The Red Army Faction, a Documentary History

by J. Smith

  Mohnhaupt, Brigitte 136n, 210, 228i, 356; captured (1972) 24, 369; released (1977) 373; captured and released (1978, Yugoslavia) 51, 53, 329, 377–378; attack on Kroesen (1981) 186. See also RAF: attempted assassination of U.S. General Frederick Kroesen (1981); captured (1982) 228, 387; trial (1984) 286, 292; trial statement (1984) 304–313, 388; and allegations by Susanne Albrecht 341n; and Peter-Jürgen Boock 51, 328–332; on anti-imperialism 63, 310; on collective responsibility and relationship to aboveground 251, 276

  Möller, Christian 61, 154, 356, 376

  Möller, Irmgard 356; captured (1972) 24, 369; trial (1976) 372; in Stammheim prison (1977) 34, 36, 39, 42n; Stammheim, almost killed in (1977) 41–43, 374–376; prison conditions (1977-1980) 93, 120i, 375; trial (1979) 103n, 380; and seventh RAF prisoners’ hunger strike (1979) 103–104, 380; on collective decisionmaking 274; on Grußaktion 279–281; positive views of May Paper 220–221; on RAF prisoners 33n; on repression 17–18; on youth 164

  Le Monde Diplomatique 372

  Moro, Aldo 313n,

  Mossad; assassination of Ali Hassan Salameh 259, 360, 379; assassination of Waddi Haddad 72, 228, 351, 376

  Movement to Free Jerusalem 353

  Mozambique 2, 305

  Müller, Arndt 37, 356; trial (1980) 101, 252, 381

  Müller, Gerhard 253, i, 356; captured (1972) 24, 369; crown witness 103n, 251–252, 261, 371–372

  Munich Olympics hostage-taking (1972) 259

  MUT corporation 295

  Nabil Harb Commando. See 2nd of June Movement: Moabit jailbreak (1978)

  NADIS computer database xxiii, 257, 325. See also computers

  NAPAP (Noyaux armés pour l’autonomie populaire) 131, 382

  Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands xxiii, 355

  National People’s Army (East German) 184, 335, 338

  National Security Agency 67

  National Security Council (U.S.) 193

  NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 167. See also peace and antiwar movements; See also anti-imperialism; See also RAF ideas on: imperialism’s current situation; 1982 Bonn Summit 221–223; and counterinsurgency 173–175, 174n, 178, 197, 301, 311–314; Double-Track strategy 124–125, 221, 281, 311, 375, 381; mentioned by 2nd of June Movement 145; mentioned by RAF and prisoners 116–118, 178, 193, 197–200, 288–289, 301, 306, 314, 335; and political prisoners 174, 177, 193, 255, 285, 383; targeted by RAF 56, 106–108, 178–180, 182–185, 240, 293–294, 380; targeted by Revolutionary Cells 222, 386–387

  NATO Review (“directive against political prisoners”) 177, 193, 383. See also

  NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): and political prisoners

  Nazis, former 15–16, 167. See also Federal Republic of Germany: Third Reich successor state; mentioned 18n, 266, 273, 277, 331; Walter Becher 300n; Hans Filbinger 349; Karl Schiller 360; Hanns Martin Schleyer 38–39, , i; Friedrich Zimmermann 266

  neocolonialism 122. See also RAF ideas on: neocolonialism; antiterrorist consensus 47n, 71–72, 247, 258–260, 295n, 378–379

  neoliberalism 147, 198, 242

  Newerla, Armin 37, 357; trial (1980) 101, 252, 381

  New Jewel Movement 123

  news media 86–87, 127n, 257, 270n, 300–301, 332. See also Springer Press; See also §88a; See also psychological warfare; See also Spiegel; See also censorship

  New Statesman 177

  Nicaragua 123, 304–305, 380, 383

  Nicolai, Regina 357; detained in Czechoslovakia (1978) 68–69, 377; captured and extradited (1980) 129–131, 382

  nihilists (Belgian) 107

  NOCS 313n,

  North American anti-imperialist left 171

  North Atlantic Treaty Organization. See NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

  Northern Ireland 62n, 178; hunger strikes (1980, 1981) 176, 384; mentioned by RAF and prisoners 115, 193, 200–201; political prisoners 174, 176, 384

