Modernity Britain

by David Kynaston

  6. A.G.V. Simmonds, ‘Conservative Governments and the Housing Question’, PhD diss, University of Leeds, 1995, p 41; Chris Maume, ‘Sir Lawrie Barratt’, Independent, 21 December 2012; John Turner, ‘A Land Fit for Tories to Live In’, Contemporary European History (Jul 1995), p 201; Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 15 Dec 1958, col 892.

  7. New Statesman, 6 Nov 1958; Geoffrey Goodman, The Awkward Warrior (1979), pp 205–6; Crossman, p 726; Anthony Howard, Crossman (1990), p 214; Financial Times, 14 Nov 1958; Evening Standard, 21 Jan 1959; Crossman, p 726.

  8. Benn, pp 294–5; Universities and Left Review (Autumn 1958), p 66; Eric Hobsbawm, Interesting Times (2002), pp 212–14; Willmott, 3 Jan 1959, 29 Jan 1959.

  9. Joe Moran, On Roads (2009), p 20; The Times, 6 Dec 1958; Michael Bond, A Bear Called Paddington (Young Lions edn, 1971), p 9; The Times, 6 Apr 1998 (Dalya Alberge); Times Literary Supplement, 21 Nov 1958; Michael Bond, Bears & Forebears (1996), p 159; Bevis Hillier, John Betjeman: New Fame, New Love (2002), pp 605–11; New Statesman, 6 Dec 1958; Listener, 11 Dec 1958; Rupert Hart-Davis (ed), The Lyttelton Hart-Davis Letters: Volume Three (1981), p 176.

  10. New Statesman, 13 Dec 1958; New Musical Express, 19 Dec 1958; Spencer Leigh, ‘Tito Burns’, Independent, 17 Sep 2010; ‘John Koon’, Daily Telegraph, 12 Feb 1997; Heap, 18 Dec 1958; Spectator, 2 Jan 1959; TV Times, 26 Dec 1958; BBC WA, R9/7/38 – VR/59/6.

  11. News Chronicle, 17 Nov 1958; Financial Times, 24 Dec 1958; New Statesman, 3 Jan 1959 (Francis Williams); Financial Times, 1 Jan 1959; Economist, 3 Jan 1959; Gerold Krozewski, Money and the End of Empire (Basingstoke, 2001), p 150; Listener, 12 Feb 1959.

  12. For the fullest recent account of the Aluminium War, see Niall Ferguson, High Financier (2010), pp 183–99, though see also Tim Congdon’s review in Times Literary Supplement, 30 Jul 2010.

  13. David Kynaston, The City of London, Volume 4 (2001), pp 107–14.

  14. Larkin, Ms Eng. c.7419, 27 Dec 1958, fol 43; News of the World, 4 Jan 1959; Sunday Express, 4 Jan 1959; Jim Laker, Over To Me (1960), p 53.

  11 Morbid Sentimentality

  1. The Times, 3 Jan 1959, 7 Jan 1959; Sunday Express, 4 Jan 1959; Heap, 6 Jan 1959; ‘Edwin Brock’, The Times, 26 Sep 1997; Anthony Thwaite, ‘Edwin Brock’, Independent, 10 Sep 1997; Larkin, Ms Eng. c. 7419, 12 Jan 1959, fol 51; The Times, 13 Jan 1959; D. R. Thorpe, Supermac (2010), p 424; Spectator, 24 May 1963; The Times, 16 Jan 1959.

  2. New Yorker, 7 Mar 1959; Birmingham Post, 25 Feb 1959; Michael Frostick and Mark Pottle, ‘Michael Hawthorn’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, vol 25 (Oxford, 2004), p 977; Preston, 23 Jan 1959; Haines, 29–30 Jan 1959; Radio Times, 23 Jan 1959; Guardian Weekend, 17 Aug 2002 (Gary Younge); Colin Prescod, ‘Carnival’, in Marika Sherwood (ed), Claudia Jones (1999), pp 151–8.

