Inside the Centre: The Life of J. Robert Oppenheimer

by Ray Monk

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert, ‘On the Quantum Theory of Vibration-Rotation Bands’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 23, 327–35 (1926a)

  — ‘On the Quantum Theory of the Problem of the Two Bodies’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 23, 422–31 (1926b)

  — ‘Quantum Theory and Intensity Distribution in Continuous Spectra’, Nature, 118, 771 (1926c)

  — ‘Quantentheorie des kontinuierlichen Absorptionsspektrums’, Naturwissenschaften, 14, 1282 (1926d)

  — ‘Zur Quantentheorie kontinuierlicher Spektren’, Zeitschrift für Physik, 41, 268–93 (1927a)

  — ‘Zur Quantenmechanik der Richtungsentartung’, Zeitschrift für Physik, 43, 27–46 (1927b)

  — ‘Bermerkung zur Zerstreuung der α-Teilchen’, Zeitschrift für Physik, 43, 413–15 (1927c)

  — ‘On the Quantum Theory of the Polarization of Impact Radiation’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 13, 800–5 (1927d)

  — ‘Three Notes on the Quantum Theory of Aperiodic Effects’, Physical Review, 31, 66–81 (1928a)

  — ‘On the Quantum Theory of the Capture of Electrons’, Physical Review, 31, 349–56 (1928b)

  — ‘On the Quantum Theory of the Ramsauer Effect’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 14, 261–2 (1928c)

  — ‘On the Quantum Theory of Field Currents’, Physical Review, 31, 914 (1928d)

  — ‘On the Quantum Theory of the Autoelectric Field Currents’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 14, 363–5 (1928e)

  — ‘Über die Strahlung der freien Elektronen im Coulombfeld’, Zeitschrift für Physik, 55, 725–37 (1929)

  — ‘Note on the theory of the interaction of field and matter’, Physical Review, 35, 461–77 (1930a)

  — ‘On the theory of electrons and protons’, Physical Review, 35, 562–3 (1930b)

  — ‘Are the formulae for the absorption of high energy radiations valid?’, Physical Review, 47, 44–52 (1934)

  — ‘Cosmic Rays: Report of Recent Progress, 1936–1941’, Science in the University, Berkeley: University of California Press, 23–38 (1944)

  — ‘Electron Theory: Report to the Solvay Congress for Physics at Brussels, Belgium, September 27 to October 2, 1948’, in Schwinger (1958), 145–55 (1948)

  — ‘Discussion on the Disintegration and Nuclear Absorption of Mesons: Remarks on µ-decay’, Reviews of Modern Physics, 21 (1), 34–5 (1949a)

  — ‘Concluding Remarks to Cosmic-Ray Symposium’, Reviews of Modern Physics, 21 (1), 181–3 (1949b)

  — ‘Comments on the Military Value of the Atom’, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, VII (2), 43–5 (1951)

  — ‘Atomic Weapons and American Policy’, Foreign Affairs, 31 (4), 525–35 (July 1953), also Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, IX (96), 202–5 (July 1953)

  — Science and the Common Understanding, New York: Simon & Schuster (1954)

  — The Open Mind, New York: Simon & Schuster (1955)

  — ‘Einstein’, Reviews of Modern Physics, 28 (1), 1–2 (January 1956 = 1956a)

  — ‘Physics Tonight’, Physics Today, 10–13 (July 1956 = 1956b)

  — ‘Electron Theory: Description and Analogy’, Physics Today 12–20 (July 1957)

  — ‘The Tree of Knowledge’, Harper’s Magazine, 55–60 (October 1958 = 1958a)

  — ‘A Study of Thinking’, The Sewanee Review, 46, 481–90 (1958b)

  — ‘The Mystery of Matter’, Saturday Evening Post (5 July 1958 = 1958c)

  — ‘The Role of the Big Accelerators’, Think 8–11 (October 1959)

  — ‘In the Keeping of Unreason’, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, XVI (1), 18–22 (1960)

  — ‘Niels Henrik David Bohr’, Year Book of the American Philosophical Society, 107–17 (1963)

  — The Flying Trapeze: Three Crises for Physicists, London: Oxford University Press (1964)

  — ‘Thirty Years of Mesons’, Physics Today 51–8 (November 1966)

  — Uncommon Sense, Boston: Birkhäuser (1984)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Arnold, W., ‘Internal Conversion in the Photosynthetic Mechanism of Blue Green Algae’, Journal of General Physiology, 33, 423–5 (1950)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Bethe, Hans, ‘Reaction of Radiation on Electron Scattering and Heitler’s Theory of Radiation Damping’, Physical Review, 70, 451–8 (1946)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Born, Max, ‘Zur Quantentheorie der Molekeln’, Annalen der Physik, 84, 457–84 (1927)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Carlson, J.F., ‘On the Range of Fast Electrons and Neutrons’, Physical Review, 38, 1787–8 (1931)