  North-South Commission 308

  Noyaux armés pour l’autonomie populaire (Armed Nuclei For Popular Autonomy) 131, 382

  nuclear power 76–77. See also antinuclear movement

  nuclear war 117n, 124. See also peace and antiwar movements; discussed by 2nd of June Movement 139, 146; fears of 125, 139, 146, 179, 197, 240, 309, 314, 340; mentioned by RAF and prisoners 117, 197–198, 237, 240, 309, 314, 340

  O’Hara, Patsy 174, i, 176, 357; name taken by RAF Commando 295

  Ohnesorg, Benno 17–18, 357, 366. See also Geus, Friedrich (Judge)

  oil shock (1973) 76

  oil shock (1979) 122–123, 379, 381

  OLG (Oberlandesgericht) xxiii

  OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) xxiv, 76. See also Revolutionary Cells: OPEC raid in Vienna (1975)

  Operation Eichhörnchen 228

  Operation Zauber 231

  Oriach, Frédéric 131, 357, 382

  Otto, Roland 58, 357

  ÖTV (Public Service, Transport, and Communication Union) xxiv

  Oxfort, Hermann 59, 357

  Pakistan 123

  Palestine and Palestinians 227, 260. See also PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine); See also PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization); See also Lebanon; See also RAF: trip to Jordan (1970); See also PFLP (EO) [Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (External Operations)]; See also PFLP (Special Command); mentioned by RAF 115, 118, 195, 304, 338; solidarity with 60, 171, 188

  Palestine Information Agency (Informationsstelle Palästina) 260

  Palmers, Walter 59, i–61, 357, 375. See also 2nd of June Movement: Palmers kidnapping (1977)

  Paraguay 380, 383

  Pauli, Walter 58, 357

  peace and antiwar movements 125–127, 179. See also Bremen riots (1980); See also protests: Bush visit to Krefeld (1983); See also protests: Reagan visit (1982); and anti-imps 172–173, 178–179, 224; conflicts with Autonomen and anti-imps 185, 224, 227, 281–285, 387; Coordinating Committee xxi, 185, 227, 281–282; and East Bloc 218, 340; and Green Party 223, 272, 281; and RAF 184, 336

  Peace Congress (West Berlin, 1981) 185

  People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen 3, 9–10; and Lorenz kidnapping (1975) 57, 371; and Mogadishu skyjacking (1977) 40, 47, i; as rear base area 23, 49, 51, 59, 62n, 104, 204, 228; mentioned by RAF 307

  Persia. See Iran

  PFLP (EO) [Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (External Operations)] xxiv, 5, 13, 23, 49, 228. See also Entebbe/Air France skyjacking (1976); See also Mogadishu/Lufthansa skyjacking (1977); Carlos and OPEC raid (1975) 71–72; and RAF 23, 49, 260; and Revolutionary Cells 71–73; and 2nd of June Movement 59; successor groups xxiv, 129, 260, 376

  PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine) xxiv

  PFLP (Special Command) xxiv, 260, 376. See also Dschihad, Chalid

  Philippines 122

  PIOS computer database xxiv, 257. See also computers

  Pitsch, Reinhard 60–61, , i, 358, 375

  Plambeck, Helmut (Judge) 252n,

  Plambeck, Juliane 132, i, 358. See also 2nd of June Movement: joins RAF; captured (1975) 58; escape from prison (1976) 58–59, 372; dies in car accident (1980) 133, 150, 382; anti-imperialist politics and decision to join RAF 64n, 131–132

  PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) xxiv; and antiterrorist consensus 71–72, 258–260, 378–379; and CIA 260; and RAF 258–260. See also RAF: trip to Jordan (1970); prisoners 269

  Pohle, Rolf 57n, 371

  Pohl, Gisela 101n, 358

  Pohl, Helmut 210, 358; joins RAF (1970) 334; captured (1974) 35n, 369; in Stammheim (1977) 35–36; released (1979) 127, 380; captured (1984) 286, 388; on collective responsibility thesis 251; on Entebbe skyjacking 73; visit to GDR 337–339; interview with Frankfurter Rundschau (1991) 333–344; and May Paper 220; on relationship with East 178–179, 183–184, 333–340; on RAF dropouts 135, 334, 341; on RAF strategy 21

