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The Chinese Must Go

Page 51

by Beth Lew-Williams

Chinatown in, 19, 22–23, 38 –39, 214,

  229 – 230; consulate, 45, 97, 104, 142, 226;

  Qing (Ch’ing) Court, Guangzhou trade, 25

  Customs and immigration, 53, 55–63, 70,

  194–197, 199–200; exceptions in Chinese Racial bound aries, 8, 133, 193, 241, 273n49;

  Restrictions Act, 56–62; riots and

  color line, 17, 37, 96, 133, 230–231; race vio lence, 19, 40, 42, 51, 136, 162, 169

  war, 29, 44, 116–117, 136; racial order, 164; San Francisco Call, 206

  segregation, 3, 8, 38, 98–99, 223, 233,

  San Francisco Eve ning Post, 157

  242–243

  San Jose (California), 134, 180– 181, 219

  Railroads: Canadian Pacific Railway

  Santa Barbara (California), 222

  Com pany, 74, 79, 82, 120; Central Pacific Santa Barbara In de pen dent, 129

  348

  INDEX

  Sargent, Aaron, 45

  Steamships: Eliza Anderson steamer, 77–78,

  Sargent, Frank, 207

  81, 85; Idaho steamer, 69; Mongolia Scale, 10–11, 20, 55, 196, 241, 266n25; scale steamship, 194–195; Pacific Mail Steamship

  jumping, 95, 104, 115, 133, 170, 292n6; Com pany, 26, 194–195; Peking steamship, transcalar history, 10

  56–57; Queen of the Pacific steamer, 109

  Scott, William L., 185

  Ste reo types, 19, 113; barbarism, 33, 40, 120, Seattle, 38, 67, 72, 78, 91, 94, 103–111, 140,

  154, 171–172; heathen coolies, 31–34, 40;

  148, 163–164; claim of peaceful anti-inassimilable, 26, 28, 33–34, 36, 94, 178, Chinese rallies, 121; court action against

  183, 238; “What Shall We Do with Our

  expulsion and militia protection, 108–110,

  Boys?,” 36– 37; “yellow peril,” 35, 178

  160; court cases after threats by vigilantes, Stewart, Charles F. G., 161

  106; expulsions, 157, 170, 174, 216– 217, 219; Stewart, William Morris, 44, 239

  federal troops in, 106; militia re sis tance to

  Stockton (California), 205

  vigilantes, 160–161; polyglot community,

  Stockton Mail, 113

  103; public meeting on expulsion, 158;

  “The Anti- Chinese Riot at Seattle,” 162;

  Tacoma (Washington), 96–98, 152–153, 197, vio lence in, 137–138, 143–144, 146–148,

  227; Chinese scapegoated, 116–120;

  225, 230–231

  destroyed buildings, 219–221; expulsion of

  Seattle Call, 88

  Chinese, 1, 3, 96, 98–106, 115, 121, 123–126, Seattle Daily Call, 120, 121, 142, 161

  130, 157–158, 165, 174, 182; Governor unable Seattle Post- Intelligencer, 18

  to prevent vio lence, 142–143; Ministerial

  Sehome (Washington), 67, 69

  Union of Tacoma on anti- Chinese vio-

  Selma (California), 205

  lence, 154–156; Reconciliation Park, 12–13;

  Seward, William H., 24, 26–29, 46

  “Tacoma’s Twenty- Seven,” 125; “The

  Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, 212

  Chinese Must Go” poster, 122

  Sherman, John, 50–51, 182, 186–187, 203

  Tacoma Daily Ledger, 116, 120, 123, 125, 131, 151

  Smuggling Chinese into Amer i ca, 67,

  Taiping Rebellion, 25

  70–73, 194–196, 198, 229, 318n9

  Tak Nam, 1, 6, 8, 13, 101

  Snake River (Oregon), 180

  Ten Sin Yee Lee, 100

  Socio- legal status, 8, 30, 87, 164, 196, 214,

  Trades Assembly investigation, 35–36

  227–229, 236, 238

  Transpacific: networks, 9, 95, 196; protests, Sonora Union Demo crat, 127

  212–214. See also China

  Spanish- American War, 209

  Treaties: Angell Treaty of 1880, 47–48, 50, 58,

  Spaul ding, O. L., 57–58

  172, 239; Bayard- Zhang (Bayard- Chang)

  Squak Valley (Washington), 82, 91– 92, 96, Treaty, 183–185, 187–188, 191, 314n42;

