Hunt and Kill
Page 35
30. Hy Delman, “42 to Dine, Plan U-505 Strategy,” Chicago American, Thursday April 16, 1953, 7.
31. “Chicago’s U-Boat, If City Acts Fast,” Chicago American, April 22, 1953.
32. Ibid.
33. Harold Smith, “U-505 Passes Inspection by Chicago Group: Finds it in Better Shape Than Reported,” Chicago Daily Tribune, April 24, 1953, Hy Delman, “Problem of Whale on Land, U-505 Move Giant Task,” Chicago American, April 26, 1953, 15.
34. Hy Delman, “Full Speed on U-505 !” Chicago Herald American, April 24, 1953.
35. “Inspiration, Museum plans U-505 Shrine,” Chicago American, April 27, 1953. One of the reasons the museum had not added a submarine to its collection was the attitude of many post-WWI Americans, who opposed involvement in another international war and were against celebrating machines built to kill people. Museum officials, therefore, decided to focus on the scientific aspect of submarines. Their initial efforts were spent searching for submarines that had been utilized for scientific research. Candidates suitable for exhibit, naturally enough, were very scarce. Eventually the museum found ways to justify exhibiting submarines with military connections, but by this time the best opportunities were no longer available and other priorities occupied their time and resources.
36. “Approve Plans for Moving Nazi Sub to Museum, Park Board Authorize Necessary Permits,” Chicago Daily Tribune, April 29, 1953.
37. “Torpedo,” Chicago American, June 14, 1953, 19.
38. Late in the game Milwaukee, Wisconsin, flirted with making a bid, and even began raising money to preserve U-505 there, but in the end no other city made a counter proposal. “Clear 2 Legal Steps to Bring Nazi Sub Here,” Chicago Daily News, June 26, 1953.
39. “Mayor’s Group to Hear U-boat Trophy Report,” Chicago Daily Tribune, July 8, 1953, pt. 1, 2.
40. “Continue Drive for U-505 Though Cost Doubles: Seek $40, 000 to Fix Sub for Trip,” Chicago Daily Tribune, July 9, 1953, pt. 1, 5. According to Jack Manley, the president of the International Ship Master’s Association of Chicago who inspected U-505 at its berth in Portsmouth, the boat’s topside exterior was in extremely bad condition, and considerable work on the interior would also be required.
41. “$221,000 Goal, U-505 Fund Drive Opens,” Chicago American, July 9, 1953, 3.
42. Kathry Loring, “U-boat Epic Will be Told at Benefit,” Chicago Daily Tribune, November 23, 1953, Section F, pt. 5, 2, “Film of U-505 Capture Shown in Fund Drive,” Chicago Daily Tribune, July 15, 1953, pt. 1, 17.
43. “$225,000 Drive for U-505 to Begin Today,” Chicago Daily Tribune, July 16, 1953, pt. 1, 4.
44. “Wagner Name to Go on U-505 Donor Plaque,” Chicago Daily Tribune, July 17, 1953, pt. 3, 2.
45. Gallery, Daniel, “Adm. Gallery Answers Question: Why Bring U-505 to Chicago?” Letters to the Editor, Chicago Daily News, August 13, 1953, 10.
46. “U-505,” Chicago Sun Times, February 2, 1954.
47. Ibid.
48. Grace, H. H., “Reader Votes No on Submarine Project,” Chicago Daily News, August 5, 1953.
49. “Hilton Hotels Act: New $1, 000 Gift to U-Boat Fund,” Chicago Daily News, July 28, 1953.
50. “Repair Delay Holds Up U-Boat’s Trip To Chicago,” Chicago Daily Tribune, August 7, 1953.
51. “May Bring U-boat Here in September,” Chicago Daily News, August 18, 1953, 6. This was in keeping with U-505’s “tradition” when two pairs of pants, loose bolts, and debris were removed from the boat’s tanks by Kriegsmarine dockyard personnel in early 1944!
