by Edwin Black
66. “Hitler and Race Pride,” Eugenical News Vol. XVII (1932), pp. 60-61.
67. Radiogram to Alan Gregg, 13 May 1932: RF 1.1 Ser 7171 Box 10 Folder 63. Gerald Jonas, The Circuit Riders (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1989), p. 111.
68. “Eugenics in the service of public welfare: Report of the proceedings of a committee convened by the Prussian State Health Council on 2 July 1932,” Veröffentlichungen aus dem Gebiete der Medizinalverwaltung Vol. XXXVIII, part 5, p. 98 as cited by Müller-Hill, p. 30. R.B. Goldschmidt, Im Wandel das Bleibende: Mein Lebensweg (Hamburg and Berlin, 1963), p. 264 as cited by Müller-Hill, p. 30.
69. A Decade of Progress in Eugenics: Scientific Papers of the Third International Congress of Eugenics (Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1934), pp. i, xi, 17. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Eugen Fischer, 28 January 1932: APSB:D27.
70. K. Holler, “The Nordic Movement in Germany,” Eugenical News Vol. XVII (1932), pp. 117,119.
71. Edwin Black, The Transfer Agreement (Washington: Dialog Press, 1999), p. 3. William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1960), p. 173. See Shirer, pp. 159, 172.
72. Black, The Transfer Agreement, p. 3. Shirer, pp. 4-5.
73. The Newseum, “Holocaust: The Untold Story,” at www.newseum.org. Generally see Deborah E. Lipstadt, Beyond Belief (New York: The Free Press, 1986). Generally see Black, The Transfer Agreement.
74. Shirer, pp. 196,430.
75. Black, The Transfer Agreement, pp. 177-185. See “German Sterilization Progress,” Eugenical News, Vol. XIX (1934), p. 38. See “Sterilization in Germany,” Eugenical News, Vol. XX (1935), p. 13. See “Applied Eugenics in Germany,” Eugenical News, Vol. XX (1935), p. 100.
76. Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews (New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1961), p. 45. Shirer, pp. 201-202, 221-224. “Jewish Refugees from Germany,” Eugenical News Vol. XIX (1934), p. 44. Yad Vashem: The Holocaust Martyr’s and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority, “March 22: Dachau camp established,” Chronology of the Holocaust 1933-1936 at www.yad-vashem.org.il. Also see Black, The Transfer Agreement, pp. 177-179.
77. “Eugenical Sterilization In Germany,” Eugenical News Vol. XVIII (1933), pp. 91-93. Weber, p. 251.
78. “Eugenical Sterilization In Germany,” p. 91. “Human Sterilization in Germany and the United States,” Journal of the American Medical Association Vol. 102 No. 18, p. 1501.
79. “Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 103 No. 13 (August 1935), p. 1051. Proctor, p. 103.
80. C.P. Blacker, “Eugenics in Germany,” 8 August 1933, pp. 4,5: WeUcome Box 112.
81. “The New Format,” Eugenical News Vol. XVII (1932), p. 16. “Eugenical Sterilization In Germany,” pp. 89, 91-93.
82. “Eugenical Sterilization In Germany,” p. 90.
83. “Eugenical Sterilization In Germany,” p. 90.
84. Ernst Rüdin, “Eugenic Sterilization: An Urgent Need,” Birth Control Review, April 1933, pp. 102, 103-104.
85. “Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 101 No. 11 (Sept. 9,1933), pp. 866-867.
86. “Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 100 No. 23 June 10, 1933), p. 1877.
87. “Race-Culture in Germany,” Eugenical News Vol. XVIII (1933), p. 111.
88. Haushaltsplan der Kaiser Wilhelm Instituts für Anthropologie, (1933): R 36, Akte 1366 Deutscher Gemeindetag. Weindling, Health, Race and German Politics Between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945, p. 315. Proctor, p. 40.
