The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger
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Other Government Documents
Arthur D. Little, Inc. Community Renewal Programming: A San Francisco Case Study. New York, 1966.
Board of Inquiry into Waterfront Labor Conditions, New York 1951.
Booz-Allen & Hamilton. “General Administrative Survey of the Port of Seattle.” January 20, 1958.
New York City Planning Commission. “The Port of New York: Proposals for Development.” 1964.
New York City Planning Commission. “Redevelopment of Lower Manhattan East River Piers.” September 1959.
_. The Waterfront. 1971.
New York State Department of Labor. “Employment Conditions in the Longshore Industry.” Industrial Bulletin 31, no. 2 (1952).
_. Population and Income Statistics.
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Foreign Trade 1976.
Port of New York Authority (subsequently Port Authority of New York and New Jersey). Annual Reports.
_. Container Shipping: Full Ahead. 1967.
_. Marine Terminal Survey of the New Jersey Waterfront. February 10, 1949.
_. Metropolitan Transportation 1980.
_. Outlook for Waterborne Commerce through the Port of New York. 1948.
_. The Port of New York. 1952.
_. “Proposal for Development of the Municipally Owned Waterfront and Piers of New York City.” February 10, 1948.
_. Via—Port of New York.
Port of Seattle, Marine Planning and Development Department. “Container Terminal Development Plan.” October 1991.
Port of Seattle, Planning and Research Department. “A Conceptual Framework for the Physical Development of the Port of Seattle.” April 1966.
Port of Singapore Authority. Annual Report and Accounts. Various years.
_. A Review of the Past and a Look into the Future. Singapore: Port of Singapore Authority, 1971.
Scottish Executive. “Container Transshipment and Demand for Container Terminal Capacity in Scotland.” Transport Research Institute, Napier University, Edinburgh, December 2003.
Seattle Port Commission. “Container Terminals 1970–1975: A Development Strategy.” November 1969.
_. “Report of the Marine Terminals Task Force to the Citizens’ Port Committee.” 1959.
_. “Review of Port Development and Financing.” December 1968.
_. Shipping Statistics Handbook. 1963.
State of New York. Record of the Public Hearing Held by Governor Thomas E. Dewey on the Recommendations of the New York State Crime Commission for Remedying Conditions on the Waterfront of the Port of New York. June 8–9, 1953.
Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy-Stratton. “Shoreside Facilities for Trailership, Trainship, and Containership Services.” Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, 1956.
UK Department for Transport. “Recent Developments and Prospects at UK Container Ports.” London, 2000.
_. Transport Statistics Report: Maritime Statistics 2002. London, 2003. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor. Annual Reports.
International Agency Documents
International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook. September 2002.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. “Ocean Freight Rates as Part of Total Transport Costs.” Paris, 1968.
Pan American Union. “Recent Developments in the Use and Handling of Unitized Cargoes.” Document UP/CIES-8 ES-CTPP-Doc. 12, Washington, DC, 1964.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Review of Maritime Transport. Annual.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “An Examination of Some Aspects of the Unit-Load System of Cargo Shipments: Application to Developing Countries.” 1966.
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Commercial Development of Regional Ports as Logistics Centres. New York 2002.
World Bank. East Asia Integrates: A Trade Policy Agenda for Shared Growth. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2003.
World Trade Organization. World Trade Report 2004 (Geneva, 2005).
Private Reports and Documents
A. D. Little. “Containerisation on the North Atlantic.” London: National Ports Council, 1967.
AOTOS Awards, program, 1984.
Association of American Railroads. Carloads of Revenue Freight Loaded.
Containerization and Intermodal Institute, “Containerization: The First 25 Years.” New York, 1981.
Downtown-Lower Manhattan Association. “Lower Manhattan.” 1958.
First National City Bank. “The Port of New York: Challenge and Opportunity.” 1967.
Insurance Institute of London, Advanced Study Group No. 188. “An Examination of the Changing Nature of Cargo Insurance following the Introduction of Containers.” 1969.