52. Robert Howard, “Chicago Group Pleased with Sub’s Condition,” Chicago Daily Tribune, August 19, 1953, pt. 1, 20F. Accompanying the team were three members of the Seabee battalion, who had presented the two options for moving the boat onto land. With them was C. Thomas Kelly, the Chicago Park District assistant engineer, with blueprints of the bridges affected by the lagoon move option. The task was to confirm the dimensions of the boat to determine if the lagoon option was feasible. The following men made the trip: Seth Gooder, Robert Crown, Carl Stockholm, Dan Gallery, C. Thomas Kelly, Fred Joyce, Jr., Albert E. Hill Jr., Harold E. Peterson, Luther C. Mueller, Maurice L. Horner Jr., B. T. Franck, Dan McMaster, and Thomas F White, Jr. The list appears in Chicago American article “U-505 Safe, Seaworthy,” August 19, 1953, 4, and additional names in “Chicago Naval Experts Study U-505 in East: Admiral and Engineers Fly to Portsmouth,” Chicago Daily Tribune, August 18, 1953.
53. John Justin Smith, “Find U-Boat’s Voyage Here Will Be Tight Sque-e-eze: Conning Tower Must Come off,” Chicago Daily News, August 19, 1953, 38.
54. Ibid.
55. John Justin Smith, “Delve Into U-Boat Problems: Chicagoans at Navy Dry-dock Study How to Bring Ship Here,” Chicago Daily News, August 18, 1953, 6.
56. News Release for Wednesday, December 30, 1953, Fred A. Joyce and Son Public Relations, Chicago, MSI Archives, U-505 PR Box.
57. “Legal Snag Delays Bringing German Submarine Here,” Chicago Sun-Times, September 20, 1953.
58. “U-Boat, Captured in War II, to be Exhibited Here,” Milwaukee Sentinel, October 28, 1953. Support for U-505 would eventually come from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as well as Minneapolis, Minnesota, Akron, Ohio, New York City, New York, Detroit, Michigan, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Los Angeles, California, to name just a few of the more prominent cities around the United States. Much of this support was the result of national efforts by the various chapters of the Navy League. “Other Cities Boost Fund for U-505,” Chicago American, December 28, 1954.
59. “700 Mile Tow Offered Free to U-505 Fund: New Yorker Cuts Cost of Voyage 33%,” Chicago Daily Tribune, November 16, 1953.
60. “Aid Drive to Bring U-505 Here: Free Tow Offer, $500 Received,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, November 29, 1953.
61. “Early Spring U-505 Goal,” Chicago American, December 30, 1953, 4. See also, News Release for Wednesday, December 30, 1953, Fred A. Joyce and Son Public Relations, Chicago, MSI Archives, U-505 PR Box.
62. “U-Boat Fund hits $150, 000,” Chicago Daily News, December 30, 1953; “Launch Final Drive for Case to Move U-505: $100, 000 is pledged, $50, 000 is needed,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 30, 1954, pt. 1, p. 10.
63. News Release for Wednesday December 30, 1953, Fred A. Joyce and Son Public Relations, Chicago, MSI Archives, U-505 PR Box.
64. “Tentative Date for Dedication of U-505 is Set,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, January 17, 1954, pt. 1, 36H.
65. “Souvenir of Souvenirs,” Chicago Daily Tribune, February 6, 1954, pt. 1, 10H. To encourage continued donations, donors at the $100 or more level received a Plank Owner’s card. The small card featured a drawing of the U-505 boarding party with an inscription bestowing lifelong membership to the “prize crew,” and entitled the bearer to “board and seize any enemy submarines that attempt to molest him on the high seas,” and free admission to U-505. The initial admission fee was .25 cents. “You Can Be U-505 “Plank Owner,” Chicago Sun Times, February 20, 1954. A plank owner card is also available in the MSI archives.
66. Chicago Daily News, January 21, 1954.
67. http://www.ussnautilus.org/history.htm.
