Alexander the Great Failure
Page 35
12 Lund (1992), 96–8.
13 Plutarch, Pyrrhos 11.1.
14 Plutarch, Demetrios 44.3; IG 12.7.50b (Austin 219).
15 Shipley (2000), ch. 3.
16 See Grainger (1990a) for examples; the conclusions apply in interior Asia Minor, Iran and Baktria as well as Syria.
17 Shear (1978); but the consensus now is that the revolt took place in 287; cf. Osborne (1979), 181–94.
18 Polyainos 4.12.2; Plutarch, Demetrios 44 and Pyrrhos 11; Trogus, Prologue, 16; Justin 16.2.1–2; Pausanias 1.10.2.
19 Plutarch, Demetrios 45.1.
20 Seibert (1970), 337–51.
21 Shear (1978); Habicht (1997).
22 Plutarch, Pyrrhos 12.1.
23 Shear (1978); Plutarch, Pyrrhos 12.8.
24 Plutarch, Demetrios 46, perhaps equating Demetrios’ march with that of Mark Antony.
25 Plutarch, Demetrios 46–7.
26 Plutarch, Demetrios 47–9.
N O T E S T O PA G E S 1 5 7 – 1 6 6
213
Notes to Chapter 13: The last chance for the empire, 285–281 bc
1 Plutarch,
Pyrrhos 12.
2 Plutarch,
Pyrrhos 12.8
3 Antigonos’ strength is not clear, some thousands of soldiers and tens of ships at least; his problem, as Tarn (1913), 113, notes, was not so much manpower as the money needed to pay his troops.
4 Plutarch,
Pyrrhos 12.9–2; Justin 16.3.1–2; Pausanias 1.10.2.
5 Seibert (1967), 72–7.
6 Hazzard (1967), 140–58.
7 Appian,
Syrian Wars 63.
8 Burstein (1974); Lund (1992), 75, 88, 98.
9 Plutarch,
Demetrios 46; Justin 17.1.1–4; Trogus, Prologue 17; Strabo 13.4.1–2; Memnon, FGrH 434, F 5.6; Pausanias 1.10.3.
10 Robert (1959), 172–9.
11 Lund (1992), 181–98.
12 Memnon, FGrH 434, F 5.7; Justin 17.1.7; Pausanias 1.1.3.
13 Justin 17.1.6.
14 Justin 17.1.7.
15 Strabo 13.4.1 C 623; Pausanias 1.8.1; Memnon, FGrH 434, F 5.1.6.
16 Justin 17.1.1–4.
17 Plutarch, Demetrios 51.
18 Plutarch, Demetrios 52–53.
19 Holbl (2001), 27, dated this death to ‘winter of 283/282’; the coronation of Ptolemy II took place on 7 January 282: Holbl (2001), 35.
20 282 is only a possible date; Holbl (2001), 36, implies 282.
21 Polyainos 6.12.
22 Ibid, 4.9.4.
23 Keil (1902).
24 Pausanias 1.10.5.
25 Trogus, Prologue 17.
26 Memnon, FGrH 227a, 9–14.
27 Memnon, FGrH 226a, 14–22.
28 Justin 24.2.
29 Ibid; Memnon, FGrH 226b, 14–33.
30 Memnon, FGrH 226b, 1–14.
Notes to Chapter 14: New kings, and disaster, 281–277 bc
1 Memnon,
FGrH 226.6.1–14.
2 Memnon,
FGrH 434 F 8.4–6; Justin 24.1.8–2.1.
3 Justin
17.2.14.
4 Justin 17.2.15 and 24.1.8; Seibert (1967), 102; this was Pyrrhos’ fi fth marriage; the names of neither mother nor daughter are known.
214
N O T E S T O PA G E S 1 6 6 – 1 7 4
5 Justin
17.2.9–10.
6 Memnon,
FGrH 227a.4–6.
7 Trogus,
Prologue 24; Justin 24.2–5.
8 Justin 17.2.4–8 and 24.2.1–3.10; Justin’s inconsistencies are explained as differing stages of affairs at Kassandreia: Heinen (1972), 81–3; Walbank in Macedonia 3.247–8.
9 Trogus,
Prologue, 24.
