by Edwin Black
49. Letter, Francis Galton to Charles B. Davenport, 6 April, 1897: APS: B-D27 Galton, Sir Francis. Letter, Francis Galton to Charles B. Davenport, 5 May, 1897: APS: B-D27 Galton, Sir Francis.
50. Francis Janet Hassencahl, “Harry H. Laughlin, “Expert Eugenics Agent” for the House Committee on Inunigration and Naturalization” (ph. D. diss., Case Western Reserve University, 1970), p. 53. Letter, Francis Galton to Charles B. Davenport, 20 October, 1899: APS: B-D27 Galton, Sir Francis. Letter, Francis Galton to Charles B. Davenport, 19 November, 1903: APS: B-D27 Galton, Sir Francis.
51. See State Laws Limiting Marriage Selection, Eugenics Record Office (Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor, 1913), pp. 31-36. Also see Charles B. Davenport, Race Crossing In Jamaica, (Washington: Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1929). Charles B. Davenport, “Heredity and Race Eugenics,” p. 10: APS: B-027.
52. Charles B. Davenport, Heredity in Relation to Eugenics (New York: Amo Press & The New York Times, 1972), pp. 213, 214, 218.
53. Stoddard, p. 165.
54. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Professor V.L. Kellogg, 30 October 1912: APS: B-D27-Kellogg, Professor V:L.
55. Margaret Sanger, Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography, (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1938; reprinted by Dover Publications, Inc., 1971) p. 374.
56. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Franklin Hooper, 21 April 1902: APS B-D27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence #3.
57. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to the Trustees of the Carnegie Institution, 5 May 1902: APS BD27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence #3.
58. Charles B. Davenport, “A Summary of Progress in Experimental Evolution,” p. 5: APS B-D27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence #2. Letter, Franklin Hooper to Charles B. Davenport, 23 May 1902: APS BD27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence #3.
59. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Henry Osborn, 30 May 1902: APS B-D27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence #3. Letter, Henry Osborn to Charles B. Davenport, 25 July 1902: APS B-D27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence #3. Letter, Franklin Hooper to Charles Wolcott, 24 July 1902: APS B-D27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence #3.
60. Davenport to Osborn, 30 May 1902.
61. Osborn to Davenport, 25 July, 1902. Davenport, “A Summary of Progress,” pp. 4-5.
62. MacDowell, pp. 19-21. Letter, Francis Galton to Charles B. Davenport, 28 September 1902: APS: B-D27 Galton, Sir Francis. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Trustees of the Carnegie Institution, 5 March 1903 : APS BD27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence #3.
63. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to John S. Billings, 3 May 1903: APS B-D27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence # 1. Davenport, “A Summary of Progress,” pp. 13-14.
64. Letter, Charles Davenport to Madison Grant, 3 May 1920: APS B-D27 Grant, Madison #3. See Stoddard, pp. xxix-xxxi, 306-308.
65. Davenport to Billings, 3 May 1903.
66. Davenport to Billings, 3 May 1903.
67. Davenport to Billings, 3 May 1903. MacDowell, p. 19.
68. W. M. Hays, The American Breeders Association to its Parent, The Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, Greetings (circa 1910): Truman. American Breeders’ Association, “Minutes,” First Annual Meeting, 1903, p. 1-2: APS.
69. John H. Noyes, Essay on Scientific Propagation, (Oneida, NY: Oneida Community, 1872), section 2, section 15.
70. Author’s interview with National Weather Service, 1 October 2002. American Breeders’ Association, “Minutes of First Annual Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri,” p. 4: ABA. American Breeders’ Association, “Constitution and By-Laws of the American Breeders’ Association”: ABA. American Breeders’ Association, “Committees and Their Specific Duties,” Annual Report, American Breeders’ Association, vol. II (1906), p. 11.
