The Bletchley Park Codebreakers
Page 59
Christopher Andrew is Professor of Modern and Contemporary History at Cambridge University, Chair of the History Faculty, Fellow and President of Corpus Christi College, Official Historian of MI5 and former Visiting Professor at Harvard, Toronto and the Australian National University. He is also Chair of the British Intelligence Study Group, founding co-editor of Intelligence and National Security and a regular presenter on BBC Radio Four, which has broadcast 14 series of his What If? His latest book is The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5.
Keith Batey was recruited to Bletchley Park by Gordon Welchman after completing his Maths Tripos at Cambridge in June 1940, and worked in Hut 6 until transferring to ISK in November 1941. After the war he joined the Dominions Office, moving to the Ministry of Supply in 1951. He was appointed Secretary of the Oxford University Chest in July 1964, and became Treasurer of Christ Church, Oxford, in April 1972. He retired in 1986 and died in August 2010, aged 91.
Mavis Batey (née Lever) joined Bletchley Park in May 1940, when she was nineteen, after breaking off German studies at University College, London. She worked with the famous codebreaker Dilly Knox, initially on Italian naval Enigma messages and later on German Abwehr Enigma traffic. An historian of landscape and literature, her books include Arcadian Thames, The Historic Gardens of Oxford and Cambridge, Jane Austen and the English Landscape and Alexander Pope: the Poet and the Landscape. Her latest book, an affectionate biography of Knox, is Dilly: The Man Who Broke Enigmas.
Stephen Budiansky is the author of Battle of Wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II.
John Chadwick was educated at St Paul’s School and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he read classics. During the war, he served in the Royal Navy as a codebreaker in the Middle East and as a Japanese translator at Bietchley Park. His most famous book is The Decipherment of Linear B, an account of how he and Michael Ventris unravelled the ancient Minoan script. He was Perceval Maitland Laurence Reader in Classics, University of Cambridge, and an Honorary Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge. He died in December 1998, aged 78.
Jack Copeland is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, and Director of the Turing Archive for the History of Computing. He works in mathematical and philosophical logic, cognitive science, and the history and foundations of computing. He received his D.Phil. in mathematical logic from the University of Oxford and was on the faculty of universities in Australia and the United Kingdom before joining UC. He has been a visiting professor at the universities of Sydney, Aarhus, and Melbourne, and a senior fellow of the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His books include Artificial Intelligence, The Essential Turing, Alan Turing’s Automatic Computing Engine, and Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park’s Codebreaking Computers. He is founding editor of The Rutherford Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, and serves on the editorial boards of various philosophical journals. In June 2004, the 50th anniversary of Alan Turing’s death, he delivered the first annual Turing Memorial Lecture at Bletchley Park National Museum and lectured at the Royal Institution of London on Turing as Pioneer of the Information Age.
John Cripps is a retired solicitor who studied Balkan history as a mature student at Southampton University. He was awarded a Ph.D. by Southampton in 2003, the subject of his thesis being ‘The British, Signals Intelligence and the War and Civil War in Yugoslavia 1941–1944’.
Philip H. J. Davies is Director and a founding member of the Brunel Centre for Intelligence and Security Studies (BCISS), the UK’s first academic research centre dedicated to scholarship on intelligence policy and institutions. His research focuses on the organisation and management of intelligence institutions, in which capacity he has published on the organisation and status of the UK’s Secret Intelligence Service, the Joint Air Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre (JARIC), Government Communications Headquarters and the Joint Intelligence Organisation in the Cabinet Office. He recently headed BCISS’s role as a formal partner with Defence Intelligence and the Ministry of Defence Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre in producing the latest iteration of British joint military intelligence doctrine (JDP 2-00 Intelligence) and developing a new capstone joint doctrine on understanding (JDP 04 Understanding). His most recent research has been concerned with the comparative study of intelligence and he has just completed a two-volume comparative study of national intelligence in Britain and the United States which is forthcoming from Praeger in 2011.