  3. Spectator, 6 Feb 1959; Daily Mirror, 6 Feb 1959; New Statesman, 7 Feb 1959; Benn, p 298; Macmillan, dep.d.34, 6 Feb 1959, fol 76; Brian McHugh, ‘The Saturday after Buddy Holly Died’, Guardian, 8 Jan 2011; BBC WA, R9/7/38 – VR/59/68.

  4. Vogue (Feb 1959), p 98; David Hendy, ‘Bad Language and BBC Radio Four in the 1960s and 1970s’, Twentieth Century British History, 17/1 (2006), p 76; Spectator, 30 Jan 1959; New Statesman, 31 Jan 1959; John Hill, Sex, Class and Realism (1986), p 191; Paddy Whannel, ‘Room at the Top’, Universities and Left Review (Spring 1959), p 24; Dave Russell, Looking North (Manchester, 2004), pp 184–5; Birmingham Mail, 27 Feb 1959.

  5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dictn9w0Ave; Dave Rolinson, ‘“If They Want Culture, They Pay”’, in Ian MacKillop and Neil Sinyard (eds), British Cinema of the 1950s (Manchester, 2003), p 91; Vincent Porter, ‘The Hegemonic Turn’, Journal of Popular British Cinema (2001), p 91; Hill, Sex, pp 192–3; Heap, 26 Mar 1959; Dennis Barker, ‘Peter Rogers’, Guardian, 16 Apr 2009.

  6. Alan Strachan, ‘Willis Hall’, Independent, 12 Mar 2005; Dennis Barker, ‘Willis Hall’, Guardian, 12 Mar 2005; Spectator, 16 Jan 1959; Birmingham Mail, 8 Jan 1959; Michael Billington, The Life and Work of Harold Pinter (1996), p 106; Birmingham Mail, 13 Jan 1959; Birmingham Post, 13 Jan 1959; Stuart Laing, Representations of Working-Class Life, 1957–1964 (Basingstoke, 1986), p 106; Spectator, 27 Feb 1959.

  7. News Chronicle, 11 Feb 1959; Heap, 10 Feb 1959; News Chronicle, 11 Feb 1959, 13–14 Feb 1959; Sunday Times, 15 Feb 1959; Observer, 15 Feb 1959; Sunday Express, 15 Feb 1959; News Chronicle, 16 Feb 1959, 19 Feb 1959; New Statesman, 21 Feb 1959, 28 Feb 1959; Graham Payn and Sheridan Morley (eds), The Noël Coward Diaries (1982), p 408.

  8. TV Times, 12 Sep 1958; Leonard Miall, ‘Sydney Newman’, Independent, 4 Nov 1997; Spectator, 27 Mar 1959; Derrik Mercer (ed), 20th Century Day by Day (Dorling Kindersley edn, 1999), p 1,144; ‘The Army Game’ (TV Heaven fact sheet); BBC WA, R9/7/38 – VR/59/52; Richard Webber, Fifty Years of Hancock’s Half Hour (2004), p 267; Geoff Phillips, Memories of Tyne Tees Television (Durham City, 1998), pp 116–17; Dave Nicholson, Bobby Thompson (1996 edn), pp 19–20, 27–8, 43, 109–10, 118–19, 130–31, 139–40.

  9. BBC WA, R9/7/39 – VR/59/145; Listener, 19 Mar 1959; Radio Times, 27 Feb 1959; New Statesman, 21 Mar 1959; Punch, 11 Feb 1959, 18 Mar 1959; Leo McKinstry, Jack & Bobby (2002), pp 159–60; Oxford Mail, 6 Mar 1959.

  10. Neath Guardian, 27 Feb 1959; Cy Young, ‘The Rise and Fall of the News Theatres’, Journal of British Cinema and Television, 2/2 (2005), p 238; Holbeck Working Men’s Club Centenary Brochure (Leeds Central Library, Local Studies, PLH69 (367)); Romford Times, 4 Mar 1959; Oxford Mail, 9 Mar 1959; Turtle, 11 Mar 1959; Scunthorpe and Frodingham Star, 13 Mar 1959; Wikipedia, ‘Eurovision Song Contest 1959’.