  Pohrt, Wolfgang 269, 358

  Political Trials Working Group. See Arbeitskreis politische Prozesse (APG)

  Ponto, Jürgen 36,
358, 373. See also RAF: Ponto assassination (1977)

  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine xxiv

  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (External Operations). See PFLP (EO) [Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (External Operations)]

  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Special Command) xxiv, 260, 376. See also Dschihad, Chalid

  population control and eugenics (targeted) 172, 210, 275

  post-structuralism 214

  Presidential Directive 59 124

  Prieß, Rosemarie 97, 358, 374

  prison breaks. See also false flag actions: Celle hole (1978); Lehrter Straße Women’s Prison (1976) 58–59, 372; Berlin-Moabit (1978) 64–65, 377; alleged (1978) 54

  prison conditions. See also isolation torture; See also jailhouse conversions; See also Contact Ban; See also RAF prisoners; cell raids 278, 343; censorship 93, 278, 341–343; female prisoners 157n; following German Autumn 43, 93, 95, 114; force-feeding 36–37, 157–158, 384; glass partition 93, 280, 322, 377; promise of liberalization under Gerhart Baum. See resocialization; psychiatrization 157n, 190n, 250, 279; strip searches 93, 95, 130, 151, 157, 162, 381; visitors barred 281; in France 130, 382; in Holland 94; in Switzerland 154

  prisoner of war status and protections; and RAF 102, 112, 176, 193; denied 159, 177; Northern Ireland 174, 176; Palestine 195

  prisoners, social 26, 119, 152, 163, 369–370

  prisons. See also prison conditions; Berlin 114; Berlin-Lehrter Straße 58–59, 85, 372; Berlin-Moabit 64–65, 68; Berlin- Tegel 31; Bühl 188; Celle 114, 157, 215. See also false flag actions: Celle hole (1978); See also RAF prisoners: at Celle; Cologne-Ossendorf 25, 95, 114; Fleury-Mérogis (France) 130, 382; Lübeck-Lauerhof 114, 151, 154, 381, 384; Munich-Stadelheim 43; Stammheim 28, 30, 34–36, 93, 95, 103, 114, 188, 190, 250, 265, 292. See also Stammheim deaths (1977); See also RAF trials: Baader-Ensslin- Meinhof-Raspe (1976-1977); Straubing 114; Zweibrücken 188

  Program for Peace in Freedom 222

  Proll, Astrid 25, 358

  Proll, Thorwald 156n, 358, 366

  propaganda. See psychological warfare

  protests. See also Bremen riots (1980); See also antinuclear movement; murder of Benno Ohnesorg and attempted assassination of Rudi Dutschke (1967-1968) 18, i, 366, i; death of Holger Meins (1974) 26, 370; death of Ulrike Meinhof (1976) 31–32, , i; 12-12 riot (1980) 165, 383; death of Sigurd Debus (1981) 159–160, 384; Haig visit to West Berlin (1981) 179, 181–182, 385; death of Klaus-Jürgen Rattay (1981) 208; Reagan visit (1982) 222–223, , i, 225, i–226, 386; Bush visit to Krefeld (1983) 282–285, 283i, 387, i

  psychiatry. See prison conditions: psychiatrization

  psychological warfare 28–29, 107, 229n. See also false flag actions; See also repression, judicial; and courts 250–252; and Peter-Jürgen Boock 331–332; claim that RAF prisoners order actions 278, 300, 343. See also RAF prisoners: relationship to RAF; mentioned by RAF and former members xviii, 150, 194, 297

  punk rock 167

  Quick 367

  radikal 215, 277–278

  RAF. See also support scene; See also RAF dropouts; See also German Autumn; Frankfurt department store arson (1968) 182, i–183, 185–186, 199–202, 276, 337–338, 385; supply depot arrests (1982) 228–229, 387; Frankfurt arrests (1984) 286–287, 291, 388; other activities in 1984 286, 292, 388; attempted bombing of SHAPE School (1984) 293–294; Zimmerman assassination (1985) 295; Braunmühl assassination (1986) 328; Herrhausen assassination (1989) 343; Rohwedder assassination (1991) 343n; and Action Directe 294–295; and GDR 46–47, 134–136, 183–184, 227, 333–340, 383. See also RAF dropouts; and Irish Republicans 176, 295n; and Revolutionary Cells 70, 73, 168–169, 191, 210–211, 213, 215–216, 293; and 2nd of June Movement 56–57, 60, 62, 108, 140–142, 367, 375; absorbs 2nd of June Movement 131–132, 134, 137–149, 204, 382; and Tauras-Dorff Group 51; bank robberies 22, 104, 108–111, 135, 141, 228, 286, 354, 367, 381, 388; doubts 56, 104, 110, 127–128, 134–135, 204, 229n, 330