Ralph Erskine is a retired lawyer, and a member of the editorial boards of Cryptologia and the Journal of Intelligence History. His research interest is Sigint in the Second World War, on which he has published extensively in journals such as Annals of the History of Computing, Cryptologia and Intelligence and National Security.
Hugh Foss was born in Kobe, Japan, where his father was a missionary bishop. He was educated at Marlborough and Christ’s College, Cambridge. He joined GC&CS in December 1924, and was head of the Japanese Naval Section (Hut 7) in 1942 and 1943. He retired from GCHQ in 1953, and died in December 1971, aged 69.
Rolf Noskwith was born in Germany in 1919 and came to England with his parents in 1932. He was educated at Nottingham High School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he read mathematics. He worked at Bletchley Park on the German naval Enigma traffic from 1941 to 1945 and subsequently on other ciphers. In 1946 he joined Charnos (latterly Charnos plc), a well-known textile company founded by his father. From 1952 – 2002 he was Chairman of the company.
Michael Smith is defence correspondent of the Sunday Times. He served with the Intelligence Corps, working with GCHQ, and is a member of the Bletchley Park Trust. His books include Station X: The Codebreakers of Bletchley Park, Foley: The Spy Who Saved 10,000 Jews, The Emperor’s Codes: Bletchley Park and the Breaking of Japan’s Secret Ciphers and Six: A History of Britain’s Secret Intelligence Service Pt 1 Murder and Mayhem 1909-1939.
Edward H. Simpson graduated in mathematics at Queen’s University, Belfast. After leaving GC&CS at the end of the war, he became a research student in mathematical statistics with Maurice Bartlett at Cambridge, a period which led him to devise the concepts named (by others) as Simpson’s Paradox and Simpson’s Index of Diversity. He joined the administrative Civil Service in 1947, working in the Ministry of Education, the Treasury and the Civil Service Department, was a Commonwealth Fund Fellow in the US and Private Secretary to Lord Hailsham, then Lord President of the Council. He retired in 1982 as a Deputy Secretary. He has been a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society since 1946.
Derek Taunt was educated at Enfield Grammar School and the City of London School, entering Jesus College, Cambridge, to read Mathematics in 1936. After graduating in 1939, he spent the war years in various backrooms, notably Hut 6 at Bletchley Park from August 1941 until VE Day. After returning to Cambridge as a research student in 1945, he won a Smith’s Prize in 1947 and was a university lecturer from 1949 (with the honorific title of ‘Cayley Lecturer’ from 1965 until retirement in 1982). As a fellow of Jesus College he was at various times a director of studies, tutor, bursar and, from 1979 to 1982, President. He died in July 2004, aged 86.
James W. Thirsk (known as Jimmy at Bletchley Park) was born at Hull in 1914. He was a librarian (FLA) before and after the Second World War, retiring in 1974. During the war he served in the King’s Own Royal Regiment the Royal Artillery (Maritime Regiment) and, from 1942, as a company sergeant-major in the Intelligence Corps, working as a traffic analyst in Sixta (attached to Hut 6 at Bletchley). He is the author of Bletchley Park: An Inmate’s Story (Galago Books, 2008) and is married to Dr Joan Thirsk (née Watkins) who was an ATS subaltern in the Fusion Room at Bletchley, analysing the contents of German messages.
Shaun Wylie was at Bletchley Park from 1941 to 1945. He then took a Fellowship at Trinity Hall and became a lecturer in Mathematics at Cambridge University. In 1958 he went to become chief mathematician
at GCHQ. After retiring in 1973 he taught for seven years at the Hills Road Sixth Form College in Cambridge. He died in October 2009, aged 96.