  11. TV Times, 6 Mar 1959; Larkin, Ms Eng. c. 7419, 15 Mar 1959, fols 93–4; Herts Advertiser, 20 Mar 1959; The Times, 26 Aug 2003 (Roger de Mercado); Martin, 20 Mar 1959; Daily Mirror, 23 Mar 1959.

  12. New Yorker, 4 Apr 1959; Crossman, p 742; Steven Fielding, ‘Activists Against “Affluence”’, Journal of British Studies (Apr 2001), p 251; Socialist Commentary (Mar 1959), pp 15–17; New Statesman, 21 Mar 1959 (Francis Williams); Woman, 14 Mar 1959.

  13. Woman’s Mirror, 3 Apr 1959, 10 Apr 1959, 17 Apr 1959, 24 Apr 1959, 1 May 1959; Abrams, Box 54, Industrial Welfare Society, ‘What I Expect from Work’, May 1959.

  14. Observer, 22 Mar 1959; http://garydexter.blogspot.com, 7 Oct 2009; Wikipedia, ‘Ernö Goldfinger’; Hampstead & Highgate Express, 14 Nov 1958; Architects’ Journal, 12 Mar 1959; Nigel Warburton, Ernö Goldfinger (2004), p 142.

  15. Architects’ Journal, 12 Mar 1959; East London Advertiser, 19 Dec 1958; Paul Barker, ‘London Witness’, Prospect (Apr 2005), p 44; The Times, 10 Apr 1959; David Kynaston, The City of London, Volume 4 (2001), pp 131–2; New Yorker, 4 Apr 1959.

  16. Independent, 21 Feb 1990 (James Dunnett); Vogue (Feb 1959), pp 100–101; ‘David Pearce’, The Times, 17 Oct 2001; Architects’ Journal, 22 Jan 1959; New Yorker, 4 Apr 1959.

  17. Birmingham Mail, 25 Feb 1959, 5 Mar 1959; Anthony Sutcliffe and Roger Smith, Birmingham, 1939–1970 (1974), p 445; Birmingham Mail, 26–7 Feb 1959, 5 Mar 1959, 27 Feb 1959, 5 Mar 1959, 19 Feb 1959, 25 Feb 1959; David Harvey, Birmingham Past and Present: The City Centre: Volume 2 (Kettering, 2003), p 69; Radio Times, 20 Feb 1959; Who Cares? (‘Never Had It So Good’ evening, BBC Parliament, 10 Oct 2009).

  18. Radio Times, 30 Jan 1959; Listener, 12 Feb 1959 (K. W. Gransden); BBC WA, R9/7/38 – VR/59/77; Miles Glendinning and Stefan Muthesius, Tower Block (1994), pp 220–24; Times Literary Supplement, 4 Sep 1959; T. Brennan, Reshaping a City (Glasgow, 1959), p 200; Alec Cairncross, Living with the Century (1998), pp 178–9.

  19. Liverpool Echo, 14 Nov 1958, 24 Nov 1958; Benn, pp 299–300.

  20. Architectural Review (Jan 1959), pp 71–2; Benwell Community Project, Final Report Series no 4, ‘Slums on the Drawing Board’ (Newcastle upon Tyne, 1978), pp 8–10; Proceedings of the Council of the City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne for 1958–1959 (Newcastle upon Tyne, 1959), pp 743–9; Architects’ Journal, 23 Apr 1959; Clare Hartwell, Manchester (2001), pp 35–6, 240–41, 189–90; Manchester Evening News, 28 Nov 1958;
Salford City Reporter, 3 Apr 1959, 10 Apr 1959.

  21. Derbyshire Times, 30 Jan 1959, 6 Feb 1959; Oxford Mail, 5 Mar 1959; Wigan Examiner, 20 Mar 1959.

  22. Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects (Dec 1958), p 48; Architects’ Journal, 6 Nov 1958; David Watkin, ‘Quinlan Terry’, Standpoint (Jul 2008), p 81; Listener, 12 Feb 1959; Kenneth Powell, ‘Geoffrey Powell’, Independent, 7 Feb 2000; Architects’ Journal, 19 Mar 1959; Encounter (Feb 1959), pp 54–6.