89. Letter, H. J. Müller to Robert A. Lambert, 7 June 1933: RF RG 1.1 Ser 717 Box 10 Folder 64.
90. Müller to Lambert, 7 June 1933.
91. Müller to Lambert, 7 June 1933.
92. Weindling, “From Philanthropy to International Science Policy,” p. 132.
93. W.W. Peter, “Germany’s Sterilization Program,” American Journal of Public Health, No. 3 Vol. 24 (March 1934)
94. “German Children Face Sterilization,” New York Times, 5 January 1934: Truman C-2-7:3. “Berlin: From our Regular Correspondent,” Journal of the American Medical Association Vol. 103 No. 13 (Sept 1935), p. 1051. Proctor p. 106.
95. “The Eleventh Federation Meeting,” Eugenical News Vol. XIX (1934), p. 107. Lipstadt, pp. 13-15.
96. “Nazis Insist Reich Be ‘Race-Minded,’” New York Times, 7 January 1934: Truman C-2-7:3. “Question of Admitting GermanRefugees Under Bond Studied by Labor Department,” New York Times, 20 January 1934: Truman C-2-7:3. “Catholics Exempt on Sterilization,” New York Times, 31 December 1933: Truman C-2-7:2. “German Children Face Sterilization.” “Jewish Immigrants Aided,” undated article: Truman C-2-7:3. “11,060 Loans Made to Jews on Farms,” New York Times, undated: Truman C-2-7:3.
97. “Nazis Insist Reich Be ‘Race-Minded.’” Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Madison Grant, 13 January 1934: Truman D-2-5:5.
98. Wilhelm Frick, “German Population and Race Politics,” Eugenical News Vol. XIX (1934), pp. 33-38. “A French View,” Eugenical News Vol. XIX (1934), p. 39. “Eugenics in Germany,” Eugenical News Vol. XIX (1934), pp. 40-41. “Jewish Refugees from Germany,” p. 44.
99. “Notes,” Eugenical News, Vol. XIX (1934), p. 60.
100. Carl Hammesfahr, “The Mother of Nations,” in “Eugenical Propaganda in Germany,” Eugenical News, Vol. XIX (1934), p. 45.
101. Masthead, Eugenical News, Vol. XVIII (1933), p. 14. Masthead, Eugenical News, Vol. XIX (1934), p. 16. Masthead, Eugenical News, Vol. XX (1935), p. 98.
102. “A Letter from Dr. Ploetz,” Eugenical News, Vol. XIX (1934), p. 129. “Jewish Physicians in Berlin,” Eugenical News, Vol. XIX (1934), p. 126.
103. Letter, Thomas B. Appleget to George K. Strode, 23 February 1938: R 1.1 717 9 56. Letter, Bruce Bliven to the Rockefeller Foundation, 20 December 1933: RF 1.1 717 9 56. Letter, Benson Y. Landis to the Rockefeller Foundation, 20 February 1934: RF 1.1 717 9 56. Letter, Walther Spielmeyer to D.P. O’Brien, 4 November 1933: RF 1.1 717 9 46.
104. Letter, Thomas B. Appleget to Bruce Bliven, 10 January 1934: RF 1.1. 717 9 56. Letter, Thomas B. Appleget to Bruce Bliven, 31 January 1934: RF 1.1 717 9 56.
105. Landis to the Rockefeller Foundation, 20 February 1934.
106. Landis to the Rockefeller Foundation, 20 February 1934. Letter, Thomas B. Appleget to Raymond Fosdick, 7 February 1934: RF 1.1 717 9 56.
107. Appleget to Strode, 23 February 1934. Memorandum, 13 March 1934: RF 1.1 717 9 56. Letter, George K Strode to Thomas B. Appleget, 6 March 1934: RF 1.1 717 9 56.
108. Memorandum from D.P. O’Brien to Alan Gregg, 12 December 1934: RF 1.1 717956. Memorandum from D.P. O’Brien to Alan Gregg, 27 November 1934: RF l.l 717956. Letter, Walther Spielmeyer to Alan Gregg, 22 October 1934: RF 1.1 717 9 56.
109. Memorandum, 28 August 1934: RF 1.1 717 13 123. Weindling, “From Philanthropy to International Science Policy,” p. 133.
110. “Archiv Fuer Rassen- Und Gesellschatfs-Biologie,” Eugenical News, Vol. XXI (1926), p. 184. Kristie Macrakis, Surviving the Swastika, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 114.