71. Charles B. Davenport, secretary, “Report of Committee on Eugenics,” American Breeders Association (Washington D.C.: American Breeders Association, 1911) vol. VI, pp. 92, 93, 94.
72. Willet M. Hays, “Constructive Eugenics,” The American Breeders Magazine, Vol. ill, No.1 (1912).
73. MacDowell, p. 24. Letter, John Billings to Charles Walcott, 23 December 1903: APS BD27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence #1. Biography of Andrew Sledd, President of the University of Florida at www.president.ufl.edu. History of Northwestern University Library at www.library.northwestern.edu.
74. Billings to Walcott 23 December, 1903. Letter, Charles Davenport to John Billings, 6 February 1904: APS BD27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence #2.
75. Billings to Walcott 23 December, 1903. Biography of John Shaw Billings at www.arlingtoncemetery.com.
CHAPTER FOUR
1. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to John S. Billings, 6 February 1904: APS: Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence # 1. E. Carleton MacDowell, “Charles Benedict Davenport, 1866-1944. A Study of Conflicting Influences,” BIOS vol. XVII, no. 1, p. 24.
2. MacDowell, p. 24. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Announcement of Station for Experimental Evolution (Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1905), pp. 2-3: CSH: CIW Administrative Files: Dept. of Genetics-Biological Laboratory Plans for Unified Operation.
3. Announcement of Station, p. 4.
4. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Francis Galton, 27 October 1905: APS. Letter, Francis Galton to Charles B. Davenport, 21 November 1905: APS: BD27Galton, Sir Francis.
5. Charles B. Davenport, “Annual Reports of the Station for Experimental Evolution,” Carnegie Institution Year Book, (1908) no. 7, p. 90. MacDowell, p. 26.
6. Charles B. Davenport, secretary, “Report of Committee on Eugenics,” American Breeders’ Association Annual Report (1911) vol VI, pp. 92-94. See also Bleecker Van Wagenen, chairman, Preliminary Report of the Committee of the Eugenic Section of the American Breeders' Association to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means for Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the Human Population: ABA.
7. Letter, Alexander Graham Bell to Charles B. Davenport, 15 April 1909: APS B:D27-Alexander Graham Bell #4. Letter, Alexander Graham Bell to Charles B. Davenport, 14 May 1909 APS B:D27 — Alexander Graham Bell #4. Davenport, “Annual Reports of the Station for Experimental Evolution,” p. 87.
8. Charles B. Davenport, Heredity In Relation To Eugenics (New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1911; reprint, New York: Amo Press Inc., 1972), p. 260. Harry Laughlin, secretary, Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population (Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor, 1914), p. 16.
9. McDowell, pp. 25-26.
10. Davenport, Heredity in Relation to Eugenics, p. 271. Davenport, “Report of Committee on Eugenics,” pp. 91, 92.
11. Davenport, “Report of Committee on Eugenics” (1906), pp. 92-93.
12. McDowell, p. 29.
13. Maury Klein, The Life and Legend of E.H. Harriman, (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000), p. 118, 152, 182-183,184,218-219,357. Letter, William Loeb to C. Hart Merriam, 28 May 1907: APS.
14. Klein, pp. 6, 440-441.
15. “Death of Mrs. Rumsey,” Eugenical News, vol. XIX (1934), p. 106. McDowell, p. 29. Klein, p. 299.
16. Klein, p. 8. McDowell, p. 29.
17. McDowell, p. 29.
18. Eugenics Record Office, Official Record of the Gift of the Eugenics Record Office, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York by Mrs. E.H. Harriman to the Carnegie Institution of Washington and of its Acceptance by the Institution (Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Eugenics Record Office, 1918), pp. 19,21: CSH.
19. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Mrs. E.H. Harriman, 23 May 1910: APS B:D27 Harriman, Mrs. E #1.
