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1411 on account of
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1412 celestial
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1413 horrible, frightful, terrific
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1414 conflagration, burning
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1415 final damnation
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1416 unbreakable
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1417 (1) punishing, (2) severe
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1418 detestable, abominable
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1419 army, band, gang, mob
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1420 abyss
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1421 brought to nought, shamed
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1422 sentence, judgment (punishment)
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1423 kept, retained, preserved
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1424 (1) full of active evil, (2) full of pain and suffering
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1425 attested to, were evidence of
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1426 hardened to evil, unyielding
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1427 power of vision
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1428 disastrous, dreadful, calamitous
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1429 barren
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1430 (1) desolate, (2) fantastic
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1431 reveal, show
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1432 presses forward
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1433 never used up
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1434 lot, destiny, fate
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1435 rolling, tumbling
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1436 Beèlzebub
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1437 blessèd, fortunate
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1438 countless numbers
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1439 covenant
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1440 strife
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1441 [five syllables, second and fourth accented]
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1442 hostile
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1443 uncertain, undetermined
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1444 cultivation
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1445 to petition, beg
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1446 favor, pardon, mercy
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1447 humbly petitioning, bent
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1448 because of
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1449 fear
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1450 recently
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1451 feared for
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1452 heavenly, pure fire
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1453 care for/prediction of the future
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1454 raised, moved forward
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1455 boasting, bragging
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1456 comrade, of equal rank
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1457 sixth of the nine angelic orders
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1458 first of the nine angelic orders
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1459 guidance, leadership
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1460 eternal, everlasting
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1461 test, trial
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1462 regret
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1463 entities, beings
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1464 unconquerable
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1465 perforce, of necessity
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1466 whole
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1467 permit, allow
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1468 strengthen
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1469 satisfy
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1470 slaves, bondsmen
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1471 anything
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1472 always
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1473 interfere with, interrupt
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1474 purposes, directions
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1475 intended, designed
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1476 discharge
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1477 caused to subside, laid to rest
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1478 billows, waves
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1479 waste
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1480 satiated, glutted
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1481 bluish leaden-colored
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1482 direct our course, move toward
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1483 lodge, take shelter, be contained
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1484 mortified, troubled
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1485 attack, hurt, damage
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1486 companion, associate
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1487 water
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1488 rod = 5 / yards
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1489 Titans: Briareos, in the next line, is one
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1490 giants: Typhon, in the next line, is one
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1491 biblical city in Cilicia (Asia Minor), north of Cyprus
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1492 had
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1493 (1) sea monster often analogized and linked to Satan, (2) whale
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1494 perhaps, by chance
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1495 foaming water, the sea
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1496 “foundered” can mean “sunk” here, it may mean “stuck, mired”
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1497 concluding, considering, thinking that it (i.e., Leviathan)
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1498 skin, outer surface
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1499 on the sheltered side, the side away from the wind
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1500 covers, clothes
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1501 lifted, raised
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1502 discomfiture, ruin, perplexity
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1503 immediately, at once
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1504 spread out
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1505 lying his weight upon
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1506 descends, settles
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1507 so, the like
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1508 form, appearance
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1509 Sicilian promontory, near Mount Etna (an active volcano, then and now)
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1510 (1) vaporized, (2) transmuted
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1511 lowland
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1512 wrapped, enfolded
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1513 infernal, hellish
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1514 (1) literally, the River Styx, but metaphorically death, (2) by analogy, this particular burning lake
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1515 still being
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1516 consent, toleration
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1517 heavenly
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1518 residence
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1519 regulate, control
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1520 command
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1521 deepest
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1522 just barely
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1523 stunned, bewildered
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1524 unmindful: this is not Lethe, which induces forgetting (oblivion), as Milton makes clear, later, in Book 2, lines 606–10
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1525 abode
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1526 defeated, overthrown, balked, frustrated
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1527 a guarantee, security
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1528 stunned
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1529 overwhelmed
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1530 wicked, fatal
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1531 celestial
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1532 hardness
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1533 Italian: Galileo
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1534 practical scientist, learned man
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1535 discover, make known
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1536 spotted, patchy
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1537 admiral’s ship, flagship
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1538 straight slender stick
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1539 difficult, troublesome
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1540 soil
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1541 beat/shone strongly
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1542 covered, roofed
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1543 nevertheless
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1544 burning, glowing
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1545 in a trance, overpowered
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1546 monastery south of Florence
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1547 Etruscan
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1548 give shelter
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1549 rushlike/reedlike plants
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1550 the constellation of Orion is associated with winter storms
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1551 troubled, agitated
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1552 Egyptian pharaoh who oppressed the captive Israelites
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1553 Egyptian (Memphis = city in ancient Egypt)
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1554 knights, horsemen
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1555 treacherous
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1556 temporary residents
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1557 where the captive Israelites lived, in Egypt
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1558 brought low, cast down
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1559 stupefaction
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1560 revolting, immense
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1561 rulers
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1562 insensibility, mental prostration
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1563 power, force, strength
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1564 banners, flags
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1565 soon
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1566 impale, pierce through
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1567 abyss
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1568 briskly, quickly
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1569 accustomed
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1570 Moses
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1571 black
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1572 floating/whirling through the air
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1573 vault
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1574 descend, settle
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1575 solid
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1576 burning stone, sulfur
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1577 Goths and Vikings
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1578 Danube
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1579 down from
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1580 at once
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1581 surpassing
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1582 at first, originally
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1583 God’s record of the righteous
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1584 toleration, consent
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1585 testing
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1586 showy
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1587 bed
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1588 shore
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1589 of mixed and disorderly composition
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1590 at a distance
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1591 most, the bulk
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1592 place
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1593 to face (defiantly)? await?