INDEX
Abbottabad 1, 2
Abdication Crisis (1936) 1
Abyssinia 1, 2
Adana 1
Adcock, Sir Frank 1, 2
additives 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Admiralty 1, 2, 3, 4 Haldane Committee 1
Naval Intelligence
Division 1
Research Laboratory 1
Aegir see Pike
Aelbert, Herr 1, 2
Aeroplane (periodical) 1
Afghanistan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
AI1e 1
Aiken, Howard 1
Air Intelligence 1, 2
Air Ministry 1, 2
Aitken, Dr James 1
Akin, Colonel Spencer 1
Alan, A. J. see Lambert, Leslie
Albania 1
Aldford House 1
Alexander, General Harold 1, 2
Alexander, Hugh 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
Alexandria 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Allen, Maurice 1
All-Russian Co-operative Society (ARCOS) 1, 2
Amè, General Cesare 1
American Communist Party 1
American Cryptogram Association 1
Anderson, HMS 1, 2
angoo-ki taipu a, see Red (Japanese)
angoo-ki taipu b, see Purple
Anschluss, 1
Arab nationalism 1
Archer, Philip 1
Arctic 1
Ardennes offensive 1
Argentina 1
Arlington Hall 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Army Intelligence Corps 1
Artificial Intelligence 1, 2
Ashcroft, Michael 1, 2
Astor, Hugh 1, 2
AT&T 1
Athens 1, 2
Atlantic, Battle of the 1, 2
Attlee, Clement 1
Auchinleck, Field-Marshal Claude 1
Augarde, Brian 1
Ausserheimisch see Pike
Australia 1, 2, 3 Central Bureau 1
Defence Signals Bureau 1
Navy 1, 2
Special Intelligence Bureau 1
Autoscritcher 1
Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Ayios Nikolaos (Cyprus) 1
Azerbaijan crisis (1946) 1
B.B., Mrs 1
Babbage, Charles 1, 2, 3
Babbage, Dennis 1, 2, 3
‘Bach’ tables 1
Backhouse, W. Stanley 1, 2, 3
Baghdad 1, 2, 3
Bailey, Colonel Bill 1, 2
Baldwin, Stanley 1, 2
Baltic 1, 2
Banburismus 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Bandung Technical College 1
Bangalore 1
Bangkok 1
Banister, Michael 1, 2
Banister list see b-lists
Barbarossa, Operation 1, 2, 3, 4
Barham, Neil 1
Bari 1
Barrackpore 1
Bateman, Colonel 1
Batey, Keith 1, 2, 3, 4,
Batey, Mavis see Lever, Mavis
Baux, Dr 1, 2
Bax, Lieutenant Rodney 1
Bayes’ Theorem 1, 2, 3
B-bars 1
‘beam’ radio bombing system 1
Bearce, Herrick (‘Frank’) 1
Beardall, Captain John R. 1
Beaumanor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Beetroot 1
Belfield, Lieutenant-Commander 1, 2, 3, 4
Belgrade 1
Bell Laboratories 1
Benedict Network 1
Bennett, Ralph 1, 2, 3
Benson, Peter 1
Berchtesgaden 1
Bertok see Seahorse
Bertrand, Colonel Gustave 1, 2, 3, 4
Big Bobs, 1
bigram tables 1, 2, 3, 4
biological warfare 1
Birch, Frank 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 A History of British Signals Intelligence 1
Alice in ID25 1, 2, 3
Bizerta 1
BJs 1, 2, 3, 4
Black Sea 1
blackout, on Shark 1
Blandy, Group Captain L. R 1, 2
Bletchley Park Assembly Hall 1
BBC documentary 1
Block C 1, 2, 3
Block F 1
Block G 1
card sorting and
tabulation 1,
also see Freeborn
Control 1
Cottage 1, 2, 3
electric power 1
Elmer’s School 1, 2, 3
Hut 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
Hut 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Hut 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Fusion Room 1, 2, 3, 4
Sixta 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Hut 7 1, 2, 3, 4
Hut 8 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Hut 10 1, 2, 3, 4
Hut 11 1, 2
Hut 11A 1
informality 1
Japanese air intelligence 1
Japanese military section 1, 2, 3
Japanese naval section 1, 2
morale 1