20. Davenport to Harriman, 23 May 1910.
21. See Davenport to Harriman, 23 May 1910.
22. Davenport to Harriman, 23 May 1910. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Mrs. E.H. Harriman, 10 October, 1910: APS B:D27 APS B:D27 Harriman, Mrs. E #1.
23. Davenport to Harriman,
23 May 1910.
24. Davenport to Harriman, 23 May 1910.
25. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Mrs. E.H. Harriman, 20July, 1920: APS B:D27 APS B:D27 Harriman, Mrs. E#1.
26. See O.M. Means, Kirksville, Missouri: Its Business and its Beauties as seen through the Camera Oournal Print Co, 1900) p. 1-2, 16; see Wallin Directory Company, Kirksville City Directory, (Quincy, Illinois: Hoffman Printing Co., 1899), p.l.
27. P. o. Selby, History of the First Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) of Kirksville, Missouri (1964): Truman E-I-I :IO. P. O. Selby, One Hundred Twenty-Three Biographies of Deceased Faculty Members (Northeast Missouri State Teachers College, 1963), pp. 47-48.
28. Selby, History of the First Christian. Interviews with Mrs. Harold McClure, as cited by Frances Janet Hassencahl, “Harry H. Laughlin, ‘Expert Eugenics Agent’ for the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, 1921 to 1931.” (Ph. D. diss., Case Western Reserve University, 1970), pp. 45-46. Mark H. Laughlin, A Reverie: or One Day in a Woman s Life (Honolulu, HI, n.d.), p. 18-19: Truman E-1-1:10
29. Laughlin, A Reverie: or One Day in a Womans Life. Charles B. Davenport, “Harry Hamilton Laughlin 1880-1943,” Eugenical News Vol. XXVIII (1943), p. 43. Hassencahl, pp. 42-43. Private Papers of Mrs. George Laughlin as cited by Hassencahl, pp. 45. Interview with Mrs. McClure, as cited by Hassencahl, p. 45.
30. Laughlin papers as cited by Hassencahl, pp. 49-50.
31. Interview with Mark Laughlin, cited by Hassencahl, pp. 50-51.
32. Harry H. Laughlin, unpublished manuscript, “World Government: The Structure and Functioning of a Feasible Civil Government of the Earth”: Truman B-S-I :IO. Harry H. Laughlin, unpublished manuscript, “Chapter II: Text: The Proposed World Constitution”: Truman B-S-2B:7. Harry H. Laughlin, unpublished manuscript, “The Principles of Nation-Rating”: Truman B-S-I:6. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to H.G. Wells, 19 February 1921: Truman B-S-4B:12.
33. Letter, Hamilton Fish Armstrong to Harry H. Laughlin, 11 June 1941: Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, Embajada De Colombia to Harry H. Laughlin: 4 June 1941, Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, H.R. Waddell to Harry H. Laughlin, 24 June 1941: Truman C-4-S:9. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Ida J. Dacus, 29 May 1941: Truman C-4-S:9. Letter, William Allan to Harry H. Laughlin, 26June 1941: Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, Mrs. Anthony Conrad Eiser to Harry H. Laughlin, 30July 1941: Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, Andres Pastoriza to Harry H. Laughlin, 5 June 1941: Truman C-4-S:9. Letter, Paul Popenoe to Harry H. Laughlin, 9 June 1941: Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, Vema B. Grimm to Harry H. Laughlin, 9 June 1941: Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, G. Burke to Harry H. Laughlin, 10 June 1941: Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, W. E. Rendell to Harry H. Laughlin, 5 June 1941: Truman C-4-5:7. Letter, Francisco Castillo Najera to Harry H. Laughlin, 6 June, 1941: Truman C-4-5:7. Letter, Luis Fernandez to Harry H. Laughlin, 10 June 1941: Truman C-4-5 : 7. Letter, Arturo Lares to Harry H. Laughlin, 4 June 1941: Truman C-4-5:7. Letter, Secretary to Mr. Fosdick to Harry H. Laughlin, 12 June 1941: Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, S. Shepard Jones to Harry H. Laughlin, 12 June 1941: Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, Henry Allen Moe to Harry H. Laughlin, 20 September 1932: Truman C-2-2: II; see also “Conquest by Immigration (Sent to the following)”: Truman C-4-3:1.
34. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Madison Grant, 16 January 1928: Truman C-2-S:11. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Dr. Domingo F. Ramos, 23 September 1927: Truman C-2-5:11. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Madison Grant, 26 January 1928: Truman C-2-5:11. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Charles B. Davenport, 7 April 1928: Truman C-2-5:11. Letter, G.L.B. to Mr. Carr, 19 January 1928: State Department 59.250.22.33.7 box 6484. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg, 23 March 1928: State Department 59.250.22.11.2 box 5502. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to President Calvin Coolidge, 28 December 1927: State Department 59.250.22.33.7 box 6484. Letter, Husband to Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg, 7 April 1928: State Deparonent 59.250.22.11.2 box 5502. Letter, Carr to Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg, 13 April 1928: State Deparonent 59.250.22.11.2 box 5502. Letter, Carr to Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg, 12 April 1928: State Deparonent 59.250.22.11.2 box 5502. Letter, Carr to Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg, 18 April 1928: State Deparonent 59.250.22.11.2 box 5502. Letter, W.H. Williams to Harry H. Laughlin, 8 June 1921 : Truman E-2-5:5. Letter, Acting Secretary of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to Harry H. Laughlin, 28 October 1919: Truman E-2-5:18.
35. Laughlin papers, cited by Hassencahl, p. 50.
36. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Charles B. Davenport, 17 May 1907: CSH Laughlin Correspondence. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Charles B. Davenport, 30 May, 1907: CSH Laughlin Correspondence.
37. Hassencahl, p. 54.
38. Davenport to Harriman, 20July 1910. Davenport to Harriman, 10 October 1910.
39. Davenport to Harriman, 10 October 1910.
40. Harry H. Laughlin, secretary, Bulletin No. 10B: The Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Prattical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population (Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor, 1914), p. 145: CSH. HarryH. Laughlin, secretary, Bulletin No. 10A: The Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population (Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor, 1914), pp. 46-47,58: CSH.
41. Davenport to Harriman, 20]uly, 1910. Harry H. Laughlin, “Report On The Organization and the First Eight Months’ Work of the Eugenics Record Office,” American Breeders Magazine, no. 2, vol. II (1911).
42. Laughlin, “Report On The Organization and the First Eight Months’ Work of the Eugenics Record Office."
43. Report on the Organization and the First Eight Months’ Work of the ERO, by Laughlin, ABA reprint No. 2 Vol II, 1911 pp. 1-2.
44. Laughlin, “Report On The Organization and the First Eight Months’ Work of the Eugenics Record Office.”
45. Laughlin, “Report On The Organization and the First Eight Months’ Work of the Eugenics Record Office.” Carnegie Institution of Washington, Year Book No. 10 (Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1912), p. 80. See The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6rh ed., s.v. “Huntington’s disease.”
46. Laughlin, “Report On The Organization and the First Eight Months’ Work of the Eugenics Record Office.” Eugenics Record Office, Report for Six Months Ending March 31,1911, CSH, p. 1. Historical Overview: Development of Public Responsibility for the Mentally Ill in Massachusetts (article on-line: accessed 19 September 2002); available from www.1856.org. See Charles B. Davenport and David Weeks, A First Study of Inheritance in Epilepsy: Eugenics Record Office Bulletin No. 4 (Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1911), p. 5: CSH.
47. Davenport and Weeks, p. 2. Eugenics Records Office, “Method for Studying the Hereditary History of Patients as used at the New Jersey State Village for Epileptics, New Jersey State Village for Epileptics Schedules and Forms,” circa 1911, p. 6: APS ERO Series I.