International Cargo Handling Coordination Association. “Containerization Symposium Proceedings, New York City, June 15, 1955.”
International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union. “Report of the Officers to the Thirteenth Biennial Convention.” April 6–7, 1959.
Litton Systems Inc. “Oceanborne Shipping: Demand and Technology Forecast.” Report for U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of the Secretary, June 1968.
Matson Research Corporation. “The Impact of Containerization on the U.S. Economy.” 2 vols. Report for U.S. Department of Commerce, September 1970.
McKinsey & Co. “Containerization: A 5-Year Balance Sheet.” 1972.
_. “Containerization: The Key to Low Cost Transport.” Report for British Transport Docks Board, June 1967.
McLean Industries Inc. Annual Reports.
Muncy, Dorothy. “Inventory of Port-Oriented Land: Baltimore Region.” Report for Maryland Economic Development Commission, Arlington, VA, 1963.
National Ports Council. Annual Digest of Port Statistics.
_. Container and Roll-On Port Statistics, Great Britain.
New York Shipping Association. “Progress Report 1959.”
Pacific Maritime Association and International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union. “Memorandum of Agreement on Mechanization and Modernization.” October 18, 1960.
Pan-Atlantic Steamship Corporation. “Summary of Post-World War II Coastwise Operations.” Mimeo, n.d.
Schott, John G. Piggyback and the Future of Freight Transportation. Washington, DC: Public Affairs Institute, 1960.
_. Progress in Piggyback and Containerization. Washington, DC: Public Affairs Institute, 1960.
Tantlinger, K. W. “U.S. Containerization: From the Beginning through Standardization.” Paper presented to the World Port Conference, Rotterdam, 1982.
Tobin, Austin J. “Transportation in the New York Metropolitan Region during the Next Twenty-five Years.” New York: Regional Plan Association, 1954.
Woodruff, G. C. “The Container Car as the Solution of the Less Than Carload Lot Problem.” Speech to Associated Industries of Massachusetts, October 23, 1929.
_. “Freight Container Service.” Speech to Traffic Club of New York, March 25, 1930.
Newspapers and Periodicals
Army Logistician
Baltimore Sun
Brooklyn Eagle
Business Week
Civil Engineering
Containerisation International Yearbook
Containers: Bulletin of the International Container Bureau
Fairplay International Shipping Journal
Jane’s Freight Containers
Journal of Commerce
Longshore News
Marine Engineering/Log
Newark Evening News
News and Observer (Raleigh)
New York
New York Herald Tribune
New York Times
New York World Telegram and Sun
Robesonian
Sealift
Interviews and Oral Histories
Bell, Peter. Interview by Debra Bernhardt, August 29, 1981. New Yorkers at Work Oral History Collection, Robert F. Wagner Labor Archive, New York Univ
ersity.
Boylston, John. Interview by Arthur Donovan and Andrew Gibson, December 7, 1998. Containerization Oral History Project, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Bulcke, Germain. “Longshore Leader and ILWU-Pacific Maritime Association Arbitrator.” Interviews by Estolv Ethan Ward, 1983. Berkeley: Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, 1984.
Campbell, Robert N. Author’s telephone interview, June 25, 1993.
Cox, John Parr. “Parr Terminal: Fifty Years of Industry on the Richmond Waterfront.” Interviews by Judith K. Dunning, 1986. Berkeley: Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, 1992.
Crowley, Thomas B. “Crowley Maritime Corporation: San Francisco Bay Tugboats to International Transportation Fleet.” Interviews by Miriam Feingold Stein, 1973–75. Berkeley: Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, 1983.
Cushing, Charles. Author’s interviews, New York, NY, April 7, 1993, and June 2, 1993.
Czachowski, Bernard. Author’s interview, New York, NY, January 24, 1992.
Francis, Amadeo. Author’s telephone interview, April 28, 2005.
Gleason, Thomas W. Author’s interview, New York, NY, September 29, 1992.