  — ‘The Impacts of Fast Electrons and Magnetic Neutrons’, Physical Review, 39, 763–92 (1932)

  — ‘On Multiplicative Showers’, Physical Review, 51, 220–31 (1937)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert, Epstein, S.T. and Finkelstein, R.J., ‘Note on Stimulated Decay of Negative Mesons’, Physical Review, 73, 1140–1 (1948)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Furry, Wendell H., ‘On the Theory of the Electron and the Positive’, Physical Review, 45, 245–62 (1934a)

  — ‘On the Theory of the Electron and the Positive’, Physical Review, 45, 343–4 (1934b)

  — ‘On the Limitations of the Theory of the Positron’, Physical Review, 45, 903–4 (1934c)

  — ‘On the Spin of the Mesotron’, Physical Review, 59, 462 (1941)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Hall, Harvey, ‘Relativistic Theory of the Photoelectric Effect’, Physical Review, 38, 57–9 (1931)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Lauritsen, C.C., ‘On the Scattering of the Th C" γ-Rays’, Physical Review, 46, 80–1 (1934)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert, Lewis, H.W. and Wouthuysen, S.A., ‘The Multiple Production of Mesons’, Physical Review, 73, 127–40 (1948)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Nedelsky, Leo, ‘The Production of Positives by Nuclear Gamma Rays’, Physical Review, 44, 948–9 (1933)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Phillips, M., ‘Note on the Transmutation Function for Deuterons’, Physical Review, 48, 500–2 (1935)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Plesset, Milton S., ‘On the Production of the Positive Electron’, Physical Review, 44, 53–5 (1933)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Schwinger, J.S., ‘On Pair Emission in the Proton Bombardment of Fluorine’, Physical Review, 56, 1066–7 (1939)

  — ‘On the Interaction of Mesotrons and Nuclei’, Physical Review, 60, 150–2 (1941)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Serber, R., ‘Note on the Nature of Cosmic-Ray Particles’, Physical Review, 51, 1113 (1937)

  — ‘On the Stability of Stellar Neutron Cores’, Physical Review, 54, 540 (1938)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert, Serber, R., Nordheim, G. and Nordheim, L.W., ‘The Disintegration of High-Energy Protons’, Physical Review, 51, 1037–45 (1937)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert, Serber, R. and Snyder, H., ‘The Production of Soft Secondaries by Mesotrons’, Physical Review, 57, 75–81 (1939)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Snyder, H., ‘On Continued Gravitational Contraction’, Physical Review, 56, 455–9 (1939)

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert and Volkoff, G.M., ‘On Massive Neutron Cores’, Physical Review, 55, 374–81 (1939)

  Pais, Abraham, ‘Subtle is the Lord . . .’: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein, Oxford: Oxford University Press (1982)

  — Inward Bound: Of Matter and Forces in the Physical World, Oxford: Clarendon (1986)

  — Niels Bohr’s Times, in Physics, Philosophy and Polity, Oxford: Oxford University Press (1991)

  — A Tale of Two Continents: A Physicist’s Life in a Turbulent World, Oxford: Oxford University Press (1997)

  — ‘In Memoriam: Robert Serber (1909–1997)’, Physics in Perspective, 1, 105–10 (1999)

  — The Genius of Science: A Portrait Gallery, Oxford: Oxford University Press (2000)

  — (with supplemental material by Robert P. Crease), J. Robert Oppenheimer: A Life, Oxford: Oxford University Press (2006)

  Palevsky, Mary, Atomic Fragment
s: A Daughter’s Questions, Berkeley: University of California Press (2000)

  Pauli, Wolfgang, Scientific Correspondence with Bohr, Einstein, Heisenberg a. o., Volume 1, 1919–1929, Berlin: Springer (1979)

  Pauling, Linus, The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Cornell: Cornell University Press (1939)

  Peierls, Rudolf, ‘Critical Conditions in Neutron Multiplication’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 35, 610–15 (1939)

  — ‘Wolfgang Ernst Pauli, 1900–1958’, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, 5, 174–92 (1960)

  — Bird of Passage: Recollections of a Physicist, Princeton: Princeton University Press (1985)

  Pfau, Tichard, No Sacrifice Too Great: The Life of Lewis L. Strauss, Charlottesville, University Press of Virginia (1984)

  Pharr Davis, Nuel, Lawrence and Oppenheimer, Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett Publications (1969)

