by Danny Orbach
resistance and, 88, 138, 139, 206, 233
resistance betrayal, 233, 247, 288
stock market crash/effects, 168
Strength through Joy, 10
Stresemann, Gustav, 167–68
Strobl, Maria, 71
Strünck, Theodor/Elisabeth, 52, 253, 254
Stülpnagel, Karl-Heinrich von
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 243–44, 251, 277
motives for resistance and, 276–78
resistance/coup and, 44, 91, 197, 222, 228, 229, 231, 233, 234, 235, 240, 288
World War II and, 89–90, 197–98, 277, 363 n30
Sudeten German Party, 32
T
Thiele, General, 215–16
Thierack, Otto, 247
Thomas, Dorothy
background, 96
Hans/German resistance and, 96, 106
Thomas, Georg, 44, 90, 262, 264–65
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 90
trade unions
general strike (1920), 5
Hitler gaining control of, 7–8
Workers’ Day/festivities and, 8
Treaty of Versailles, 32, 33, 97, 164, 168
Tresckow, Erika von, 193, 286
Tresckow, Henning von
actions following Nazi raids/arrests (1943), 159, 179
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 241–43
background/descriptions, xiii, 113, 118–19, 292, 293
cell members/revolutionary mutation and, 119–20
conspirators’ trials and, 246
daughter of, 252
Germany’s invasion of Soviet Union and, 121–22, 124–25, 126, 275, 328 n11
motives for resistance and, 269, 271, 272, 275–76, 278–79, 280
position/war orders and, 113, 124, 276
Prussian military tradition and, 119, 278
remains, 261
resistance and, 118–19, 128, 130, 176, 190, 191, 326 n10
resistance assassination/coup plans and, 113, 130–31, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136–37, 138–40, 142, 182, 183, 188, 197, 198, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 228, 275–76
suicide, 26, 242–43, 355 n3
See also resistance movements/Berlin and eastern front network
Trott zu Solz, Adam von, 208
U
“United States of Europe” plan, 110
Üxküll, Nikolaus von (Uncle Nux)
background/resistance and, 179
Stauffenberg (Claus) and, 179–80
V
Valkyrie
word origin, 196
See also resistance movements/assassination and coup plot (Stauffenberg, July 20, 1944); Stauffenberg, Claus von, resistance and assassination/Valkyrie attempts
Valkyrie (Orbach), xiii
Vansittart, Sir Robert, 41, 42, 43
“viral effect” in network-analysis theory, 98–99
Vorwärts journal, 5
Voss, Alexander von
Poland atrocities effects and, 112
as would-be assassin, 112, 324–25 n25
W
Wagner, Eduard, 218, 245
Weber, Christian, 65–66
Wednesday Society (Free Society for Scholarly Entertainment), 26, 76
Weissmann, Arno, 248
Weizmann, Chaim, 42
Wels, Otto, 6
wheel conspiracy
description, 191–92
measuring strengths/weaknesses overview, 287–89
Wilhelm, Prince, 53
William II, Emperor, 109
Wilson, Horace, 56
Wirmer, Josef, 250
Witzleben, Erwin von
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 245, 247, 248–49
coup/planned position in new government (1944), 200, 218, 221, 223, 225, 231–32
coup plans (1938), 45, 50
coup plans (1941, 1942) and, 111, 133, 324 n21
description, 45, 142
Gisevius and, 52
Hitler’s march order and, 56
plans for after coup (1938), 82
resistance and, 44–46, 50–51, 52, 53, 56, 57–58, 60, 79, 82, 90, 99, 111, 112, 130, 142, 197, 284
transfer/isolation from resistance (1939), 79, 83, 84
Witzleben, Ursula von, 50–51
Wohlthat, Helmuth, 146, 149
Wolf’s Lair description, 211
World War II
beginnings, 85
Berlin bombings and, 210
fall of France, 97
Nazi attack on west (May 1940) and, 94
North Africa and, 177–78
Sitzkrieg/Sitting War, 86
spring 1944 situation, 204–5
See also specific countries; specific events; specific individuals
Y
Yahil, Leni, 76
Yorck, Peter von Wartenburg, Count
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 247, 249–50
Moltke and, 108–9
resistance/views and, 108–9, 111, 185, 188–89, 217–18
Young, Arthur, 40–42, 308 n10
About the Author
DANNY ORBACH holds a BA in history and East Asian studies from Tel Aviv University and a PhD in history from Harvard. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs and is a senior lecturer in history and East Asian studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He lives in Boston.
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