  23. N. Tiratsoo, Reconstruction, Affluence and Labour Politics (1990), pp 86, 97; Birmingham Mail, 16 Feb 1959; Socialist Commentary (Apr 1959), pp 12–14; Spectator, 1 May 1959.

  24. St John, 30 Mar 1959; Guardian, 10 Dec 2011 (Albert Beale); Architects’ Journal, 9 Apr 1959; Simon Gunn and Rachel Bell, Middle Classes (2002), p 111; New Statesman, 4 Apr 1959; Ayr Advertiser, 2 Apr 1959.

  25. Last, 4 Apr 1959; Radio Times, 27 Mar 1959; Listener, 9 Apr 1959; Anthony Thwaite (ed), Selected Letters of Philip Larkin, 1940–1985 (1992), p 301; Joanna Moorhead, New Generations (Cambridge, 1996), p 23.

  26. Macmillan, dep.d.35, 7 Apr 1959, fol 71; Heap, 7 Apr 1959; Financial Times, 8 Apr 1959; The Times, 8 Apr 1959; Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 8 Apr 1959, cols 233–4; Crossman, pp 744–5; Macmillan, dep.d.35, 9 Apr 1959, fol 72.

  27. Peter Willmott and Michael Young, Family and Class in a London Suburb (1960), pp 1, 13–14, 112–13, 117–22; Hansard, House of Lords Debates, 8 Apr 1959, col 490; Woman’s Mirror, 3 Apr 1959; Weekly News, 4 Apr 1959, 18 Apr 1959.

  28. ‘Russ Conway’, The Times, 17 Nov 2000; Spencer Leigh, ‘Russ Conway’, Independent, 18 Nov 2000; Pete Frame, The Restless Generation (2007), p 309; Daily Mirror, 28 Mar 1959; New Musical Express, 24 Apr 1959; Derby Evening Telegraph, 20 Apr 1959; Frame, Restless, p 373; Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 22 Apr 1959, cols 381–2; Derby Evening Telegraph, 23–4 Apr 1959, 27 Apr 1959; New Musical Express, 1 May 1959; Frame, Restless, pp 360–61.

  29. Heap, 26 Apr 1959; Gyles Brandreth, Something Sensational to Read in the Train (2009), p 4; Accrington Observer, 21 Apr 1959, 2 May 1959; Haines, 30 Apr 1959; South London Press, 5 May 1959; Hants and Berks Gazette, 8 May 1959; Last, 1 May 1959; Crossman, Ms 154/8/24, 6 May 1959, fol 1304; The Times, 4 May 1959.

  30. Raynham, 4 May 1959; Crossman, Ms 154/8/24, 6 May 1959, fols 1304–5; The Times, 4 May 1959; Neath Guardian, 8 May 1959; Aldershot News, 8 May 1959.

  31. Sunday Express, 3 May 1959; Radio Times, 24 Apr 1959; TV Times, 24 Apr 1959; The Times, 4 May 1959; Crossman, Ms 154/8/24, 6 May 1959, fol 1,305; Nottingham Evening News, 4–5 May 1959. In general on Forest’s triumph, see Gary Imlach, My Father and Other Working-Class Football Heroes (2005), pp 110–34, 224–31.

  12 A Merry Song of Spring

  1. Daily Sketch, 5 May 1959; Peter Willmott and Michael Young, Family and Class in a London Suburb (1960), p 113; Haines, 5 May 1959; Tom Courtenay, Dear Tom (2000), pp 196–8; John Heilpern, John Osborne (2006), p 252; Graham Payn and Sheridan Morley (eds), The Noël Coward Diaries (1982), p 409; Larkin, p 249; New Yorker, 20 Jun 1959; Michael Billington, State of the Nation (2007), p 122.

  2. New Statesman, 6 Oct 1956; Labour Party Archives (People’s History Museum, Manchester), ‘Study Group on Education Minutes and Papers: 27 Mar 1957–8 Jan 1958’; Guy Ortolano, ‘Two Cultures, One University’, Albion (Spring 2003), pp 607–9; C. P. Snow, The Two Cultures (Cambridge University Press pbk edn, 1969), pp 11, 14, 36–7, 50.