Processing Party 1, 2, 3
production-line methods 1
Qwatch 1
recruitment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Registration Room 1
Station X 1
success rate 1, 2
US staff at 1
b-lists 1, 2
Blue 1
blue jacket decrypts see BJs
Blunt, Anthony 1, 2
Bodsworth, Wilfred (‘Boddy’) 1
Bodyguard, Operation 1
Boer War 1
bombe 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Agnus/Agnes 1
American 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
CSKO 1
described 1, 2, 3
Fünf 1
invention 1
performance 1
Polish bomba 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
stops 1
supply 1, 2
Victory 1, 2
Bomber Command 1
Boniface 1, 2, 3
Bonito 1
book ciphers 1
Bosnia 1, 2, 3
Bousfield, Captain 1
Bovril 1
Bradley, General Omar 1
Brake (re-fuelling tender) 1
Brazil 1, 2, 3
Bridges, Sir Edward 1
Brisbane 1
British Tabulating Machine Company 1, 2, 3
British United States Agreement (BRUSA) 1, 2, 3, 4
Brize Norton 1
Brook, Sir Norman 1
Brown 1, 2, 3
Brown, Captain Harold 1
Brown, Tommy 1
Brownell report 1
Broz, Josip see Tito
Brutus 1
bugging 1, 2
BULBUL 1
Bulgaria 1
Bulgarin, Marshal 1
Bundy, Captain Bill 1, 2
Bundy, McGeorge 1
Burma Railroad 1
Bush, George 1
Bush, Vannevar 1
Butler, Colonel D. A. 1, 2
buttoning up 1, 2
Cabell, General Charles 1
cable companies 1
Cadogan, Sir Alexander 1
Cairncross, John 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Cairo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Calcutta 1
call signs 1
Cambridge University spy ring 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Canada 1, 2
Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm 1
Canberra 1
Cape Verde Islands 1
Carroll, Lewis 1
Cassels, Ian 1, 2, 3, 4
Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge 1
Cavite 1
Central Bureau 1, 2
Central Party see MI8
Central Signals Establishment 1
Ceylon 1, 2, 3
Chadwick, John 1, 2
chain 1, 2, 3
Chamberlain, Sir Austen 1, 2
Charlotte Schliemann (tanker) 1
chat 1
Château de Vignolles 1
Chatham 1, 2, 3
Cheadle 1, 2
chemical warfare 1
Cherat 1
chess 1, 2, 3, 4
Chicksands 1, 2, 3
Chile 1
China 1, 2, 3, 4
Chislehurst 1
Cholmondeley, Charles 1
Churchill, Winston ‘Action This Day’ 1
American neutrality 1
Anglo-American co-operation 1, 2, 3, 4
appeal to 1
Bletchley staff 1
Boniface 1
Chancellor 1
deception 1
Eisenhower and 1
First Lord 1, 2
memoirs 1, 2
‘perfidy and treachery’ 1
Soviet Union 1
Ultra 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
visits Bletchley 1
World Crisis 1, 2
Yugoslavia 1
Ciano, Count 1
Ciezki, Major Maksymilian 1
Cifrario Libia 1, 2
Cifrario Mengarini 1
cillies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Clarke, Colonel Carter 1
Clarke, Joan 1, 2, 3
Clarke, William (‘Nobby’) 1, 2, 3
Clyde, HMS (submarine) 1
Cocks, Clifford 1
Codebreakers (book) 1, 2
Codfish 1
Cold War 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Coleman, John 1, 2, 3
Colombo 1, 2, 3 Anderson Golf Club 1
Pembroke College 1
Colossus see computers
combinations 1, 2
Comilla 1, 2
Comint 1
Comintern see Soviet Union
Communications Electronics Security Group 1
Communist Party of Great Britain 1, 2
computers 1, 2 ACE 1
Bendix G15 1
Bush’s Differential Analyser 1
Colossus 1, 2, 3, 4
Cray 1
DEUCE 1
development 1
Dragon 1
EDVAC 1, 2, 3
ENIAC 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Heath Robinson 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
IAS 1
IBM 1, 2, 3
internet 1
Manchester Baby 1, 2
Manchester Mark 1 2, 3