10 OGIS 55 (Austin 270).
11 Justin 17.2.1.
12 Smith (1924), 150–9.
13 OGIS 219 (Austin 162).
14 H. Heinen, CAH (3) VII, 1, 415–16; Grainger (1990b), 196–7.
15 Polybius 2.4.1.
16 Justin 24.1.
17 Austin 259, I. Didyma 12.
18 Justin 25.1.1.
19 Justin 24.1.8.
20 Strabo 12.3.8; Allen (1983), 14.
21 Appian, Syrian Wars 63.
22 SVA 465; the league’s formation was apparently stimulated by the quarrel with Seleukos: Memnon, FGrH 226a.14–22.
23 Arrian 1.4.6; Strabo 310.
24 Justin 32.3.8.
25 Pliny, HN 31.53.
26 Pausanias 1.19.4.
27 Nachtergael (1977), 8, n. 7.
28 Pausanias 10.19.6–7.
29 Justin 24.4.6–11; Memnon, FGrH 434 F 8.8; Diodoros 22.3.
30 Eusebius, Chronographia 1.235; cf. Walbank in Macedonia 3, appendix 3.
31 The best attempt is by Nachtergael (1977).
32 Justin 24.5.12.
33 Justin 25.1.2.
34 Diodoros 22.51–52; Trogus, Prologue 25; Polyainos 2.29.1; Fuks (1974), 51–81.
35 Justin 24.6.1–4; Diodoros 22.9.1; Pausanias 10.23.11–14.
36 Appian, Illyrian Wars 3.
37 Trogus, Prologue 25; Justin 25.1–2; SIG 207.
38 Walbank in Macedonia 3.257.
39 Polyainos 4.6.18.
40 Polybius 4.46.
41 Memnon, FGrH 434 F 11.
42 SVA 469.
43 Livy 38.16.6–7.
44 Hatzopoulos (1996), vol. 2, has the evidence for the administration, but most come from the Antigonid period; of the few which are earlier, most are from cities such as Amphipolis, hardly a typical Macedonian place.
N O T E S T O PA G E S 1 7 5 – 1 8 7
215
Notes to Chapter 15: The new world, 277–272 bc
1 Launey (1944), 217–36.
2 Mitchell (1993), 13–20; also Grainger (1990b), 205; for the settlement of the Galatians in Kappadokia, see Moraux (1957), 56–75, and H. Heinen, CAH VII, 1, 423.
3 Worrle (1975) argues for 270 rather than 275 based on this one inscription. Bar-Kochva (1973), 1–8, concluded it was ‘shortly after April 272’.
4 Rice (1983), now dated 275 by Foertmeyer (1988), 90–104.
5 Sherwin-White and Kuhrt (1993), 147–61; the numbers of Babylonians recruited was, however, always small.
6 Holbl (2001), ch. 3.
7 Polybius 5.65–79; Bar-Kochva (1976), 128–41.
8 Strabo 11.13.1; Schottky (1989).
9 Diodoros 19.23.3 and 31.19.5; Sherwin-White and Kuhrt (1993), 15 and 192–4.
10 Smith (1924), 150–9 (Austin 141).
11 Sherwin-White and Kuhrt (1993), 29–30 and 76–7.
12 Holt (1999).
13 Heinen, CAH CII, I, 426.
14 Theokritos XVII.131; Pausanais 1.7.1; Memnon, FGrH 434, F 8.7; Seibert (1967), 81–5.
15 Sotades in Athenaios 14.621a–b, for example; Sotades was murdered for his verses.
16 Burstein (1982), 197–212.
17 Plutarch, Pyrrhos, 26.5–9; Pausanias 1.13.2; Justin 25.3.5; Diodoros 22.11.1.
18 Plutarch, Pyrrhos 26–34.
19 Grainger (1999); Scholten (2000).
20 Tarn (1913), 263–4 and 444–5, not been widely accepted; but Ptolemy had much to gain, Pyrrhos was an old associate of the Ptolemies, and Ptolemy was interested in reducing Antigonos’ power.
21 Vita Aratoi; Diogenes Laertius 7.1.8; Grainger (1990b), 207–8.
22 See note 3.
23 Pausanias 1.7.1–21; Polybius 2.28.1–2.
24 Pausanias 1.7.2; Callimachos 4.185–7; Laubscher (1987).
25 OGIS 798 (Austin 231); cf. Launey (1944).
26 Worrle (1975) (Austin 168).
27 Smith (1924), 150–9 (Austin 141).
Notes to World view III: 272 bc
1 Zonaras
8.6.13.
2 Livy
per. 14; Dionysios of Halicarnassus 20.14; Dio Cassius 10, frag. 4; Justin 18.2.9.
3 Diodoros 20.54.1; K. Meister, CAH VII, 1, 405.
4 Plutarch,
Pyrrhos 22–27.
5 Thapar (1997), 25–8.
6 Loewe and Shaughnessy (1999), 632–41.
216
N O T E S T O PA G E S 1 8 9 – 1 9 0
Notes to Conclusion
1 Cawkwell (2005) for the fi fth and fourth centuries bc.
2 Wheeler
(1968).
3 Smith (1924) (Austin 163): Babylonian suffering but no resentment.
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