Hard Choices

by Hillary Rodham Clinton

  92. After landing in Haiti only four days after the devastating earthquake in January 2010, I sit in a tent with Haitian Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive, Haitian President René Préval, U.S. Ambassador to Haiti Ken Merten, my Counselor and Chief of Staff Cheryl Mills, USAID Administrator Raj Shah, and Lieutenant General Ken Keen to discuss Haiti’s emergency response and recovery.

  93. Protesters greet me outside the airport in Port-au-Prince in January 2011, during Haiti’s contested elections a year after the earthquake. Haitians had suffered so much, and they deserved to have their votes counted and a peaceful transfer of power, which is what they finally got.

  94. Bill and I are surrounded by Haitian workers at the grand opening ceremony of the new Caracol industrial park in Haiti in October 2012. The Caracol project was the centerpiece of our efforts to restart Haiti’s economy, in keeping with a broader trend in our development work around the world of shifting our focus from aid to investment.

  95. Speaking about internet freedom at the Newseum in Washington in January 2010. I put nations such as China, Russia, and Iran on notice that the United States would promote and defend an internet where people’s rights are protected and that is open to innovation, interoperable all over the world, secure enough to hold people’s trust, and reliable enough to support their work.

  96. Nearly twenty years after my September 1995 speech in Beijing at the UN’s Fourth World Conference on Women, women’s rights remain “unfinished business” in the 21st century. As Secretary I focused on defending the freedoms enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and making them real in the lives of people all over the world.

  97. With Melanne Verveer after swearing her in as the first Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women’s Issues. Melanne helped me weave a “full participation agenda” into the fabric of American foreign policy.

  98. One of our first steps in advancing human rights was rejoining the UN Human Rights Council. I address the Council in Geneva, Switzerland, in December 2011, advocating for the rights of LGBT people around the world.

  99. In September 2012, I watch from 10,000 miles away in Timor-Leste as Bill delivers the speech that earned him the title “Secretary of Explaining Things” at the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina. There was no CNN and limited internet, but we managed to pull up the video on our Ambassador’s home computer.

  100. Deputy Secretaries Tom Nides (left) and Bill Burns and Under Secretary Pat Kennedy (right) join me as I say farewell to the amazing men and women of the State Department on my last day, February 1, 2013. I walked out the same entrance I had entered four years earlier, proud of all the work we had accomplished.

  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  * * *

  * * *

  The motto of the Clinton Foundation is “We’re all in this together.” It’s a simple statement of unity in a world full of division. As I’ve discovered, it’s also an apt description of what it takes to write a book. I’m indebted to everyone who helped me through four years at the State Department and more than a year of writing and editing. And the easiest choice I made was to ask Dan Schwerin, Ethan Gelber, and Ted Widmer to become my book team. I could not have been more fortunate as we labored day and night.

  Dan Schwerin started with me in the Senate and came to State as one of my speechwriters. He’s been my essential partner, toiling with me over phrases and pages, capturing my thoughts and helping me wrestle them into coherence. He’s not only a talented writer, but also a wonderful colleague. Ethan Gelber is the “indispensable man” who managed a sprawling writing and editing process, making sense of my scribbles, clarifying my memories, and keeping me sane as the drafts piled up. I never could have done it without him. Ted Widmer, an accomplished historian and valued collaborator, offered context and perspective and a much-needed dose of humor and humanity.

  Huma Abedin, Cheryl Mills, Philippe Reines, and Jake Sullivan, who gave so much to me and to our country during our years at the State Department, were essential advisors, inspirers, and willing fact-checkers throughout the process. I also relied on the assistance and counsel of Kurt Campbell, Lissa Muscatine, and Megan Rooney, who generously read drafts and offered advice.

  Thanks to Simon & Schuster, especially Chief Executive Officer Carolyn Reidy and my publisher and editor, Jonathan Karp. I’ve now done five books with Carolyn, and it was once again a delight. Jonathan, who provided the right combination of encouragement and criticism, has a well-deserved reputation as a caring and constructive editor. I also appreciate the entire team: Irene Kheradi, Jonathan Evans, Lisa Erwin, Pat Glynn, Gina DiMascia, Ffej Caplan, Inge Maas, Judith Hoover, Philip Bashe, Joy O’Meara, Jackie Seow, Laura Wyss, Nicholas Greene, Michael Selleck, Liz Perl, Gary Urda, Colin Shields, Paula Amendolara, Seth Russo, Lance Fitzgerald, Marie Florio, Christopher Lynch, David Hillman, Ellie Hirschhorn, Adrian Norman, Sue Fleming, Adam Rothberg, Jeff Wilson, Elina Vaysbeyn, Cary Goldstein, Julia Prosser, and Richard Rhorer.

