Snow White Making Pies, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sweatbox Notes, Seq. 13A-16A, Misc. Files (financial, promotion, etc.), Punch Sheets—French Version, Box 7, A1733, WDA.
Moore and Grumpy’s finger. Frank Thomas quoted in Green and Green, Remembering Walt.
“When anybody sings,…” F-1 Snow White Meeting on Seq. 10A-Dwarfs Leave for Mine, March 116, 1937, Snow White—Story Meetings, Feb.-Mar. 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meeting, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“Watch to keep it…” Story Meeting on Seq. 8A (Entertainment), Mar. 31, 1937, 8:30 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., Snow White—Story Meetings—Feb-Mar. 1937 Folder, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Story Meetings, Oct. 1934-1937, Box 1, A1731, WDA.
“We’ve worked hard…” Quoted in Maltin, Disney Films.
“There were some things…” J. P. Shanley, “King of Disneyland,” NYT, Dec. 5, 1954.
“I said forget it.” Roy Disney interview by Hubler, June 18, 1968.
“Disney’s Folly.” Miller, Story of Disney.
“I want everybody to be sold…” Memo, Walt to Roy, Feb. 25, 1937, InterOffice Communications, Walt Disney Corr., 1936-1937, E-L, A1512, WDA.
Chaplin’s offer. Memo, Roy to Walt, Re: “Snow White” Campaign, Mar. 31, 1937, InterOffice Corr., Walt Disney Corr., 1938-1939, I-Me, A1517, WDA.
“invaluable service.” Walt to Chaplin, May 31, 1938, Ch Folder, Walt Disney Corr., 1938-1939, A-De, A1515, WDA.
Pomona preview. Bill Cottrell, interview by Bob Thomas, Jun. 6, 1973, Cottrell, Bill, Folder; Ben Sharpsteen, Answers to Questions Submitted by Dave Smith, Sept. 1974, WDA.
Animators tacking posters. Ken Anderson, interview by Bob Thomas, May 15, 1973, WDA.
Man on train platform. Miller, Story of Disney.
“AM CONVINCED ALL OUR FONDEST HOPES…” Tel. Chaplin to Walt, Dec. 21, 1937, Snow White (First Nite Congratulations, etc.) Folder, Walt Disney Corr., 1938-1039, Q-T, A1519, WDA.
“Well, it’s been a lot of fun…” Walt Disney, interview at Snow White Premiere, Dec. 21, 1937, Carthay Circle, WDA.