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1594 desecrated, violated
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1595 to insult, defy
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1596 percussion instrument, tambourinelike
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1597 savage, cruel, fierce, harsh
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1598 a Semitic people who lived in Jordan; they were related to the Israelites but often at war with them
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1599 now Amman
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1600 in Bashan region; included in the sixth province of Solomon’s kingdom
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1601 modern Bashan
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1602 river flowing into the Dead Sea
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1603 shameless, daring
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1604 Moloch’s
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1605 scandalous, disgraceful
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1606 Gehinnom, valley SW of Jerusalem
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1607 high place in the valley of Hinnom, where children were sacrificed to Moloch
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1608 place of future torment, hell
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1609 symbol, model
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1610 the Moabites’ god
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1611 filthy
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1612 object of fear/reverence
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1613 like the Ammonites, the Moabites were located in Jordan and related to the Israelites, with whom they often warred
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1614 see Deuteronomy 3:12
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1615 a mountain in the Moabite region: see Isaiah 15:2
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1616 linked to Nebo (see footnote 219, above)
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1617 Hesebon = Moabite city
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1618 see Isaiah 15:5
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1619 Sehon = king of the Amorites, the pre-Israelite people of Canaan
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1620 Moabite town
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1621 Moabite city
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1622 the Dead Sea
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1623 Peor = Baal-Peor, Canaanite god associated with sexual orgies on Mt. Peor, in the Moabite region
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1624 Israelite campsite near Jericho
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1625 i.e., Egypt
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1626 lewd, lascivious
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1627 the Mount of Olives: see also line 403, above, and the footnote thereto
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1628 hard by = close to
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1629 king of Judea, 637–608 B.C.,
a religious reformer
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1630 a major Mesopotamian river
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1631 the River Esor
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1632 plural of “Baal,” in Hebrew
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1633 plural of “Ashtoreth,” in Hebrew
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1634 uncombined, unmixed
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1635 based
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1636 cumbersome: clumsy, unwieldy
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1637 expanded
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1638 ill will, hatred
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1639 unfilled, uncrowded
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1640 vile, wretched [four syllables, first and third accented]
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1641 see line 422, above
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1642 Sidon, Syrian city of the Phoenicians; now in Lebanon
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1643 hill in Jerusalem, site of the Temple
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1644 displeasing
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1645 excessively fond of one’s wife
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1646 Solomon
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1647 or Tammuz, Babylonian-Sumerian god (known elsewhere as Adonis, Osiris, etc.), carried off to the underworld but redeemed by Ishtar, chief Babylonian-Sumerian goddess, because life on earth had withered in his absence
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1648 the river, which originates in Lebanon
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1649 antechamber/entranceway to the temple
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1650 prophet of the Babylonian exile of the Israelites, sixth century B.C.
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1651 the southern of the two kingdoms into which Israel was divided, after Sol omon’s death; the northern kingdom retained the name Israel
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1652 captured by the Philistines
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1653 placed in Dagon’s temple, overnight the ark toppled Dagon’s statue, knocking off the head and both hands
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1654 threshold-edge
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1655 (1) still, at that time, (2) nevertheless
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1656 Ashdod, major Philistine city
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1657 a major Philistine city
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1658 a major Philistine city
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1659 Ekron: a major Philistine city
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1660 a major Philistine city
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1661 Syrian god
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1662 river in Damascus [trisyllabic, first and third accented]
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1663 river near Damascus
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1664 clear, pellucid, translucent, shining
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1665 rivers
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1666 Naaman, cured by Elisha, ninth century B.C. prophet of Israel, disciple of and successor to Elijah
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1667 Ahaz, king of Judah, eighth century B.C.
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1668 i.e., Rimmon’s
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1669 stupid, foolish
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1670 induced
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1671 i.e., Ahaz
The Annotated Milton: Complete English Poems Page 82
