The Plots Against Hitler
Page 51
Czimanska, Madame/family, 145–46
D
Dachau concentration camp, 12, 73, 74, 76, 264, 312 n1
Daladier, Édouard, 58, 60, 61
Deutsch, Harold C., xvi, 23
Dipper, Christoph, xii–xiii, 105
division of labor in network-analysis theory, 25
Dohnanyi, Hans von
Abwehr position beginnings, 80–81, 152
attempted trial delay/death sentence, 264
background, 80, 151, 152–53, 158
Christine (wife) and, 151, 152, 153, 264
descriptions, 151, 292
imprisonment/torture, 246, 261
Moltke and, 108
motives for resistance and, 270, 274
Nazi crimes documentation and, 49, 80–81, 152, 197
Nazi raids/arrest, 142, 158–59
rescuing Jews/other persecuted people and, 148, 151, 152–58, 270, 274, 279, 286, 334 n18
resistance and, 49, 79–80, 144, 151, 152
Dohnanyi, Klaus von, 279
Dönhoff, Marion von, xii
Dönitz, Admiral, 217
Duff-Cooper, Alfred, 55, 57, 59
Dulles, Allen Welsh, 201, 345 n38
E
Ebermayer, Erich, 8
Eichmann, Adolf
Canaris and, 150–51, 155, 156
ending outside intervention, 153
Jews and, 148–49, 150–51, 152, 153, 155, 156
Eichmann trial, 123–24
Einsatzgruppen, 51, 123, 124, 125, 148, 173, 174, 202, 253–54, 277
Eisenhower, General, 177–78
elections (November 1933), 9
Elser, Georg
arrest/interrogations, 72–73
assassination plot/planning, 62–63, 64–72, 76, 92–93
background/family, 62, 63–64
bomb/description, 66–68
bomb explosion/results, 71–72
death, 74
decision to act, 64–65
descriptions, 62, 65, 279
Great Depression and, 63–64
Great War and, 63
Hitler’s security and, 65–66, 74, 115
imprisonment, 62, 73–74, 312 n1
limits of working alone, 62–63, 65, 74, 285
Manfred (son), 64
Maria/Karl (sister/brother-in-law) and, 70
music and, 62, 63, 73, 74
skills, 62, 63, 67–68, 73, 74
Enabling Act, 5–6
Esebeck, General, 228
F
Falkenhausen, Alexander von, 208, 264
Fellgiebel, Erich
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 243, 245
position, 212
resistance/assassination attempt and, 212, 214, 215–16
Finckh, Eberhard, 218, 220–21
Fischer, Albrecht, 149
Fischer, Eugen, 26
Fisher, Sir Warren, 42
FitzGibbon, Constantine, 27–28, 234
Fliess, Julius
deportation/rescue and, 152, 153, 154, 157
family (Hildegard/Dorothee), 152, 154, 157
Flossenbürg concentration camp, 262
France
assassination/coup plot (1944) and, 218, 220–21, 222, 228–30, 234–35, 240, 288, 353 n60
fall of (World War II), 97
Free France, 229, 230
Germany/Czechoslovakia and, 39, 46, 55
Poland/Nazi aggression and, 79–80, 85
Vichy France, 97
Franco, Francisco, 144
Franco-Prussian War, 106
Free Society for Scholarly Entertainment (Wednesday Society), 26, 76
Freisler, Roland
background/style, 246–50
trials of conspirators and, 246–50, 251, 255, 261–62, 279
Frick, Wilhelm, 6
Friedenthal, Charlotte, 154, 157
Fritsch, Werner von
Blomberg scandal and, 16
charge against, 16–18, 30, 118
death, 94, 95
Hitler and, 17, 30
position/views, 10, 15
supporters/resistance movements and, 17–18, 27, 28, 30–31, 118
Fromm, Friedrich
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 243, 258
descriptions, 129, 330 n8
during assassination/coup attempts, 219, 222–23, 225, 236–37
Olbricht and, 135–36, 196, 202, 208, 219
resistance ambivalence and, 129–30, 202
suspicions of Olbricht, 208
G
Gaevernitz, Gero von, 265
Gehre, Ludwig, 133, 138, 139, 191
George, Stefan
death/funeral, 169–70
descriptions, 164
literary circle of, 164–65, 175
Stauffenbergs and, 164–65, 169–70, 175, 194
Georgi, Friedrich, 196
Gerlach, Christian, xii, xiii
Gersdorff, Rudolf von
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 260, 265
assassination plot (plane bomb), 134–35, 136, 137, 140
assassination plot (suicide bomb attempt), 140–42, 204, 333 n43
assassination question and, 183
Germany’s invasion of Soviet Union and, 121–22, 124, 125, 126, 269
