Outside, much has changed in Washington, and in the rest of the country, even since I began to write. I remember leaving the library late one afternoon in January 2009. I walked down the front steps, and right in front of me, lit by the setting sun, was the Capitol: the dome with its statue of Freedom that a slave forged, the steps where Lincoln spoke of mystic chords of memory, the wide expanse where the Zouaves played baseball on the grass beneath the chestnut trees. The grass is gone now, and the chestnut trees: the historic landscape was replaced several years ago by a sterile and soulless plaza, and by a visitor center that allows people to “experience” our great national edifice without actually going inside. But I’d like to think that the old place is still there, somewhere beneath.
INDEX
Location numbering in italics refer to illustrations. Location numbering beginning with nts or nts1 refer to endnotes.
abolition, abolitionists, prl.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, nts.1
in Boston, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1
in Missouri, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
in Ohio, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, nts.1
Pierce, E. L., as, 8.1, 8.2
Academy of Music, 4.1
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 2.1, 3.1, nts.1
Adams, Charles Francis, Sr., 1.1, 2.1, 6.1, nts.1
Adams, Henry, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, nts.1
Adams, Sam, 6.1
Africa, black resettlement in, 1.1, 2.1, 8.1, nts.1
Alabama, 1.1, 3.1, 8.1
Alaska, 6.1
Albany, N.Y., 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 8.1
Albany Journal, nts. 1
Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, nts.1
Alcatraz, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
alcohol, 5.1, 5.2, nts.1
Germans’ consumption of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Alcott, Bronson, 1.1
Alexandria, Va., 2.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 9.1, bm1.1
Confederate flag in, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
Marshall House in, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5
Alger, Horatio, 3.1, nts.1
American Agriculturalist, 8.1
American Anti-Slavery Society, bm1.1
American Indians, see Native Americans
American Revolution, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, prl.4, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, nts.1
“America’s Dream; or, the Rebellion of ’61” (drama), 8.1, 8.2
Anderson, Eba Clinch, prl.1, 4.1, nts.1
Anderson, Robert, prl.1, prl.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 9.1, bm1.1, bm1.2, nts.1
appearance of, prl.1, 4.1, 4.2
field artillery instruction manual of, 4.1
as hero, prl.1, 2.1, 7.1
honor and duty of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
in move to Sumter, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1, 4.2
secession crisis and, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2
slavery and, prl.1, prl.2, 4.1, nts.1
as Southerner, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3
surrender of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1
Wigfall mission and, 4.1, nts.1
Annapolis, Md., 8.1
Antietam, battle of, 3.1, 3.2
anti-Semitism, prl.1
Anti-Slavery Bugle, 3.1
Anzeiger des Westens, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Arkansas, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1
Army, U.S., prl.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1
Lincoln in, 4.1, nts.1
resignations from, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1
size of, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
see also Union armies
Army Corps of Engineers, prl.1
Arthur, Chester, bm1.1
Astor, Augusta, 5.1, 7.1
Atlantic Monthly, 1.1, 2.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1
Auburn, N.Y., 4.1, nts.1
Austria, Austrians, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2
Bagby, Lucy, 3.1, 3.2, bm1.1, nts.1
Baker, Edward D., 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, bm1.1
Baker, Frank, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, bm1.1
Ballo in maschera, Un (Verdi), 4.1
Baltimore, Md., 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 7.1
Lincoln in, 3.1, 6.1
mob violence in, 3.1, 7.1
Baltimore Sun, 3.1, 9.1
Bancroft, George, 5.1
Baptists, 1.1, 8.1
Barnum, P. T., 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1
baseball, 4.1, nts.1
Baton Rouge, La., U.S. Arsenal in, 6.1
Bayne, Julia Taft, 9.1
beards, 3.1, 3.2
Beauregard, Pierre G. T., 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, nts.1
Beecher, Henry Ward, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1
Bell, John, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1
Belmont, August, 2.1
Benicia, Calif., 6.1, 6.2
Bennett, James Gordon, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, nts.1
Benton, Thomas Hart, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7
Berlin Wall, 8.1
Bibb, George M., 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Bibb, John B., 2.1
Bible, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 8.1
Bierstadt, Albert, 6.1
Big Bethel, Battle of, 8.1, 9.1
Black, Jeremiah, nts.1
Black Hawk, Chief, 4.1
Black Hawk War, 4.1, nts.1
Black Jaegers, 6.1
Black Point (San Francisco), 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, bm1.1
blacks, 8.1, nts.1
alleged inferiority of, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1
equality of, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1
resettlement of, 1.1, 2.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, nts.1
in Union Army, 8.1, bm1.1, bm1.2
see also contrabands; free blacks; slavery, slaves
Blair, Francis Preston “Frank,” Jr., 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 9.1
St. Louis Arsenal and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Blair, Montgomery, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2
Butler’s correspondence with, 8.1, 8.2
Blakely gun, 4.1
Blandowski, Constantin, 6.1
Blenker, Max, 9.1
Bloomington, Ill., 3.1, nts.1
Boernstein, Henry (Heinrich Börnstein), 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10
Border Ruffians, 6.1
Boston, Mass., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1, nts.1
abolitionism in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1
Beacon Hill in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
Emerson lectures in, 4.1, 5.1
mob violence in, 1.1, 2.1
newspapers in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1, 3.1
Wide Awakes in, 1.1, 1.2
Boston & Maine Railroad, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 6.1
Boston Courier, 2.1
Boston Daily Advertiser, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
Boston Evening Transcript, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 6.1, 6.2