68. “Crown to Ask Ike to U-505 Fete on July 4,” Chicago Daily Tribune, January 23, 1954, pt. 1. 2.
69. “Museum Given title to U-505 by Navy Chief,” Chicago Daily Tribune, March 10, 1954, pt. 1, 5.
70. Paul Leach, “Title to U-505 Issued to Museum,” Chicago Daily News, March 9, 1954.
71. Letter, Earl Trosino to Dan Gallery, March 31, 1954, and Dan Gallery reply to Earl Trosino, April 2, 1954, UIC Archives, Lenox Lohr papers.
72. Gene Byer, “Nazi U-Boat Captured by Springfield Man,” Chester [PA] Times, May 11, 1954, 1.
73. “Nazi U-boat to Head for City May 1,” Chicago Daily News, April 13, 1954, 20; “U-505 to Start Long Trip Here About May 15,” Chicago Daily Tribune, May 3, 1954, pt. 1, 7F.
74. “U-505 Captors to Share in Dedication,” Chicago Daily Tribune, May 6, 1954.
; 75. Ibid.
76. “Big Yacht Starts Cruise to Bring Nazi Sub Here,” Chicago Sun-Times, May 13, 1954; “Yacht to Meet U-505,” Chicago American, May 12, 1954, 25.
77. “Bad Weather Holds Up Tow Trip Of U-505,” Chicago Daily Tribune, May 15, 1954, and “Winds halt U-505 Trip,” Chicago American, May 14, 1954; “Leaves Yard: Halt Trip Of U-505 To Chicago,” Chicago Daily News, May 14, 1954.
78. “German U-Boat Begins its Long Trip To Chicago: Tug Pulls Submarine Toward Nova Scotia,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, May 16, 1954, pt. 2, 12F.
79. “U-Boat Heads for Chicago Museum,” Jamestown [N.Y.] Post Journal, May 14, 1954.
80. “He’ll Tow Nazi U-Boat He Helped To Capture,” Philadelphia Daily News, May 11, 1954, is just one example of many that followed.
81. Few realize just how difficult it was to keep U-505 from foundering during the critical hours after its capture. The boarding and salvage parties struggled for hours to keep the boat above water. During the two-week tow to Bermuda, salvage crews paid daily visits to U-505 to keep the boat from sinking. Their tasks included, but were not limited to: pumping bilges, blowing ballast, and re-charging batteries all of which was magnificently directed by Earl Trosino.
82. “U-Boat Moving Along, Captain of Tug Radios,” Chicago Daily Tribune, May 17, 1954.
83. “U-505 Slowed By Fog Bank Near Halifax,” Chicago Daily Tribune, May 18, 1954, pt. 1, 15.
84. “Fog Shrouds U-505, Tug, Radio Silent,” (no publishing information is available, but a copy of the article exists in MSI archives, U-505 newsclip collection).
85. “U-505 Goes Back ‘On Air,” Chicago American, May 20, 1954; “U-505, Escort Resume Contact After Storm,” May 20, 1954 (no publishing information is available, but a copy of the article exists in MSI archives, U-505 newsclip collection). “U-505 is Safe After Storm of 36 Hours,” Chicago Daily Tribune, May 20, 1954.
86. “Report U-505 off Gaspe Peninsula,” Chicago Daily News, May 20, 1954.
87. See http://www.uboat.net, an extraordinarily thorough and well organized web site about U-boats from both WWI and WWII; http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=history/secondwar/battlegulf/intro.
88. “2, 000 in Baie Comeau Visit Captured U-505,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, May 23, 1954, pt. 1, 3.
89. “U-505 To Reach Montreal Today,” May 25, 1954, 9 (no publishing information available).
90. http://www.great-lakes.net/lakes/stlaw.xhtml.
91. “Guide U-505 Through Canada Canal,” May 27, 1954 (no publishing information available).
92. “Chicago-Bound Submarine Lures Canadians to Canal,” (paper unknown), May 28, 1954 F, pt. 1, 5.