48. “Method for Studying the Hereditary History of Patients as used at the New Jersey State Village for Epileptics,” pp. 2, 8.
49. Davenport, Heredity In Relation To Eugenics, pp. 257-258. See Van Wagenen, p. 4. Also see Paul Popenoe and Roswell Hill Johnson, Applied Eugenics, rev. ed. (New York: Macmillan Company, 1935) pp. 396-397 as compared to Frederick Osborn, Preface to Eugenics (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1940) p. 14. Also see J. David Smith, Minds Made Feeble: The Myth and Legacy of the Kallikaks (Rockville, MD: Aspen Systems Corporation, 1985) pp. 21-36, 83-114.
50. Davenport and Weeks, pp. 2, 19,29-30. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Mrs. E. H. Harriman, 18 December 1911: APS B:D27 — Harriman, Mrs. E.H. #3.
51. Davenport and Weeks, pp. 9-10.
52. Davenport and Weeks, p. 1.
53. Davenport and Weeks, p. 30.
54. Laughlin, “Report On The Organization and the First Eight Months’ Work of the Eugenics Record Office,” pp. 109-110.
55. Laughlin, “Report On The Organization and the First Eight Months’ Work of the Eugenics Record Office,” p. 110. Also see Albert Edward Wiggam and Stephen
S. Visher, “Needed: Faculty Family Allowances,” Eugenics, Vol. III, No. 12 (December 1930), pp. 445-446. Also see discussion, “The Faculty Birth Rate: Should It Be Increased?,” Eugenics, Vol. III, No. 12 (December 1930), pp. 458-460.
56. Official Record of the Gift of the Eugenics Record Office, pp. 3,21. Letter, David Starr Jordan to Mrs. E.H. Harriman, 22 July, 1910: APS B:D 27 — Harriman, Mrs. E. #1. Origins of Cold Spring Harbor. Letter, Alexander Graham Bell to Charles B. Davenport, 9 March 1915: APS B:D27 Alexander Graham Bell #7. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Dr. William H. Welch, 1 March 1915: APS B:D27 Alexander Graham Bell #7. “A County Survey,” Eugenical News Vol. I (1916), p. 24.
57. Van Wagenen, p. 2. Laughlin, Bulletin No.10A, p. 5.
58. Laughlin, Bulletin No. 10A, pp. 5, 6, 12, 17. Dr. Lucien Howe, “Presidential Address of the Eugenics Research Association: The Control of Law of Hereditary Blindness,” Eugenical News, July 1928, p. 6. See Letter from Lucien Howe to Dr. Best, 4 October 1927: APS Series V.
59. Laughlin, Bulletin No. 10A, pp. 7, 8.
60. Laughlin, Bulletin No. 10A, pp. 15-16. Davenport, Heredity In Relation To Eugenics, p. 221.
61. Laughlin, Bulletin No. 10A, p. 15. Van Wagenen, p. 5.
62. Laughlin, Bulletin No. 10A, p. 15. Davenport, Heredity In Relation To Eugenics, pp. 221-222.
63. Laughlin, Bulletin No. 10A, p. 15.
64. Laughlin, Bulletin No. 10A, pp. 8,9.
65. Laughlin, Bulletin No. 10B, p. 74, 75. Also see Edwin Black, The Transfer Agreement, (Washington, D.C.: Dialog Press, 1999) pp. 4, 26.
66. Laughlin, Bulletin No. 10B, pp. 74, 75.
67. Laughlin, Bulletin No. 10A, pp. 45-47, 53-56. Davenport, Heredity In Relation To Eugenics, p. 259. Van Wagenen, p. 7. Also see The Human Betterment Foundation, Human Sterilization (Pasadena: The Human Betterment Foundation, 1929). Also see Popenoe, pp. 150-151. Also see E.S. Gosney and Paul Popenoe, Sterilization for Human Betterment (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1929), pp. xv, 21, 31.