Boston Post, 1.1
Brady, Mathew, 2.1, 4.1
Breckinridge, John, 1.1, 3.1
“Briarwood Pipe, The” (Homer), nts1.1
Brooklyn, N.Y., 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, nts.1
Brooks, Preston, 1.1, 2.1
Brown, Harvey, 8.1
Brown, John, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
hanging of, 2.1, 3.1, 7.1
Harper’s Ferry raid of, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 8.1
Brownell, Frank, 7.1, 7.2
Browning, Orville, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1
Bryant, William Cullen, 1.1, 2.1, nts.1
Buchanan, James, prl.1, prl.2, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1, 9.1, bm1.1, nts.1
as “Granny Buck,” 1.1, 3.1
Lincoln compared with, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 9.1, nts.1
Lincoln’s inauguration and, 3.1
message to Congress of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
New Year’s levees and, 2.1, nts.1
secession and, 2.1, 2.2, nts.1
slavery and, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
U.S. Zouaves and, 5.1, 7.1
Buck, Frank, 6.1, 6.2
Buffalo, N.Y., 3.1, 5.1
<
br /> Bull Run, First Battle of, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 9.2, bm1.1
Bunker Hill, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 6.1, 6.2
Burch, John, 6.1
Burke, Edmund, 3.1
Burns, Anthony, 1.1, 6.1
Burnside, Ambrose E., nts.1
Bush, Isidor, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Butler, Benjamin Franklin, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 9.1
Confederate envoy met by, 8.1
contrabands-of-war decision of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7
on fugitives, 8.1
M. Blair’s correspondence with, 8.1, 8.2
in New Orleans, bm1.1
political career of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 5.1
Cadets of the National Guard, see U.S. Zouave Cadets
California, 6.1, 6.2
Gold Rush in, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2
independence considered for, 6.1, 6.2
legislature in, 6.1, 6.2, bm1.1
slavery and, 6.1, 6.2
statehood for, 6.1
telegraph and, 5.1, 6.1, nts.1
Union and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
Call, Richard, 2.1
Cameron, Simon, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, nts.1
Cameron Highlanders, 9.1
Campbell, Alexander, 3.1, 3.2, nts.1
Camp Jackson, 6.1, 6.2
Canada, Canadians, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1
fugitive slaves and, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
cannons, canon warfare, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 8.1
Capitol, U.S., 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, bm1.1
dome of, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2
mail in, 2.1
regiments quartered in, 7.1, 7.2
return to normal in, 9.1
slaves and, 2.1, 2.2, 7.1
Caribbean, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1
Cary, John Baytop, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5
Cass, Lewis, 2.1
Castle Pinckney, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, prl.4, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
Catton, Bruce, 4.1
Cavaliers, 2.1, 3.1
Cayton, Andrew R. L., nts.1
census of 1860, 6.1
“Centenarian’s Story, The” (Whitman), 1.1, 9.1
Central America, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1
Central Overland Trail, 6.1
Chandler, Zachariah, 2.1
Charleston, S.C., prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, prl.4, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, bm1.1
battle watched from, 4.1, 4.2
Chesnut mansion in, 8.1
mail boat from, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
Charleston Courier, prl.1
Charleston Harbor, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, bm1.1
see also Castle Pinckney; Fort Moultrie; Fort Sumter
Charleston Mercury, prl.1, 4.1
Charlestown, Mass., 1.1, 6.1, 6.2
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 9.1
Chase, Salmon P., 4.1, 4.2
Cheasapeake Bay, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Chesnut, James, Jr., 4.1, 8.1, 8.2
Chesnut, Mary, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1, bm1.1
Chester, James, 4.1, 4.2, nts.1
Chicago, Ill., 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 7.2
1860 Republican convention in, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1, 5.2
Ellsworth in, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4
Chicago Times, 8.1
Chicago Tribune, 5.1, 8.1
Child, Lydia Maria, 4.1, 8.1
China, 6.1, 9.1
Church, Frederic, 4.1, 8.1
Cincinnati Daily Commercial, 3.1
Cincinnati Daily Enquirer, 2.1, 3.1
City of Alton (steamboat), 6.1
civil rights, 3.1, bm1.1, bm1.2
Civil Rights Act (1875), bm1.1
Civil War, prl.1, prl.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 8.1, nts.1
costs of, 2.1, 8.1, nts.1
Missouri and, 6.1
as Republican war, 8.1
as second American Revolution, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 1.1, 6.1, 9.1
squalor vs. heroism of, prl.1
start of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1
Clark, J. H., 4.1
Clay, Cassius M., 1.1
Clay, Clement C., Jr., 2.1, nts.1
Clay, Henry, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 7.1, nts.1
Cleveland, Ohio, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 5.1, bm1.1, nts.1
Cleveland Leader, 3.1, nts.1
Clingman, Thomas, 2.1
Cole, Thomas, 3.1
Coles, Edward, 3.1, nts.1
Colorado Territory, 6.1, 6.2
Columbia, S.C., 2.1, 2.2
Columbus, Christopher, nts.1
Columbus, Ohio, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, nts.1
comets, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2
Compromise of 1850, 2.1, 6.1
Confederacy, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, nts.1
armies of, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1
Bennett’s views on, 5.1
Big Bethel and, 8.1
Charleston Harbor batteries of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
federal properties seized by, 4.1, 6.1, 9.1
Hampton burned by, 8.1
in Hampton Roads, 8.1
Independence Day celebrated by, 9.1
Missouri and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
at Moultrie, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5
organization of, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1
slaves and, 4.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Sumter attacked by, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 8.1, bm1.1
Confiscation Act (1861), 8.1
“Conflict of Convictions, The” (Melville), 5.1
Congress, Confederate, 8.1, 9.1, bm1.1, bm1.2
Congress, U.S., 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 9.1, nts.1, nts.2
Buchanan’s message to, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Independence Day and, 9.1, 9.2
sarcasm, invective, and histrionics in, 2.1, nts.1
slavery and, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2
see also House of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S.