  3. Economist, 16 May 1959; Russell Davies (ed), The Kenneth Williams Diaries (1993), p 150; Lawrence Black, ‘“Sheep May Safely Gaze”’, in Lawrence Black et al, Consensus or Coercion? (Cheltenham, 2001), p 37; Daily Mirror, 5 May 1959; The Times, 2 May 1959; Daily Express, 10 Jun 1959; Punch, 13 May 1959; Robert Ross, The Complete Frankie Howerd (Richmond, 2001), p 166; Graham McCann, Frankie Howerd (2004), p 164; Courtenay, Dear Tom, pp 198–9.

  4. The Times, 8 May 1959, 11 May 1959; Richard Bradford, The Life of a Long-Distance Writer (2008), p 169; Kensington News and West London Times, 22 May 1959; Jerry White, ‘Evening All’, Times Literary Supplement, 13 Nov 2009; Observer, 24 May 1959. See also: Mark Olden, Murder in Notting Hill (Alresford, 2011).

  5. Observer, 24 May 1959; The Times, 25 May 1959; Mike Phillips and Trevor Phillips, Windrush (1998), pp 184–5; Kensington News and West London Times, 12 Jun 1959; Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, ‘50 Years of Race’, Independent, 11 May 2000; Anthony Sutcliffe and Roger Smith, Birmingham 1939–1970 (1974), pp 375–6; Birmingham Mail, 16 May 1959.

  6. Stephen Wagg, The Football World (Brighton, 1984), pp 90–91; Aldershot News, 29 May 1959; The Times, 25 May 1959; New Statesman, 6 Jun 1959; Langford, 31 May 1959; David Clutterbuck and Marion Devine, Clore (1987), pp 81-3; Punch, 10 Jun 1959; E. P. Thompson ‘The New Left’, New Reasoner, Summer 1959, p 16; Observer, 31 May 1959.

  7. Listener, 21 May 1959; John Hill, Sex, Class and Realism (1986), p 196; Peter Stead, Film and the Working Class (1989), pp 188–9; Guardian, 26 Sep 2008 (John Pidgeon); John Hill, ‘Television and Pop’, in John Corner (ed), Popular Television in Britain (1991), pp 101–3; Radio Times, 29 May 1959; Star (Sheffield), 1 Jun 1959; Daily Sketch, 29 May 1959; Daily Mirror, 29–30 May 1959, 2–3 Jun 1959.

  8. John Hudson, Wakes Week (Stroud, 1992), pp 65–6; Aubrey Jones, Britain’s Economy (Cambridge, 1985), p 80; New Statesman, 13 Jun 1959; Martin, 19 Jun 1959, 24 Jun 1959; Patricia Greene et al, The Book of The Archers (1994), p 227; Rupert Hart-Davis, The Lyttelton Hart-Davis Letters: Volume Four (1982), p 78; Heap, 9 Jun 1959; Macmillan, dep.d.36, 13 Jun 1959, fol 8; Daily Mirror, 18 Jun 1959; Paul Bailey, ‘Hokum Writ Large’, Times Literary Supplement, 5 Mar 2004; Richard Roberts, ‘Regulatory Responses to the Rise of the Market for Corporate Control in Britain in the 1950s’, Business History (Jan 1992), pp 193–4; The Times, 25 Jun 1959; R. A. Leeson, Strike (1973), p 189.

  9. Gordon Bowker, Through the Dark Labyrinth (1996), p 274; Daily Express, 9 Jun 1959; Crossman, pp 764, 759; Macmillan, dep.d.36, 25 Jun 1959, fol 32; Geoffrey Goodman, The Awkward Warrior (1979), pp 217, 219–21.

  10. Arnold Wesker, Roots (Harmondsworth, 1959), p 16; Heap, 30 Jun 1959; Spectator, 10 Jul 1959; Willmott, 15 Jul 1959; Paul Leslie Long, ‘The Aesthetics of Class in Post-War Britain’, PhD diss, University of Warwick, 2001, pp 205–6; Noël Coward Diaries, p 412.