  Once again, I’m grateful to the incomparable Bob Barnett, my attorney and guide through the publishing world, who was ably assisted by contract attorney Michael O’Connor.

  One of the best parts of writing this book was the chance to reconnect and reminisce with friends and colleagues. My thanks to everyone who shared memories, notes, and perspectives, including Caroline Adler, Dan Baer, Kris Balderston, De’Ara Balenger, Jeremy Bash, Dan Benaim, Dan Benjamin, Jarrett Blanc, Johnnie Carson, Sarah Davey, Alex Djerassi, Bob Einhorn, Dan Feldman, Jeff Feltman, David Hale, Amos Hochstein, Fred Hof, Sarah Hurwitz, Jim Kennedy, Caitlin Klevorick, Ben Kobren, Harold Koh, Dan Kurtz-Phelan, Capricia Marshall, Mike McFaul, Judith McHale, George Mitchell, Dick Morningstar, Carlos Pascual, Nirav Patel, John Podesta, Mike Posner, Ben Rhodes, Alec Ross, Dennis Ross, Frank Ruggiero, Heather Samuelson, Tom Shannon, Andrew Shapiro, Anne-Marie Slaughter, Todd Stern, Puneet Talwar, Tomicah Tilleman, Melanne Verveer, Matthew Walsh, and Ashley Woolheater. Also to Clarence Finney and his industrious archivists, and John Hackett, Chuck Daris, Alden Fahy, Behar Godani, Paul Hilburn, Chaniqua Nelson, and the careful reviewers at the State Department and the National Security Council.

  I was fortunate to serve alongside a committed senior team: Deputy Secretaries of State Bill Burns, Jack Lew, Tom Nides, and Jim Steinberg, Ambassador to the UN Susan Rice, USAID Administrator Raj Shah, Global AIDS Coordinator Eric Goosby, MCC CEO Daniel Yohannes, and OPIC President and CEO Elizabeth Littlefield.

  I will always have a special place in my heart for the entire “S Family,” pictured in photo 10, the dedicated Foreign Service officers and civil servants who take such great care of Secretaries, including Nima Abbaszadeh, Daniella Ballou-Aares, Courtney Beale, Christopher Bishop, Claire Coleman, Jen Davis, Linda Dewan, Sheila Dyson, Dan Fogarty, Lauren Jiloty, Brock Johnson, Neal Larkins, Joanne Laszczych, Laura Lucas, Joe Macmanus, Lori McLean, Bernadette Meehan, Lawrence Randolph, Maria Sand, Jeannemarie Smith, Zia Syed, Nora Toiv, and Alice Wells, as well as the Executive Secretariat and the incredible Line team.

  Thanks to the senior leadership of the State Department, USAID, PEPFAR, and MCC, including Dave Adams, Tom Adams, Elizabeth Bagley, Joyce Barr, Rick Barton, John Bass, Bob Blake, Eric Boswell, Esther Brimmer, Bill Brownfield, Susan Burk, Piper Campbell, Philip Carter, Maura Connelly, Michael Corbin, Tom Countryman, Heidi Crebo-Rediker, PJ Crowley, Lou CdeBaca, Ivo Daalder, Josh Daniel, Glyn Davies, Eileen Donahoe-Chamberlain, Jose Fernandez, Alonzo Fulgham, Phil Goldberg, David Goldwyn, Phil Gordon, Rose Gottemoeller, Marc Grossman, Michael Hammer, Lorraine Hariton, Judy Heumann, Christopher Hill, Bob Hormats, Rashad Hussain, Janice Jacobs, Roberta Jacobson, Bonnie Jenkins, Suzan Johnson Cook, Kerri-Ann Jones, Beth Jones, Paul Jones, Declan Kelly, Ian Kelly, Laura Kennedy, Pat Kennedy, Robert King, Reta Jo Lewis, Carmen Lomellin, Princeton Lyman, Dawn McCall, Ken Merten, Steve Mull, Toria Nuland, Maria Otero, Farah Pandith, Nancy Powell, Lois Quam, Stephen Rapp, Julissa Reynoso, Anne Richard, John Robinson, Miguel Rodriguez, Hannah Rosenthal, Eric Schwartz, Barba
ra Shailor, Wendy Sherman, Dan Smith, Tara Sonenshine, Don Steinberg, Karen Stewart, Ann Stock, Ellen Tauscher, Linda Thomas-Greenfield, Arturo Valenzuela, Rich Verma, Phil Verveer, Jake Walles, Pamela White, and Paul Wohlers.