  RAF Commandos; Andreas Baader Commando 106–107, 116–118, 128, 178, 380; Gudrun Ensslin Commando 182–183, 199–202, 385; Holger Meins Commando 27–28, 162, 273, 298, 371; false “Holger Meins Commando” (1977) 163; July 15th Commando 368; Patrick O’Hara Commando 295; Petra Schelm Commando 368; 2nd of June Commando 368; Siegfried Hausner Commando 38–39, 43, 246–247, 374; Sigurd Debus Commando 179–180, 197–198, 201–202, 384; Thomas Weissbecker Commando 368; Ulrich Wessel Commando 343n; Ulrike Meinhof Commando 33–34, 373

  RAF documents. See also Regarding the Armed Struggle in West Europe; See also Aktionspapier; The Black September Action in Munich (1972) 20–21, 64, 369; Statement on Boock’s Lies (1988) 328–332; Build the Red Army (1970) 367; The Deaths of Wolfgang Beer and Juliane Plambeck (1980) 150; Eighth Hunger Strike Statement (1981) 192–195; Statement Calling Off the Eighth Hunger Strike (1981) 196; For the Unity of Revolutionaries in Western Europe (1984) 294; The Guerilla, the Resistance, and the Anti-Imperialist Front (1982) 210–221, 232–248, 385. See also May Paper; Attack on Alexander Haig (1979) 116–118, 173; Christian Klar’s trial statement (1984) 297–303; Attack Against General Frederick Kroesen (1981) 199–200; Brigitte Mohnhaupt’s trial statement (1984) 304–313; Interview with Le Monde Diplomatique (1976) 372; Letter Addressing Police Fabrications (1981) 190, 201–203; Provisional Program of Struggle for the Political Rights of Imprisoned Workers (1974) 369–370; Letter from the RAF to the RAF Prisoners (1975) 27, 371; Attack Against USAFE Ramstein (1981) 197–198; Serve the People: The Urban Guerilla and Class Struggle (1972) 20, 108–109, 190, 368; Seventh Hunger Strike Statement (1979) 114–115; Sixth Hunger Strike Statement (1978) 112–113; The Urban Guerilla Concept (1971) 19–20, 22, 141, 367; We Must Search for Something New (1992) 288–289

  RAF dropouts 128–129, 134, 204–205, 330. See also Albrecht, Susanne; See also Dümlein, Christine; See also Sternebeck, Sigrid; See also Maier-Witt, Silke; See also Friedrich, Ralf Baptist; See also Helbing, Monika; See also Viett, Inge; See also Seckendorff- Gudent, Ekkehard von; See also RAF: doubts; See also Beer, Henning; captured (1991) 333; cooperation with investigators 56, 183–184, 333, 341, 365; in the GDR 134–136, 334, 339, 383; possible response in May Paper 211–212