  Philip, Michel, ‘The Hidden Onlooker’, Yale French Studies, No. 34, Proust, 37–42 (1965)

  Piccard, Paul J., ‘Scientists and Public Policy: Los Alamos, August–November, 1945’, The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 2, 251–62 (1965)

  Pilkington, William T., ‘Harvey Fergusson’, in A Literary History of the American West, Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 546–58 (1987)

  Polenberg, Richard (ed.), In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer: The Security Clearance Hearing, Ithaca: Cornell University Press (2002)

  Polkinghorne, John, Quantum Theory: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press (2002)

  Powers, Thomas, Heisenberg’s War: The Secret History of the German Bomb, London: Penguin (1994)

  Priestley, Raymond E., Antarctic Adventure: Scott’s Northern Party, London: T. Fisher Unwin (1914)

  — Breaking the Hindenberg Line: The Story of the 46th (North Midland) Division, London: T. Fisher Unwin (1919)

  Pulzer, Peter, Jews and the German State: The Political History of a Minority, 1848–1933, Oxford: Blackwell (1992)

  Rabi, I.I. et al., Oppenheimer, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons (1969)

  Radest, Howard B., Toward Common Ground: The Story of the Ethical Societies in the United States, New York: Frederick Ungar (1969)

  Randall, John Herman, The Landscape and the Looking Glass: Willa Cather’s Search for Value, New York: Houghton Mifflin (1960)

  Raphael, Marc Lee, Jews and Judaism in the United States: A Documentary History, New York: Behrman House (1983)

  Reeves, Thomas C., The Life and Times of Joe McCarthy, New York: Madison Books (1997)

  Regis, Ed, Who Got Einstein’s Office? Eccentricity and Genius at the Institute for Advanced Study, London: Penguin (1989)

  Rhodes, Richard, The Making of the Atom Bomb, London: Penguin (1988)

  — Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb, New York: Touchstone (1996)

  Ribalow, Harold U. (ed.), Autobiographies of American Jews, Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America (1965)

  Richardson, R. Dan, Comintern Army: The International Brigades and the Spanish Civil War, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky (1982)

  Ridley, B.K., Time, Space and Things, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1994)

  Rigden, John S., Rabi: Scientist and Citizen, New York: Basic Books (1987)

  Riley, Thomas A., ‘Goethe and Parker Cleaveland’, PMLA, Vol. 67, No. 4, 350–74 (June 1952)

  Robertson, Peter, The Early Years: The Niels Bohr Institute 1921–1930, Copenhagen: Akademisk (1979)

  Romerstein, Herbert and Breindel, Eric, The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America’s Traitors, Washington DC: Regnery (2001)

  Roosevelt, Theodore, The Winning of the West: An Account of the Exploration and Settlement of Our Country from the Alleghanies to the Pacific (four volumes), New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons (1889–96)

  Rose, Paul Lawrence, Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project: A Study in German Culture, Berkeley: University of California Press (1998)

  Rotblat, Joseph, ‘Leaving the Bomb Project,’ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 41 (7), 16–19 (1985)

  Rouzé, Michel, Robert Oppenheimer: The Man and his Theories, London: Souvenir Press (1964)

  Rovere, Richard Halworth, Senator Joe McCarthy, Berkeley: University of California Press (1996)

  Royal, Denise, The Story of J. Robert Oppenheimer, New York: St Martin’s Press (1969)

  Rozental, Stefan (ed.), Niels Bohr: His Life and Work as Seen by His Friends and Colleagues, Amsterdam: North Holland (1967)

  Russell, Bertrand, The ABC of Atoms, London: Kegan Paul (1923)

  Rutherford, Ernest, ‘The scattering of α and ß particles by matter and the structure of the atom’, Philosophical Magazine, 21, 669–88 (1911)

  — ‘Bakerian Lecture. Nuclear Constitution of Atoms’, Proceedings of the Royal Society Series A, Vol. 97, 374–400 (1920)

  — ‘The Structure of the Radioactive Atom and the Origin of the Alpha Rays’, Philosophical Magazine, 22, 580–605 (1927)

  — ‘Address of the President’, Proceedings of the Royal Society Series A, Vol. 117, 300–316 (1928)

  — ‘The Structure of Atomic Nuclei’, Proceedings of the Royal Society Series A, Vol. 136, 735–62 (1932)

  Ryder, Arthur W., Original Poems together with Translations from the Sanskrit, Berkeley: University of California Press (1939)

  — The Bhagavad Gita 1929, Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger (2004)

  Sachs, Emanie, Red Damask: A Study of Nurture and Nature, New York: Harper & Brothers (1927)

  Schecter, Jerold and Leona, Sacred Secrets: How Soviet Intelligence Operations Changed American History, Washington DC: Brassey’s (2002)