  I want especially to single out the brave and dedicated Diplomatic Security officers who kept me and our people safe around the world. During my tenure, my DS teams were led by Fred Ketchum and Kurt Olsson.

  Throughout this journey, a committed band of tireless aides and advisors has supported the book and all the rest of my work while I raced to finish. Thanks to Monique Aiken, Brynne Craig, Katie Dowd, Oscar Flores, Monica Hanley, Jen Klein, Madhuri Kommareddi, Yerka Jo, Marisa McAuliffe, Terri McCullough, Nick Merrill, Patti Miller, Thomas Moran, Ann O’Leary, Maura Pally, Shilpa Pesaru, Robert Russo, Marina Santos, Lona Valmoro, and Rachel Vogelstein.

  Thanks again to President Obama for putting his trust in me and giving me the chance to represent our country, and to Vice President Biden and the National Security Council staff for their partnership.

  Finally, thanks, as always, to Bill and Chelsea for a year’s worth of patient listening and careful reading of draft after draft, helping me distill and explain four jam-packed years. Once again, they gave me the invaluable gifts of their support and love.

  HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON served as the U.S. Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 after nearly four decades in public service as an advocate, attorney, First Lady, and Senator. She is the author of several bestselling books, including her memoir Living History, and her groundbreaking work on children, It Takes a Village.

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  ALSO BY HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON

  It Takes a Village

  Dear Socks, Dear Buddy

  An Invitation to the White House

  Living History

  Visiting a recovery center for survivors of human trafficking in Siem Reap, Cambodia, in 2010.

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  INDEX

  * * *

  * * *

  Abbas, Mahmoud (Abu Mazen):

  as Arafat’s successor, 309, 472

  and cease-fire, 482–83

  Chris Stevens remembered by, 406

  and Gaza, 472, 474, 482–83

  and Goldstone Report, 318

  and Palestinian statehood, 311, 326, 328, 482–83

  and peace process, 301–2, 309–11, 312, 313, 316, 318–19, 322, 323–28

  and settlement construction, 316, 318, 319, 328

  and West Bank, 309–11, 322

  Abbaszadeh, Nima, 599

  Abdelfattah, Ragaei Said, 384

  Abdullah, Abdullah, 143, 144

  Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia, 314, 315, 334, 353–54, 453

  Abdullah II, King of Jordan, 323, 333, 350–51

  Abe, Shinzo, 571

  Abedin, Huma, 2, 11, 15, 49, 348–49, 354, 355, 597

  Abedin, Saleha, 354

  Aboul Gheit, Ahmed, 341–42, 344

  Acheson, Dean, 20–21, 31–32

  Acheson, Eldie, 20

  Action Group on Syria, 457–59

  Adams, Dave, 599

  Adams, Gerry, 224

  Adams, Henry, 13

  Adams, Tom, 599

  Adler, Caroline, 598

  Afghan High Peace Council, 168

  Afghanistan:

  and al Qaeda, 146, 148, 153, 175, 188, 461

  Bush Administration focus on, 43, 132, 137, 142

  Coalition forces in, 159, 199, 374

  COIN in, 138

  Constitution of, 151, 152, 153, 158, 167

  corruption in, 145, 149

  economic development in, 149, 155–56, 167

  ending war in, 150–51, 162, 164–67

  geography of, 130

  international conferences on, 153, 166

  international contact group in, 140

  and Iran, 140, 419, 422

  nation-building in, 138

  NATO forces in, 133, 140, 159, 198, 213, 422

  Northern Alliance in, 131, 154

  Northern Distribution Network, 237–39

  Pakistani border with, 131–32, 146, 155–56, 171, 198, 199, 233, 237

  Soviet withdrawal from (1989), 21, 131, 147, 178, 186, 233, 461, 537

  Special Operations in, 193

  supply lines to, 231, 233, 237–39, 243

  Taliban in, 130–32, 133, 138, 141, 143, 145, 148, 152, 153–55, 163–64, 175, 537

  terrorism in, 188–89, 418

  trade with Pakistan, 155–58

  training local soldiers in, 462, 463

  transition in, 45, 145, 147, 159, 166, 167

  troops coming home from, 148–49, 199, 237

  troop surges in, 129–30, 131–35, 138, 140, 147, 153, 159

  USAID in, 141

  U.S.–led invasion of, 131, 175

  U.S. security interests in, 137

  war in, 25, 73, 129, 142, 145, 147, 150–51, 156, 162, 164–67, 364

  women’s rights sought in, 152–53, 158, 562, 569

  Afghan National Security Forces, 132, 146, 166

  AFL-CIO, 517

  Af-Pak, 132; see also Afghanistan; Pakistan

  Africa, 269–99

  agriculture in, 278–79

  and China, 270–72, 276, 288

  conflict and chaos in, 279

  corruption in, 272, 276, 277, 281

  and democracy, 272, 273, 277

  economic growth in, 269–70

  HIV/AIDS in, 291–93, 295, 537

  natural resources in, 270–71

  and resource curse, 277, 522

  U.S. relationship with, 269–72, 277–78

  wildlife trafficking in, 467, 468, 469

  women’s work in, 568

  see also specific nations

  African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), 276

  African Union, 200, 271, 272, 296

  and Somalia, 287, 288, 289

  and South Sudan, 283

  surveillance drones of, 289

  Agha-Soltan, Neda, 548

  Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 419, 421, 422, 424, 428, 431, 441, 442, 580

  Aiken, Monique, 600

  Air Force One, 39, 592

  Ai Weiwei, 63

  Akihito, Emperor of Japan, 47

  Alaska:

  and global warming, 502, 503, 506

  purchase of, 14

  Albright, Madeleine, 31, 55, 63, 68, 104, 419, 560, 567

  Algeria, jobs in, 507–8, 516

  Ali, Nujood, 336

  Aliyev, Ilham, 240

  Al Jazeera, 318, 452, 475

  Alliance of Small Island States, 497

  Al-Nahyan, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed, 335

  Al-Nahyan, Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed (AbZ), 357, 358–59, 368, 373, 376

  al Qaeda, 340, 351, 386

  and Afghanistan, 146, 148, 153, 175, 188, 461

  counterterrorism against, 188–90

  drone strikes against, 183–84

  and Islamist extremists, 473

  kidnapping for ransom, 200

  in Pakistan, 138, 148, 164, 171, 183, 186–87

  and propaganda, 201

  and September 11 attacks, 132, 148, 163, 171, 172–74, 175, 183, 197

  and “Sunni Awakening,” 136

  and Syria, 450, 469

  and Taliban, 131, 151, 158, 163, 164

  U.S. embassies bombed (1998) by, 131, 171, 383, 406

  U.S. intelligence about, 199

  Al Shabaab, 175, 199, 278, 286–89, 290, 467

  al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 200

  Amado, Luís, 372

  Amendolara, Paula, 598

>   American Airlines, 516

  American Israel Public Affairs Committee, 320

  Americans with Disabilities Act, 560

  Amorim, Celso, 261, 431

  Amr, Mohamed, 477–78, 484, 486

  Angola, oil from, 276, 440

  Annan, Kofi, 447, 452, 454–59, 470

  Ansar al-Sharia, 395, 404

  APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation), 44, 112, 243

  Aquino, Benigno III, 60

  Arab Human Development Report, 332

  Arab-Israeli War (1948), 325

  Arab League, 314

  and Libya, 213, 357, 367–68, 370, 371, 376

  and Syria, 449–50, 452, 454

  Arab Peace Initiative (2002), 314, 315

  Arab Spring, 49, 121, 200, 227, 272, 331–62, 472, 475

  and Persian Gulf nations, 351–60

  protests in Egypt, 338, 339–46, 347–49, 355, 364, 386

  protests in Tunisia, 334, 337, 338, 355, 360, 364

  and transitions to democracy, 360–62

  U.S. policy debates in, 339, 360

  Arafat, Yasser, 303, 304, 309, 311, 312, 324, 338, 472, 482

  Arctic Circle:

  melting glaciers, 497, 501–3

  protection of, 503

  and Russia, 239, 503

  Arctic Council, 502–3

  Arias, Óscar, 266–67

  Aris, Michael, 103

  Armenia:

  and Azerbaijan, 219, 240

  independence of, 219

  and Turkey, 218–20

  ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), 44, 46, 52, 76, 78, 121

  U.S.–ASEAN Leaders Meeting, 113