  102, 111, 117, 141, 324n61

  Gresham- Yang Treaty, 207, 211–212, Squire, Ida Remington, 145–148

  316n62; proposed treaty self- restricting

  Squire, Watson Carvosso, 96–98, 100, 102,

  emigration, 178–180; Tianjin Treaty of

  139–143, 144, 161, 165, 197

  1858, 269n20; Treaty of Guadalupe

  Squire Commission, 197–199

  Hidalgo, 33, 242; Treaty of Tientsin, 213; Statistics of Chinese. See Numbers of

  Wangxia (Wanghia) Treaty of 1844, 172,

  Chinese in Amer i ca

  269n20. See also Burlingame Treaty

  INDEX

  349

  Truckee (California), 129

  Wasp, The, 36

  Truckee Republican, 126

  Weisbach, Jacob, 98, 122, 123, 125

  Western expansion, 33; and settler colo-

  United States imperialism: cooperative open

  nialism, 20, 29, 33

  door policy, 27–28, 46–47, 51, 173–174, Western states and territories, definition of,

  182, 184, 191–192; Gentlemen’s Agreement

  262n12

  (Japa nese restriction), 231, 329n98;

  White supremacy and racism, 20, 29, 40, imperialism and territorial acquisition,

  274n57; assimilation of Irish and Eastern

  209–210; Open Door Notes, 191; policy of Eu ro pe ans, 33–34, 274n57; Bayard’s views exclusion to all Asians, 9, 231; status of

  of African Americans and Chinese,

  non- caucasians in acquired territories,

  171–173; Chinese labor, upward mobility,

  210–211; trade, American interest in, 6,

  35–36; Denby’s views of African

  24–25, 46, 269n20, 279n97. See also Americans and Chinese, 178; miscegena-Cosmopolitan Expansionism; Western

  tion, fear of, 38, 40; plenary power

  expansion

  doctrine used to control immigration, 193;

  United States v. Ju Toy (1905), 208

  status of Chinese in acquired territories,

  U.S. v. Eliza Anderson (1885), 77–79, 81

  210–211. See also Ste reo types

  U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark (1898), 228, 240

  Whyte, Albert, 156

  Wickersham, James, 119–120, 124

  Vancouver (Washington), 141, 156

  Willis, Albert Shelby, 48, 52

  Vattel, Emmerich de, 134

  Witter, Willis, 204

  Vigilantes, 88, 124; Chinese Exclusion Act

  Wold Brothers farm, 91–92

  effect, 202, 205–206; Chinese informers, Women: anti- Chinese women, 11, 121,

  76–77; Chinese Restriction Act and,

  131–133, 139, 145; Chinese women, 9, 22,

  115–117, 127–128; ethnic cleansing, 116;

  34, 45, 56, 200, 214, 225, 239. See also Indian informers, 76; opposition to,

  Citizenship

  137–138; Orcas Island, 75–76; po liti cal Wong Wing v. United States (1896), 203, 240

  influence, 133–136. See also Eureka,

  Woo Gen, 230

  California; Killings; Seattle; Washington

  Workingmen’s Party of California, 40, 42, 45

  Territory

  Wu Tingfang, 211

  Violent racial politics, 7–8, 116, 170, 242–243

  Yamataya v. Fisher (1903), 333n14

  Wa Chong Com pany, 72, 103, 105

  Yesler, Henry, 137, 158

  Wan Lee, 109

  Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886), 240

  Washington Territory, 12, 266n29; anti-

  Yow, Daisy, 19

  Chinese legislation, 43; commercial growth Yreka (California), 126

  and statehood, 140–141; McNeil Island

  indefinite immigrant detention, 85–86, 199; Zhang Yinhuan
(Chang Yen Hoon), 107, petition to Congress in favor of expulsion,

  179–180, 183–185, 190, 229

  165; rec ords of Chinese testimony, 94.

  Zhang Zhidong (Chang Chih- tung),

  See also Chinese Restriction Act of 1882;

  111–112, 175–176, 191

  Seattle; Squak Valley; Tacoma

  Zheng Zaoru (Cheng Tsao Ju), 111, 173–177

  Document Outline

  Cover

  Title Page

  Copyright

  Dedication

  Contents

  Introduction. The Violence of Exclusion

  PART 1: Restriction 1. The Chinese Question

  2. Experiments in Restriction

  PART 2: Violence 3. The Banished

  4. The People

  5. The Loyal

  PART 3: Exclusion 6. The Exclusion Consensus

  7. Afterlives under Exclusion

  Epilogue. The Modern American Alien

  Appendix A. Sites of Anti-Chinese Expulsions and Attempted Expulsions, 1885–1887

  Appendix B. Chinese Immigration to the United States, 1850–1904

  Abbreviations

  Notes

  Acknowledgments

  Index

 

 

 


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