_. Interview by Debra Bernhardt, July 31, 1981. New Yorkers at Work Oral History Collection, Robert F. Wagner Labor Archive, New York University.
Goldblatt, Louis. “Working Class Leader in the ILWU, 1935–1977.” Interviews by Estolv Ethan Ward, 1977–78. Berkeley: Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, 1980.
Grey, Vincent. Author’s telephone interview, May 1, 2005.
Hall, Earl. Author’s telephone interview, May 12, 1993.
Harlander, Les. Author’s telephone interview, November 2, 2004.
_. Interview by Arthur Donovan and Andrew Gibson, June 19, 1997. Containerization Oral History Project, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Hayden, Frank. Author’s telephone interview, June 29, 2004.
Healey, Richard. Author’s telephone interview, January 9, 1994.
Hooper, Edwin B. “Reminiscences of Vice Admiral Edwin B. Hooper.” Annapolis: U.S. Naval Institute, 1978.
Hubbard, William. Author’s telephone interview, July 1, 1993.
Irvin, William D. “Reminiscences of Rear Admiral William D. Irvin.” Annapolis: U.S. Naval Institute, 1980.
Katims, Ron. Author’s interview, New York, NY, October 30, 1992.
_. Interview by Arthur Donovan and Andrew Gibson, August 15, 1997. Containerization Oral History Project, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Morrison, Scott. Interview by Arthur Donovan and Andrew Gibson, March 27, 1997. Containerization Oral History Project, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Nutter, Ben E. “The Port of Oakland: Modernization and Expansion of Shipping, Airport, and Real Estate Operations, 1957–1977.” Interview by Ann Lage, 1991. Berkeley: Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, 1994.
Ramage, Lawson P. “Reminiscences of Vice Admiral Lawson P. Ramage.” Annapolis: U.S. Naval Institute, 1970.
Richardson, Paul. Author’s interviews, Holmdel, NJ, January 14, 1992, and July 20, 1992.
Roger, Sidney. “A Liberal Journalist on the Air and on the Waterfront.” Interviews by Julie Shearer, 1989–90. Berkeley: Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, 1983.
Sayre, Cliff. Author’s telephone interview, January 24, 1992.
Schmidt, Henry. “Secondary Leadership in the ILWU, 1933–1966.” Interviews by Miriam F. Stein and Estolv Ethan Ward, 1974, 1975, 1981. Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, 1983.
Stickles, Milton J. Author’s telephone interview, June 1, 2004.
St. Sure, J. Paul. “Some Comments on Employer Organizations and Collective Bargaining in Northern California since 1934.” Interview by Corinne Gilb, 1957. Berkeley: Institute of Industrial Relations Oral History Project, University of California, 1957.
Tantlinger, Keith. Author’s interview, San Diego, CA, January 3, 1993.
Tolan, David J. Interview by Debra Bernhardt, August 1, 1980. New Yorkers at Work Oral History Collection, Robert F. Wagner Labor Archive, New York University.
Toomey, Gerald. Author’s interview, New York, NY, May 5, 1993.
Tozzoli, Guy F. Author’s interview, New York, NY, January 13, 2004.
Van Dyk, Dena. Author’s telephone interview, May 2, 1994.
Ward, William. ILWU Oral History Collection, viewed July 5, 2004, at http://www.ilwu.org/history/oral-histories/bill-ward.cfm.
Wriston, Walter. Author’s interview, New York, NY, June 30, 1992.
Younger, Ken. Author’s telephone interview, December 16, 1991.
Dissertations and Theses
Fitzgerald, Donald. “A History of Containerization in the California Maritime Industry: The Case of San Francisco.” Ph.D. diss., University of California at Santa Barbara, 1986.
Holcomb, Kenneth Johnson. “History, Description and Economic Analysis of Trailer-on-Flatcar (Piggyback) Transportation.” Ph.D. diss., University of Arkansas, 1962.