  11. The Times, 7 Jul 1959; Architects’ Journal, 4 Jun 1959; Graeme Shankland, ‘Barbican and the Elephant’, Architectural Design (Oct 1959), p 416; Architects’ Journal, 17 Sep 1959, 27 Aug 1959; Maxwell Hutchinson, ‘Back in the High Life Again’, Independent, 23 Feb 1994; Architects’ Journal, 13 Aug 1959; Nigel Warburton, Ernö Goldfinger (2004), p 147; East London Advertiser, 4 Sep 1959; Architectural Review (Apr 1962), p 236.

  12. Elain Harwood, ‘White Light/White Heat’, Twentieth Century Architecture (2002), p 61; Guardian, 26 Aug 1959; Birmingham Mail, 19 Aug 1959; Andrew Motion, Philip Larkin (1993), pp 293–4; Larkin, p 252.

  13. Candida Lycett Green (ed), John Betjeman, Coming Home (1997), p 333; East London Advertiser, 19 Jun 1959; Observer, 14 Jun 1959; Architects’ Journal, 21 May 1959; Rodney Gordon, ‘Modern Architecture for the Masses’, Twentieth Century Architecture (2002), pp 73–4; Nikolaus Pevsner, ‘Roehampton LCC Housing and the Picturesque Tradition’, Architectural Review (Jul 1959), pp 21–35.

  14. Shrewsbury Chronicle, 11 Sep 1959; Hampstead & Highgate Record, 28 Aug 1959; Hampstead & Highgate Express, 4 Sep 1959, 18 Sep 1959, 25 Sep 1959.

  15. Manchester Guardian, 17 Jun 1959; New Statesman, 8 Aug 1959; Sheffield Telegraph, 9 Jun 1959; Birmingham Post, 20 May 1959.

  13 We’re All Reaching Up

  1. Last, 3 Jul 1959; Tim McDonald, ‘Cliff Adams’, Guardian, 1 Nov 2001; Last, 7 Jul 1959, 10 Jul 1959; Frances Partridge, Everything to Lose (1985), p 332; BBC WA, R9/41 – VR/59/428, T16/439/1.

  2. Geoffrey Goodman, The Awkward Warrior (1979), p 224; Brian Brivati, Hugh Gaitskell (1996), pp 320–21; George Cyriax and Robert Oakeshott, The Bargainers (1960), p 129; Courier and Advertiser, 4 Jul 1959; Oxford Mail, 21 Jul
1959, 12 Aug 1959; Alan Thornett, From Militancy to Marxism (1987), p 26; News Chronicle, 7 Sep 1959; Peter Stead, ‘A Paradoxical Turning Point’, in Sheila Rowbotham and Huw Beynon (eds), Looking at Class (2001), p 48; Alexander Walker, Peter Sellers (1981), pp 87–9, 92; Geoffrey Macnab, ‘Strikes . . . Camera, Action’, Independent, 17 Sep 2010; Tony Shaw, British Cinema and the Cold War (2001), p 160; Daily Mirror, 14 Aug 1959; Shaw, British Cinema, p 159; D. R. Thorpe, Supermac (2010), pp 441, 767.

  3. Macmillan, dep.d.36, 30 Jul 1959, fol 103, 5–6 Aug 1959, fols 112–14; Nigel Nicolson (ed), Harold Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, Volume III (1968), p 369; New Yorker, 29 Aug 1959.

  4. Ben Pimlott, Hugh Dalton (1985), pp 630–31; Grimsby Evening Telegraph, 22 Aug 1959; Crossman, pp 769–70; New Statesman, 27 Mar 1998 (Peter Hennessy); Richard Hoggart and Raymond Williams, ‘Working Class Attitudes’, New Left Review (Jan–Feb 1960), pp 28–30.

  5. Hague, Box 2 (green notebook), Bridlington diary, 1–3 Aug 1959; Glasgow Herald, 4 Aug 1959; Hague, Box 2 (green notebook), Bridlington diary, 8 Aug 1959; Pete Frame, The Restless Generation (2007), p 399; Chris Bryant, Glenda Jackson (1999), pp 39–40; Frame, Restless, p 429; Evening Sentinel (Stoke), 7 Sep 1959; Trina Beckett, ‘Our Beach Hut on the South Coast’, Guardian, 26 Nov 2011.