111. J. W. Schotte, “To L.H. La Motte: Confidential Report on Our Dealings with War Ministries of Europe,” circa spring 1940, p. I: NA RG 60. Also see Black, IBM and the Holocaust, Chapter VIII.
112. Memorandum, W.O. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, 10 January 1934: IBM Files. Also see Black, IBM and the Holocaust, pp. 81-84.
113. Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstätte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft m.b.H in Berlin-Lichterfelde, January 8 1934, pp. 39-40: USHMM Library. Also see Black, IBM and the Holocaust, p. 82.
114. Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstätte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft m.b.H in Berlin-Lichterfelde, January 8 1934, pp. 39-40. Also see Black, IBM and the Holocaust, p. 82.
115. Memorandum, Jones to Watson, 10 January 193
4. Letter, Thomas J. Watson to Willy Heidinger, 26 February 1934: IBM Files. Also see Black, IBM and the Holocaust, pp. 85-86.
116. Edgar Schultze, “Die verfeinerte Auswertung statistischer Zusammenhänge mit Hilfe des Hollerith-Lochkartenverfahrens,” Hollerith Nachrichten 40 (August 1934), pp. 505-517. Also see Black, IBM and the Holocaust, p. 92.
117. Hermann Krüger, “Das Hollerith-Lochkarten-Verfahren im Führsorgewesen,” Hollerith Nachrichten 47 (March 1935), pp. 615, 618. Also see Black, IBM and the Holocaust, pp. 94-95. Hollerith Nachrichten 45 January 1935), p. 588. Also see Black, IBM and the Holocaust, p. 95.
118. Friedrich Zahn, “Fortbildung der deutschen Bevölkerungsstatistik durch erbbiologische Bestandsaufnahmen,” Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv 27 (1937/38), pp. 194-195. Also see Black, IBM and the Holocaust, p. 96.
119. Hilberg, pp. 46-47.
120. Black, IBM and the Holocaust, pp. 109-111.
121. Hilberg, pp. 46, 48.
122. Generally see Black, IBM and the Holocaust.
123. "Reich Adopts Swastika As Nation’s Flag; Hitler’s Reply To ‘Insult,'" New York Times, 16 September 1935.
124. Harry H. Laughlin, “Jewish Studies: Outline of a Plan for the Determination of Jewish Racial Quota-Fulfillments Among Both Institutional and College Jews in the United States,” memorandum circa 1924: Truman C-2-4:5.
125. Stefan Kühl, Die Internationale der Rassisten: Aufstieg und Niedergang der internationalen Bewegung für Eugenik und Rassenhygiene im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert (Frankfurt/Main: Campus, 1997), p. 138. Letter, Dr. E. Rodenwaldt to Carl Schneider, II December 1935: B-1523/5 UH.
126. Letter, Carl Schneider to Dr. Gampp, 10 June 1936: B-1523/6 Universitatarchiv Heidelberg. Letter, Carl Schneider to Harry H. Laughlin, 16 May 1936: Truman E-I-3:8. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Carl Schneider, 11 August 1936: Truman E-I-3:8.
127. Proctor, pp. 188-191. Lifton, pp. 64-66, 71- 75.
128. Shirer, pp. 322-357,428-455. Eugen Kogon, Theory and Practice of Hell (New York: Berkley Books, 1980), pp. 48-49. Lipstadt, pp. 121-125, 143.
129. Letter, Waldemar Kaempffert to Eugenical News, 15 October 1935: Truman D-2-3:5. Letter, J. H. Landman to Harry H. Laughlin, 13 September 1935: Truman D-2-3:5. Letter, Walter Landauer to Charles B. Davenport, 29 February 1936.
130. See “Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 106 (Nov 1936), p. 1582. See “Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 113 No. 24 (Nov 1939), p. 2163. See “Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 112 No. 19 (ApriI 1939), p. 1981.
131. Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, “The Raymond Blaine Fosdick Papers,” at libweb.princeton.edu. Weindling, “From Philanthropy to International Science Policy,” pp. 133, 134, 135. Macrakis, p. 114. Letter, Hans Bauer to Kaiser Wilhelm-Institut Für Biologie, 18 August 1935: BDA I. Abt., Rep IA, Nr. 1052/6 (Foreign and International Affairs). Letter, Fritz von Wettstein to the Generalverwaltung der Kaiser Wilhelm-Gesellschaftzur Förderung der Wissenschaften, 10 June 1936: BDA I. Abt., Rep IA, Nr.1054/2 (Foreign and International Affairs). Letter, G. Gottschewski to Herr Reichs-und Preussischen Minister Für Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung: BDA I. Abt., Rep IA, Nr. 1054/2 (Foreign and International Affairs). Fritz von Wettstein, “An das Reichsministerium Für Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung,” 27 July 1938: BDA I. Abt., Rep 1A, Nr. 1061/3 (Foreign and International Affairs).
132. Letter, Raymond Fosdick to Selskar M. Gunn, 6 June 1939: RF 1.1 717 16 150.
133. “U.S. Eugenist Hails Nazi Racial Policy,” New York Times, 29 August 1935: Truman D-2-3:5. See Letter, Kaempffert to Eugenical News, 15 October 1935. See Letter, Landman to Laughlin, 13 September 1935.
134. “U.S. Eugenist Hails Nazi Racial Policy.” “The German Racial Policy,” Eugenical News Vol. XXI (1936), p. 25.
135. C.M. Goethe, “Patriotism and Racial Standards,” Eugenical News Vol. XXI (1936), pp. 65-66.
136. Marie E. Kopp, “Sterilization” in American Eugenics: Being the Proceedings at the Annual Meeting and Round Table Conferences of the American Eugenics Society (New York) 7 May 1936, pp. 56, 57, 61, 64. Kopp, “The German Program of Marriage Promotion through State Loan,” Eugenical News Vol. XXI (1936), pp. 121-129.
137. Kopp, “Sterilization,” p. 65.
138. Harry H. Laughlin, “Eugenics In Germany: Motion Picture Showing How Germany is Presenting and Attacking Her Problems in Applied Eugenics,” Eugenical News, Vol. XXII (1937), pp. 65-66. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Wickliffe Draper, 9 December 1938: Truman D-2-3:14. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Wickliffe Draper, 15 March 1937: Truman D-2-3:14. Zeil und Weg Vol. 7 (1937), No. 14, p. 361. See Martin S. Pernick, The Black Stork: Eugenics and the Death of “Defective” Babies in American Medicine and Motion Pictures Since 1915 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 164-166.
139. Laughlin, p. 66. Pernick, p. 165.
140. Shirer, pp. 430-434. Martin Gilbert, The Holocaust (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985), pp. 69-70. Weindling, Health, Race and German Politics Between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945, pp. 502-503. Generally see Proctor. Generally see Lifton.
141. Weindling, Health, Race and German Politics Between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945, p. 515. Proctor, pp. 112-114. Zentralarchiv der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Potsdam: Reichsinnenministerium 10160, Film 23063 as cited by Müller-Hill, p. 34.
142. Müller-Hill, pp. 137-139, 164. Tage U.H. Ellinger, “On the Breeding of Aryans,” Journal of Heredity Vol. XXXIII (April 1942), p. 141. Mary Mills, “Propaganda and Children during the Hitler Years,” at www.nizkor.org. Pernick, p. 165. Proctor, pp. 196-197.
143. Müller-Hili, p. 13.
144. Henry Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi Genocide (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of Carolina Press, 1995), pp. 21-22, 81.
145. Stephen Trombley, The Right to Reproduce: A History of Coercive Sterilization (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988), p. 116. Nancy L. Gallagher, Breeding Better Vermonters (Hanover, NH: University of New England Press, 1999), p. 140.
146. Lifton, pp. 62-79. Proctor, pp. 188-194. Müller-Hill, p. 15.
147. Lothrop Stoddard, Into the Darkness (Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 2000), p. 187.
148. Stoddard, pp. 187-188.
149. Stoddard, p. 189.
150. Stoddard, p. 201, 205.
151. Stoddard, p. xi, 192, 196.
152. Lifton, p. 31.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
1. Brig. Gen. Eric F. Wood, “Inspection of German Concentration Camp for Political Prisoners Located at Buchenwald on the North Edge of Weimar,” report of 16 April 1945: PRO FO 371 151185. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, US. v. Josias Prince Zu Waldeck et. al., Case No. 000-50-9, p. 4220: NA RG 496/451. Direct examination of Rous, U.S. v. Josias Prince Zu Waldeck et. al., p. 1626.