93. “Captured U-Boat Delayed in Locks en Route to City,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 29, 1954.
94. “Adm. Gallery Rides U-505 Thru Locks on Trip Here,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, May 30, 1954.
95. “U-505 Aid Promised,” Chicago American, May 30, 1954.
96. “En Route Here, Sub Gets Tight Squeeze,” Chicago Sun Times, May 31, 1954; “Captured U-Boat Delayed in Locks en Route to City,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 29, 1954.
97. “Former U-Boat Due in Buffalo,” New York Times, June 2, 1954.
98. “Chicago-Bound Submarine Lures Canadians to Canal,” (paper unknown), May 28, 1954 F pt. 1, p. 5.
99. “Tug Pauline L Moran Tows Ex-Nazi Sub Portsmouth, NH to Port Colborne, Ont.,” Tow Line, Moran Towing and Transportation Co, Vol. VII, No. 3.
100. “Nazi Sub Docks, Scars Tell Tale: Hundreds on Hand as Prize of War Arrives,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 3, 1944.
101. “Nazi Submarine at E. 9th Pier,” Cleveland News, June 3, 1954.
102. Author’s interview of Mrs. Chester Mocarski, December 2002. Various accounts that describe Mocarski’s injuries as a crushed leg, two broken legs, or a broken back are incorrect. Interview with Chester Mocarski family with the author, May 2001, Chicago. Wayne Pickles Questionnaire, 1954, MSI archives. It was during this effort to help Mocarski that Pickels dropped the tool box loaded with machinist tools and gear. It plunged into the depths of the sea and was lost. The heavy tool box was attached to a long chain. Pickels was going to attach one end of the chain to the boat and lower the tool box down the hatch to keep any waiting Germans from closing it behind them.
103. “U-505 Ceremony to Mark Capture by U.S. Navy,” Chicago Daily News, June 4, 1954.
104. “U-505 Seized 10 Years Ago, Ceremony Set,” Chicago Daily Tribune, June 4, 1954, pt. 1, p. 11.
105. “Two Chicago Painters in Cleveland Spray Exterior of U-505,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, June 6, 1954, pt. 5, 36F; U-505 would not be painted in its original colors until 2003.
106. “U-505 Leaves Cleveland on Way to Toledo,” Chicago Daily Tribune, June 8, 1954, pt. 2, 2F.
107. “Boards Sub: Admiral Gallery Greets U-505 at Detroit,” Chicago Daily News, June 11, 1954.
108. “German U-Boat’s Visit Stirs Veteran’s Memory,” Detroit Michigan Times, June 14, 1954.
109. “Town Talk,” Alpena Michigan News, June 16, 1954; “Nazi Sub Fails To Stop in City,” Alpena Michigan News, June 15, 1954.
110. “U-505 Heading for Milwaukee From Mackinac,” Chicago Daily Tribune, June 18, 1954.
111. “U-505 Docks at Milwaukee on Way Here,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, June 20, 1954, pt. 1, 34F.
112. Chicago Daily News, Thursday June 24, 1954.
113. http://www.kacm.com/Tidalwave.htm
114. The scientific name for what took place is “seiche,” a phenomenon that strikes enclosed bodies of water when oscillations at the right frequency occur. The result is something akin to water in a bathtub sloshing back and forth. This phenomenon is relatively rare and only a few natural locations in the world, including the Great Lakes, Lake Geneva, Loch Earn in Scotland, and Lake Vattern in Sweden, are subject to them.
115. “Four Local Men Helped Take Nazi Sub,” The South End Reporter, June 30, 1954, 1.
116. Clay Gowran, “Chicago Roars Its Welcome to Captured Sub,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, June 27, 1954, 1, 6, 7
117. This internet address was active when checked for this article: http://tucnak.fsv.cuni.cz/ ˜calda/Documents/1930s/FDR–Quarantine–1937.htm l.