  RAF ideas on; the ‘77 offensive 43–44, 138, 150, 152, 212–213, 215–216, 232–233, 236–237, 246–248, 297–303, 311–312; the “aboveground RAF” smear 190, 201–202, 239; the Anti- Imperialist Front 200, 211–214, 232, 235, 238–243, 276, 310, 335; antipatriarchal politics 213n; collective responsibility 110, 251, 273–274; cooperation with other guerilla groups 212, 237, 315; East-West relations 197, 235, 244, 289, 309, 340; fascism 18n, 194, 277n, 298–299, 301–302. See also Nazis, former: mentioned; the Federal Republic of Germany 117, 193, 236–237, 242, 301, 308; the Federal Republic of Germany’s subservience 117, 193, 199, 246–247, 299, 312; the German Democratic Republic 335–337, 339; the guerilla and consciousness 212–213, 233, 245, 291, 297, 309, 313; the guerilla holding imperialism in check 194, 197, 199, 245, 303; the guerilla struggle in the metropole 21–22, 234–235, 291, 297, 307, 342; imperialism’s current situation 116–117, 197, 199, 235–236, 240–241, 244, 289, 304–306; imperialist unification 117, 178, 193, 236–237, 246, 301, 306, 311–312, 314; liberation 194–195, 244–245, 310; the May Paper 215–216, 220–221, 289, 304. See also May Paper; the metropole and the Third World 116–117, 199, 243–244, 297–298, 304–307, 341; metropolitan conditions 147, 198, 237, 242, 314; metropolitan focus 117, 197, 199, 212, 236, 241–245; the nation-state perspective 243, 297, 299; NATO 108, 118, 178–179, 193, 197–200, 240, 301, 306, 311–314, 335; neocolonialism 139, 243, 247, 306, 308–309, 312; nuclear fears 197–198, 237, 240, 309, 314; our strategy being a strategy against their strategy 214, 216, 245, 304, 335; proletarian internationalism 195, 234, 243, 298, 304, 307, 310; psychological warfare 150, 194, 297, 300–301; the radical left 193–194, 199, 202, 212, 238, 240, 288–289, 310, 340; radical subjectivity 194–195, 212–214, 233–235, 237, 309–310; reformists, old ant
ifascists, and liberals 229n, 279–280, 299, 303, 307, 314, 332; repression 118, 194, 201–202, 247, 299–302; the rupture in the metropole 21, 237, 241, 297–298, 302–303, 310; social democracy 114, 117, 246–247, 297–300, 302, 306–309; social revolutionary politics 310–311; the Soviet Union 218n, 235, 244, 309, 342; the Stammheim deaths 42–44, 112, 193, 233, 248, 299–301; transforming the political situation into a military situation 193–194, 212–213, 236–237, 241–242, 248, 300–302, 307–308, 311, 313–314; the twenty-four-hour day 198; Vietnam as turning point 19n, 116, 235, 298, 304–306, 309

  RAF prisoners. See also Geneva Convention (strategy); See also prison conditions; See also isolation torture; See also support scene: and prisoners; first and second hunger strikes (1973) 369; third hunger strike (1974-5) 26–27, 138, 142, 369; interview with Spiegel (1975) 370; fourth hunger strike (1977) 33–35, 373; fifth hunger strike (1977) 36–38, 374; sixth hunger strike (1978) 94, 112–113, 376; seventh hunger strike (1979) 102–104, 108, 114–115, 119, 380; eighth hunger strike (1981) 152–159, 192–196, 384; women’s hunger strike at Lübeck-Lauerhof (1980) 151, 381–382; ninth hunger strike (1984-1985) 292, 295, 388; tenth hunger strike (1989) 343–344; association 26, 33–34, 36, 93–94, 103, 113, 115, 159, 176, 188, 190, 192, 253, 271, 278, 285, 369, 373, 375–376, 380, 384; association versus integration 26, 261n, 369; and crown witnesses/informants 184, 231, 251–253, 336, 371–372, 385; and medical professionals 93, 95, 154, 158, 329, 384; and Vollmer-Walser proposal (1988) 342; at Celle 215–216, 229, 278; in France 130–131, 382; in Holland 94, 376, 378; in Switzerland 154; negative views of May Paper 215–216; positive views of May Paper 220–221; importance to RAF 200, 232–233, 246, 298, 303; relationship to RAF 33n, 343–344

  RAF trials. See also lawyers, attacks on; See also repression, judicial; Baader- Ensslin-Meinhof-Raspe (1976-1977) xv, 30, 250, 365, 373; Becker (1977) 375; Becker (2012) xviii–xix; Boock (1984) 264–266, 268–269, 388; Boock (1986) 268, 328; Folkerts (1980) 151–152, 230; Grashof (1972) 368; Heißler (1982) 269n, 386; Hofmann (1981-1982) 188, 250–251, 385, 386; Hofmann (1995) 341n; Klar-Mohnhaupt (1984) 286, 297–313, 388; Möller-Braun (1979) 103n; Schneider-Wackernagel (1980) 152; Sonnenberg (1978) 35; Speitel (1979) 55n, 250; Wagner (1980) 110; Wisniewski (1980-1981) 152, 250, 385