  Schrecker, Ellen, The Age of McCarthyism: A Brief History with Documents, Boston: Bedford (1994)

  — Many are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America, Princeton: Princeton University Press (1998)

  Schrödinger, Erwin, ‘Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem’, Annalen der Physik, 4 (79), 361–76, 489–527; 4 (80), 437–90; 4 (81), 109–39 (1926a, 1926b, 1926c, 1926d)

  — ‘An Undulatory Theory of the Mechanics of Atoms and Molecules’, Physical Review, Vol. 28, No. 6, 1049–70 (1926e)

  — Collected Papers on Wave Mechanics, Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 3rd edition (1982)

  Schweber, S.S., ‘The Empiricist Temper Regnant: Theoretical Physics in the United States 1920–1950’, Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences,17, 1, 55–98, (1986a)

  — ‘Shelter Island, Pocono, and Oldstone: The Emergence of American Quantum Electrodynamics after World War II’, Osiris, 2nd Series, Vol. 2, 265–302 (1986b)

  — QED and the Men Who Made It, Princeton: Princeton University Press (1994)

  — In the Shadow of the Bomb: Bethe, Oppenheimer, and the Moral Responsibility of the Scientist, Princeton: Princeton University Press (2000)

  — Einstein and Oppenheimer: The Meaning of Genius, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press (2008)

  Schwinger, Julian, (ed.), Selected Papers on Quantum Electrodynamics, New York: Dover (1958)

  — ‘Quantum Electrodynamics – An Individual View’, Journal de Physique, Colloque C8, Supplement 12 (43), 409–23 (1982)

  — ‘Tomonaga Sin-Itiro: A Memorial – Two Shakers of Physics’, Lecture Notes in Physics, 746, 27–42 (2008)

  Seaborg, Glenn, Adventures in the Atomic Age: From Watts to Washington, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux (2001)

  Segrè, Emilio, Enrico Fermi: Physicist, Chicago: Chicago University Press (1972)

  — A Mind Always in Motion: The Autobiography of Emilio Segrè, Berkeley: University of California Press (1993)

  Serber, Robert, ‘Particle physics in the 1930s: A view from Berkeley’, in Brown and Hoddeson (1983), 206–21

  — The Los Alamos Primer. The First Lectures on How to Build an Atomic Bomb, Berkeley: University of California Press (1992)

  — Peace and War: Reminiscences of a Life on the Frontiers of Science, New York: Columbia University
Press (1998)

  Sherwin, Martin J., A World Destroyed: The Atomic Bomb and the Grand Alliance, New York: Vintage (1977)

  Shipman, Harry L., Black Holes, Quasars, & the Universe, Boston: Houghton Mifflin (1976)

  Sibley, Katherine A.S., Red Spies in America: Stolen secrets and the dawn of the Cold War, Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press (2004)

  Siegmund-Schultze, Reinhard, Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany: Individual Fates and Global Impact, Princeton: Princeton University Press (2009)

  Sime, Ruth Lewin, Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics, Berkeley: University of California Press (1996)

  Simmons, Marc, Two Southwesterners: Charles Lummis and Amado Chaves, Austin, Texas: San Marcos Press (1968)

  — The Little Lion of the Southwest: A life of Manuel Antonio Chaves, Chicago: The Swallow Press (1973)

  Simoni, Robert D., Hill, Robert L. and Vaughan, Martha, ‘Protein Chemistry and the Development of Allosterism: Jeffries Wyman’, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 277, No. 46, 76–8 (15 Nov. 2002)

  Smith, Alice Kimball, A Peril and a Hope: The Scientists’ Movement in America, 1945–47, Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1965)

  Smith, Alice Kimball and Weiner, Charles (eds) [S&W], Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and Recollections, Stanford: Stanford University Press (1980)

  Smith, G.S., D.S. Mirsky: A Russian-English Life 1890–1939, Oxford: Oxford University Press (2000)

  Smyth, Henry DeWolf, Atomic Energy for Military Purposes: The Office Report on the Development of the Atomic Bomb Under the Auspices of the United States Government, 1940–1945, Stanford: Stanford University Press (1989)

  Snow, C.P., The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1959)

  — The Physicists, London: Macmillan (1982)

  Sommerfeld, Arnold, Atombau und Spektrallinien, Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn (1919), translated as Atomic Structure and Spectral Lines, New York: Dutton (1923)

  Sopka, Katherine R., Quantum Physics in America 1920–1935, New York: Arno Press (1980)

  Sorin, Gerald, A Time for Building: The Third Migration 1880–1920, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press (1992)

  Stern, Philip M., The Oppenheimer Case: Security on Trial, London: Rupert Hart-Davis (1971)