118. “Engineers Plan on Rolling Sub Across Street,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, February 14, 1954; “How U-505 will be ‘landed’ at Museum,” Chicago American, February 21, 1954; “A Cheaper Way Found to Bring U-505 Here,” Chicago Daily News, February 20, 1954.
119. “Big Machines Needed To Help Transfer U-505,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, March 21, 1954.
120. Letter from D. M. McMaster, May 3, 1954, for general PR use. Correspondence file 1953-54, 5-3, 99, MSI archives.
121. “Submarine Moved Onto S. Side Beach,” Chicago Daily Sun Times, August 14, 1954.
122. The portions of the submarine’s outer hull and pressure hulls removed were cut into small square pieces and sold as souvenirs in the gift shop for many years.
123. The bronze memorial plaque has an interesting history. The museum was approached by Leonard Grosse of Chicago’s Bronze Incorporated Company to create the plaque, which was intended to remind future visitors of the importance of the boat. The upper 1/3 is a bas-relief based on the proud tradition of the U.S. Navy. The ghostly sailing ship in the background represented USS Peacock’s 1815 capture of HMS Nautilus in the Straits of Sunda. The plaque’s middle portion depicts USS Guadalcanal and U-505, the latter with its bow poking out of the water and a salvage party hard at work. Sculptor Fred M Torrey and at least eight others worked on the plaque. Grosse generously donated the finished piece of art, which cost about $5, 000 in 1954 dollars. The title block in the middle of the plaque originally read “Nazi Submarine U-505,” but after the dedication the museum decided to change the wording on the plaque to read “German Submarine U-505.” This was in deference to the feelings of many German companies who, in the 1950s, were working hard to rebuild Germany with the assistance of the U.S. Government. In addition, some of these companies were b
eing asked by the museum to contribute knowledge or materials for U-505’s restoration. Some had expressed an interest in helping but objected to the connection to the “Nazi” past exhibited in the wording of the original plaque.
124. These stories are compiled from various news articles at the time and follow up interviews with Mrs. Hohne, Mrs. Wdowiak, and Mrs. Trusheim.
125. “Discloses U.S. Preparations for U-Boat War,” Chicago Daily Tribune, September 24, 1954, pt. 2, 3; “U-505 Speaker Warns Russians Build Big Sub Fleet,” Chicago American, September 24, 1954.
126. Ibid.
127. Gallery letter to R. A. Beecher, September 11, 1954, UIC Archives; “U-505 Passes Preview, Dedication is Tomorrow, Navy Secretary Praises Men Who Captured it in War,” Chicago Daily News, September 24, 1954. The awardees were: Robert Crown and Carl Stockholm as co-chairs of the U-505 committee; both were Naval reserve officers and active in the Navy League (Crown was the Vice President of Material Services Corporation and Vice President of the Navy League, and Stockholm the Regional President of the 9th Region); Seth Gooder (civil engineer who skillfully transferred U-505 onto land); Lenox Lohr (President of Museum, conceived of the idea in 1947 and kept it alive); William V. Kahler (President of Illinois Bell and Chairman of the dedication committee); and Ralph Bard, Sr. (a former Undersecretary of the Navy and prominent Chicago attorney who served as Honorary Chair of the U-505 committee and raised the the most money for the project). Secretary Thomas told the crowd, “The awarding of these medals was kept almost as secret as the capture of U-505 by the men in the task force.”
128. “U-505 Dedicated as War Tribute; 40, 000 Watch,” Chicago Sun Times, September 26, 1954; “U-505 Dedication Viewed by 45, 000: Admiral Halsey Calls Sub Warning to Reds,” Chicago American, September 26, 1954.
129. The attack periscope was for spotting and attacking enemy ships with torpedoes, and the other—the periscope recovered from San Diego—was an aerial-navigational periscope.
130. U-858 was not the only German submarine that contributed parts to U-505. Spare parts were also salvaged from U-3008, a Type XXI boat, for use in the mock-up conning tower located in the exit ramp from U-505.