motives for resistance and, 270, 271, 275–76
resistance and, 119, 121–22
Gerstenmaier, Eugen, Pastor, 217–18
Gestapo
conspiracy knowledge and, 25, 53, 142, 190
description, 12
raiding Abwehr offices, Berlin/arrests, 142
resistance/Communists and, 12–13
Gisevius, Hans Bernd
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 252–54, 262–63, 358 n37
background/description, 21
Halder and, 37–38, 307 n2
military headquarters office and, 52
motives for resistance and, 274
resistance and, 3–4, 20–22, 27, 43, 45, 51, 52, 56, 61, 84, 131, 156–57, 201, 202, 218, 225, 227–28, 232, 235, 274–75
Stauffenberg and, 193, 232
Western Allies and, 201
writings/views, 3–4
See also resistance movements/Berlin network
Gladwell, Malcolm, 26
Glaesemer, Colonel, 230
Gleichschaltung, 4, 7, 8, 9
Goebbels, Josef
assassination/coup attempts and, 140, 226, 228, 230–31, 239, 288, 352–53 n49
Czechoslovakia and, 46
Elser and, 64–65
Hitler/Hitler’s orders and, 2, 134, 217
persecution of Jews, 75–76, 78, 80
Goerdeler, Carl Friedrich
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 254–55, 358 n36
Anneliese (wife), 256, 264–65
arrest/trial, 255, 258
arrest warrant/going into hiding (July 1944), 208–9, 348 n68
assassination question and, 181–82, 184–85, 186
Britain trips/warnings on Hitler, 39–42, 308 n10
descriptions/background, 22, 118, 292, 293
duties after coup, 198–99
Enlightenment vs. anti-Enlightenment and, 101–2
family of, 264–65
fears of surveillance, 142
hanging of, 258
imprisonment, 261
Jews and, 22–24, 41–42, 77, 78, 104–6, 256–58, 271, 308 n10
joining Oster/Gisevius, 24
last thoughts/writings, 255–58
as Leipzig mayor/resignation, 22–24
Mendelssohn statue and, 23, 24
motives for resistance and, 268, 270, 271, 272
plans for Germany’s future, 101–3, 104–6, 109, 110
position in new government, 198
resistance/coup and, 22–23, 24, 26–27, 29, 34, 49, 52, 80, 82, 84, 90, 91, 94–95, 118, 129, 136, 142, 205, 206, 221, 287
security risks and, 206
Stauffenberg and, 193
tours of Middle Eastern countries and, 105–6
Western Allies and, 201
See also resistance movements/Berlin network
Göring, Hermann
assassination attempts and, 140, 213
Blomberg scandal and, 15–16
Czechoslovakia and, 46
Elser and, 64–65
Enabling Act passage and, 6
Fritsch and, 16, 30
Goerdeler and, 39
persecution of Jews, 76, 77–78
position/Hitler and, 2, 15–16, 64–65, 72, 134, 141
Wolf’s Lair and, 211
Great War
changes in Europe and, 163
Germany following, 163–64, 166–68
Stauffenberg family and, 162–64, 172
Treaty of Versailles, 32, 33, 97, 164, 168
Greek myth, shirt of Nessus, 242
Groscurth, Helmut, 81, 89–90, 91
Grün, Eva and Blomberg, 15–16
Grynszpan, Herschel, 75
Guderian, General, 246, 250
guilt and Germany, xi–xii, 51, 122, 145, 176, 200
H
Haacke, Deputy Mayor (Leipzig), 23, 24
Hácha, Emil, 79
Haeften, Hans-Bernd von, 210–11
Haeften, Werner von
assassination plot/attempt and, 181, 211, 213, 214–15, 218, 223, 236, 237
assassination question and, 181, 186, 187, 211
body exhumed/burned, 244
firing squad and, 237
Haffner, Sebastian
on anti-Jewish actions, 11
background, 2
on Communists/Reichstag fire, 2–3
on Communists’ resistance, 4
on Nazi propaganda/festivities, 10–11
Hagen, Albrecht von, 247, 249–50
Hahn, Colonel, 216
Halder, Franz
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 264–65
as anti-Nazi/anti-Hitler, 27, 30, 36, 37, 38
appointment as chief of the General Staff, 36, 37
Beck and, 27, 30, 35, 36, 92, 284, 307 n15, 320 n21
coup reasons and, 45
coup/timing, 36, 38–39, 307 n15
descriptions, 37–38, 284, 315 n5
Gisevius and, 37–38, 307 n2
importance to resistance, 44, 81, 283–84
meeting with Beck (1940), 92
positions, 27, 36
resistance ambivalence and, 79, 81, 83, 84, 88, 89, 90, 285