Rabach, Eileen Rhea. “By Sea: The Port Nexus in the Global Commodity Network (The Case of the West Coast Ports).” Ph.D. diss., University of Southern California, 2002.
Rosenstein, Mark. “The Rise of Maritime Containerization in the Port of Oakland, 1950–1970.” M.A. thesis, New York University, 2000.
Wallin, Theodore O. “The Development, Economics, and Impact of Technological Change in Transportation: The Case of Containerization.” Ph.D. diss., Cornell University, 1974.
Winter, Jennifer Marie. “Thirty Years of Collective Bargaining: Joseph Paul St. Sure, Management Labor Negotiator 1902–1966,” M.A. thesis, California State University at Sacramento, 1991.
Books
Albion, Robert Greenhalgh. The Rise of New York Port. New York: Scribner, 1939. Reprint, 1971.
Arnesen, Eric. Waterfront Workers of New Orleans: Race, Class, and Politics 1863–1923. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Aronowitz, Stanley. From the Ashes of the Old: American Labor and America’s Future. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.
Arthur, W. Brian. Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
Beckert, Sven. The Monied Metropolis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Bernstein, Peter L. Wedding of the Waters: The Erie Canal and the Making of a Great Nation. New York: Norton, 2005.
Borruey, René. Le port de Marseille: du dock au conteneur. Marseilles: Chambre de commerce et d’industrie Marseille-Provence, 1994.
Boschken, Herman L. Strategic Design and Organizational Change: Pacific Rim Seaports in Transition. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1988.
Bremer Ausschuß für Wirtschaftsforschung. Container Facilities and Traffic in 71 Ports of the World Midyear 1970. Bremen: University of Bremen, 1971.
Broeze, Frank. The Globalisation of the Oceans: Containerisation from the 1950s to the Present. St. John’s, NF, 2002.
Burke, Padraic. A History of the Port of Seattle. Seattle: Port of Seattle, 1976.
Cafruny, Alan W. Ruling the Waves: The Political Economy of International Shipping. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987.
Cannato, Vincent J. John Lindsay and His Struggle to Save New York. New York: Basic Books, 2001.
Caro, Robert A. The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. New York: Knopf, 1974.
Chandler, Alfred D., Jr. The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977.
Chinitz, Benjamin. Freight and the Metropolis: The Impact of America’s Transport Revolution on the New York Region. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Pre
ss, 1960.
Condit, Carl W. The Port of New York. 2 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980–81.
Cronon, William. Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: Norton, 1991.
Davies, Sam., et al., eds. Dock Workers: International Explorations in Comparative Labour History. 2 vols. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishers, 2000.
DiFazio, William. Longshoremen: Community and Resistance on the Brooklyn Waterfront. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey, 1985.
Dockers de la Méditerranée à la Mer du Nord. Avignon: ÉDISUD, 1999.
Doig, Jameson W. Empire on the Hudson: Entrepreneurial Vision and Political Power at the Port of New York Authority. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.
Duncan, Beverly, and Stanley Lieberson. Metropolis and Region in Transition. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1970.
Elphick, Peter. Liberty: The Ships That Won the War. London: Chatham Publishing, 2001.
Erie, Steven P. Globalizing L.A.: Trade, Infrastructure, and Regional Development. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.
Fairley Lincoln. Facing Mechanization: The West Coast Longshore Plan. Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles Institute of Industrial Relations, 1979.
Finlay, William. Work on the Waterfront: Worker Power and Technological Change in a West Coast Port. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988.
Fishlow, Albert. American Railroads and the Transformation of the Antebellum Economy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.
Flynn, Stephen E. America the Vulnerable: How the U.S. Has Failed to Secure the Homeland and Protect Its People from Terror. New York: Harper Collins, 2004.
Fogel, Robert William. Railroads and American Economic Development. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1964.
Freeman, Joshua. Working-Class New York. New York: New Press, 2000.
Fujita, Masahisa, Paul Krugman, and Anthony J. Venables. The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and International Trade. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.