Connecticut, 1.1, nts.1
Constellation, USS, 1.1
Constitution, U.S., prl.1, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 9.1
Corwin amendment and, 3.1
Crittenden Compromise and, 2.1
secession and, 2.1
slavery and, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 8.1
Constitutional Union Party, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, nts.1
Continental Congress, prl.1
contrabands, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, bm1.1
Butler’s decision about, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7
postwar lives of, bm1.1, bm1.2
Convention of the People of South Carolina (1860), prl.1
Cook, John, 5.1
Cooperstown, N.Y., 4.1, nts.1
Cooper Union, 1.1, 5.1
Corbett, Mrs., 6.1
corruption, prl.1, 2.1
Corwin, Thomas, 3.1, 4.1
Corwin amendment, 3.1, nts.1
cotton, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1
Cox, Jacob, 3.1, 4.1, nts.1
Craven, Jefferson, 8.1
Crawford, Samuel Wylie, prl.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4
Crimean War, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2
Crittenden, John J., 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, bm1.1, nts.1
Crittenden Compromise, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
Cuba, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 5.1
Cummings Point (Charleston), 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5
Curry, Thomas, 9.1
Curtis, George W., 8.1, 8.2, 9.1
Daily National Intelligencer, 59, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Dakota Territory, 6.1
Dallas, Tex., 1.1
Dana, Richard Henry, 5.1, 5.2
Darwin, Charles, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
Davis, Jefferson, prl.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 9.1, bm1.1
C. F. Jackson’s gun req
uest to, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
in election of 1860, 8.1, 8.2
inaugural address of, 9.1
liberty cap protested by, 7.1
Senate farewell of, 2.1, 9.1
Sumter and, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
Declaration of Independence, prl.1, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, bm1.1
democracy, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2
Democratic National Convention (1860), 8.1, 8.2
Democrats, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 8.1
Butler as, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
election of 1860 and, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, nts.1
Northern, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
in Ohio, 3.1, 3.2
St. Louis, 6.1, 6.2
Wide Awakes and, 1.1, nts.1
Dennison, William, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1
Denslow, Homer W., nts.1
Denton, William, 3.1
Department of the Pacific, 6.1
Department of the West, 6.1, 6.2
Department of Virginia and North Carolina, 8.1
Detroit, Mich., 1.1, 5.1
DeVilliers, Charles, 5.1
Dickens, Charles, 5.1
Disciples (Campbellites; the Brethren), 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, nts.1, nts.2
“Discoveries and Inventions” (Lincoln), 5.1
disunion, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1
Buchanan’s views on, 2.1, 2.2
D.M. Pulliam & Co., 8.1
Dodge, Rev. E. W., 7.1
Doubleday, Abner, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, prl.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, nts.1, nts.2
on Anderson, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, nts.1
baseball and, 4.1, nts.1
at Sumter, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, bm1.1
Doubleday, Mary, 4.1
Doubleday, Ulysses, 4.1
Douglas, Mrs. Stephen, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2
Douglas, Stephen, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 3.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 9.1
Douglass, Frederick, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, bm1.1, nts.1
emigration considered by, 8.1
Lincoln’s inaugural and, 3.1, 8.1
Dred Scott case, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 8.1, 8.2
Duden, Gottfried, 6.1
Duryee, Abram, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, nts1.1
East Asia, East Asians, 6.1, 6.2
economy, U.S., 2.1, 2.2, 4.1
Edward VII, King of England, see Albert Edward, Prince of Wales
“1861” (Whitman), epi.1
election of 1860, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, nts.1
campaigning in, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, nts.1
Lincoln’s nomination in, 1.1, 5.1
secession crisis and, 2.1, 2.2
elections
1861 Page 61