2. Direct examination of Horn, US. v. Josias Prince Zu Waldeck et. al., pp. 896-897, 1624-1626, 1627, 1639, 1640, 1642. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, U.S. v. Josias Prince Zu Waldeck et. al., p. 4366. Testimony of Karl Hemrick Victor Berthold, 17 January 1947, p. 16: NA RG 496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #444. Physical measurements of defendants: NA RG 496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #442. Wood, p. 2. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp. 4216-4217.
3. Eugen Kogon, The Theory and Practice of Hell (New York: Berkley Books, 1980), p. 210. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp. 4224-4225,4243-4245,4261-4262,4291. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp. 4344,4383. Testimony of Berthold, pp. 16-17. Statement of Walter Hummelsheim, p. 2: NA RG 496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #444
4. Direct examination of Rous, pp. 1625 -162 7. Cross-examination of Rous, U.S. v. Josias Prince Zu Waldeck et. al., pp. 1640-1643. See Wood, p. 2.
5. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp. 4241, 4295, 4300. Re-direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, U.S. v. Josias Prince Zu Waldeck et. al., p. 4386. Wood, p. 2. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p. 4366.
See photograph of Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen: NA RG 496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #434. Direct examination of Siebeneichler, U.S. v. Josias Prince Zu Waldeck et. al., pp. 2320-2321. Direct examination of Challe, U.S. v. Josias Prince Zu Waldeck et. al., pp. 438-439. Statement of Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen, U.S. v. Josias Prince Zu Waldeck et. al., p. 440 I. Memorandum, Leon Alexander to A.H. Rosenfeld, Jr., 28 January 1947: NA RG 496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #444. Statement, Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen to the 7708 War Crime Group, 13 April 1948: NA RG 496/457. “Buchenwald Doctor Lists Atrocities,” Stars and Stripes, 15 May 1947: NA RG 496/290/59/14/1-5 Box 445.
6. Ben A. Smith, “Review of the War Crimes Section, Military Affairs Branch, Judge Advocate Division, Headquarters, European Command, ATO 403, U.S. Army,” Report of 31 July 1950, pp. 1,2,6: NA RG 496/290/59/14/5- 7 Box #457. “The Guilty,” Life Magazine, 25 August 1947. Sentences, U.S. v. Josias Prince Zu Waldeck et. al., p. 5713. Letter, “Owner of a copy of Bourgemeister Madonna” to Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen, 31 August 1947: NA RG 496/457. Letter, Evelyn Kranz to “Edwin Katzenellenbogen,” 15 August 1947: NARG 496/457. Letter, Olga Pilat to the High Military Court at Dachau, 20 September 1947: NA RG 496/457. Letter, Mieczyslaw Lurczynski to Board of Review, 20 April 1948: NA RG 496/457. Signed testimonial of A. Simonart, 15 March 1950: NA RG 496/457.
7. Letter, W. R. Graham to Board of Review, 5 April 1950: NA RG496/457. 7. Eugenics Research Association, Active Membership Accession List (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Eugenics Research Association, 1922): Truman, ERA Membership Records. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp. 4198-4199.
8. American Men of Science. (New York: Bowker, 1910 edition), s.v. “Katzen-ElIenbogen.” Letter, Graham to Board of Review, 5 April 1950. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, “Record of Marriage,” 30 March 1939: NA RG 496/457. Direct testimony of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp. 4193-4194. The Jewish Encyclopedia, s.v. “Katzenellenbogen. “
9. H. Hoefle, “Medical Report on Katzenellenbogen, Edwin,” 30 January 1950, p. 2: NA RG 496/457. American Men of Science. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp. 4194-4197. “Record of Marriage.” Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, “Edward Peter Pierce: A Memorial,” at www.massreports.com. Sworn deposition of “Dr. Edwin Marie Katzen-Ellenbogen”: NA RG 496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #435.