resistance and, 27, 30, 36, 37–39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 52, 58, 60, 90, 91, 97, 100, 183, 307 n15
Soviet Union invasion/atrocities and, 124
tribunal at Nuremberg, 60
war prevention and, 37, 38–39
Halem, Nikolaus von, 241
Halifax, Viscount, 55, 57, 59, 79, 85
Hamacher, Harry, 148–49
Hammerstein, Kurt von
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 243
assassination plan and, 87–88
background/descriptions, 9, 86–87, 89
Hardenberg, Carl-Hans von
background, 131
recruitment into resistance, 131
resistance/coup plans and, 206
Hase, Paul von
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 247, 249–50
assassination/coup attempt (1944) and, 218, 219, 226, 228, 230, 231
background/actions, 292
resistance and, 46, 52, 197, 218, 219
Hassell, Ulrich von
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 252–53
assassination question and, 182
diary entries, 91, 97–98, 268
family of, 264–65
fears of surveillance, 142
Fritsch and, 30
motives for resistance and, 268, 270, 272
persecution of Jews and, 78
plans for Germany’s future, 100–101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 110
position/description, 28
position in new government, 198
resistance and, 26, 28–29, 30, 78, 84, 89, 91, 130, 142
Wednesday Society and, 26
Hayessen, Major, 218, 230, 232, 245
Heidegger, Martin, 8
Heinz, Friedrich Wilhelm
background, 53
resistance and, 49–50, 51, 52, 53, 57, 126
shock troop and, 49–50, 51, 52, 57, 61, 90
Held, Heinrich, 7
Helldorff, Wolf von, Count
background/descriptions, 51, 274, 344 n30
resistance/coup and, 51, 52, 193, 197, 218, 219–20, 225–26, 236, 344 n30
Henk, Emil, 200
Henlein, Konrad, 32
“heroes” meanings, 291–93
Hess, Rudolf, 69
Heusinger, General, 213, 214
Heydrich, Reinhard, 16, 76, 148
Himmler, Heinrich
assassination and, 140, 207–8, 213, 337–38 n37
conspiracy knowledge/resistance destruction and, 53, 159, 190, 244, 251, 254, 258, 277
Fritsch and, 16, 17
Jews and, 150
position/Hitler and, 14, 16, 73, 92, 141, 173–74
Hindenburg, President, 22, 168
Hitler, Adolf
army position changes and, 27–28
becoming Führer, 10
Blomberg scandal and, 16, 17
coming to power, 168
Czechoslovakia and, 46, 47–48, 53–54, 56
descriptions, 8–9, 41, 43, 47, 49, 53, 54, 55, 121, 127–28, 135, 137–38, 182
eating description, 137–38
elections (November 1933) and, 9
German offensive in west, order/reactions, 89–90
Germans following, 266
government ministries reshuffling, 28
hanging films and, 250
intervening in military operations, 127–28, 133
security and, 92, 112, 115, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142
soldiers’ loyalty oaths to, 10, 176, 181, 199–200, 226, 234
See also Nazi Party; resistance; specific events
Hitzfeld, Otto, 226, 227
Hoepner, Erich
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 236, 237, 244, 245, 247, 249–50
background, 46, 202
farewell letter, 237
Hitler and, 202–3, 219
Jews and, 202
resistance/coup and, 46, 52, 182, 202, 219, 223, 225, 232, 236, 283, 288
Hofacker, Caesar von
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 258
resistance/resistance “broker,” 192, 198, 201–2, 220, 221–22, 233, 258, 287
Rommel and, 201–2, 258
Hoffmann, Peter
background, xii
on Communists, 4–5, 12–13
on Stauffenberg/activities, 164–65, 172, 177, 194
Höhne, Heinz, 145
homosexuality
charges against Fritsch and, 16–18, 30, 118
in Nazi Germany, 16
Schmidt and, 16–17
Horaczek, Johannes, 146, 147
Hoth, Hermann, 277, 363 n30
Hugenberg, Alfred, 6
Hull, Cordell, 146
I
interrogation strategy, 245
J
Jacob, Major, 226–27
Jaeger, Fritz, 228, 239, 240
Jessen, Jens, 78, 99, 182
Jewish persecution
anti-Jewish boycott (1933), 11, 22–23, 169
anti-Semitic legislation, 22, 23, 104, 108