The War That Killed Achilles

by Caroline Alexander

  Helen’s identification of ,

  Hera as champion of

  morale bolstering of

  names used for

  Poseidon’s inspiring of

  postwar fates of

  raids of

  size of force of

  use of term

  war won by

  Zeus’ turning of battle against

  see also Mycenae, Mycenaeans, Mycenaean world; specific Achaeans

  Achilles , xiv-xvii,

  Agamemnon’s offer of gifts to

  Agamemnon’s quarrels with , xvi,

  Aineias’ genealogy related to

  Aineias rescued from

  Amazon queen and,

  Andromache’s family and

  anger of,

  Apollo chased by

  Apollo compared with,

  aristeía of

  arming of

  armor of, see armor of Achilles

  Athene’s appearance to

  authority of

  beauty of

  birthright of

  Briseis taken from,

  childhood of

  death of

  diminishment as hero

  Embassy to, see Embassy to Achilles

  emergence as hero

  Enkidu compared with,

  epithets for

  family origins of

  flame around head of,

  as folk hero

  funeral games and

  ghost of

  grief of,

  in Hades,

  hair cut by

  healing arts and

  Hektor and, see subheadings under Hektor

  Helen and,

  historic-mythic thematic convergence and

  homosexual speculations about,

  honor of ,

  horses of

  Iris as messenger to

  late-stage entry to epic of

  leadership of

  as loner and outsider

  lyre playing of

  meaning of name of,

  military service challenged by

  mortality of

  Myrmidons led by,

  Odysseus’ quarrel with

  Patroklos as scapegoat for

  Patroklos’ ghost and

  Patroklos’ relationship with

  Patroklos’ use of armor of

  Priam’s meeting with

  return to war of

  ritual goblet of

  similes used by

  Skamandros River battle of ,

  son of; see also Neoptolemos

  spear of,

  Thersites hated by

  Thersites killed by,

  Thetis called upon by

  Thetis’ hiding of

  Thetis’ tempering of

  tragedy of

  tumulus of(map)

  use of name

  war trauma and

  withdrawal from war of ,

  Achilles’ heel (ankle),

  Acts of Andrew

  Admetos,

  Adrestos

  Aegean Sea(map)

  aegis,

  Aeneid (Virgil)

  Aeolians,

  evolution of epic and,

  use of term

  Aeolis

  Aeschines,

  Aeschylus,

  Aethiopis (epic),

  Antilochos in.

  first, lost, transitional lines of

  Memnon’s armor in

  Odysseus-Aias quarrel in

  Aetolia

  Africa, “leopard men” of,

  Agamemnon, king of Mycenae ,

  Achaeans tested by

  Achilles’ instinct to kill

  Achilles offered gifts by

  Achilles’ quarrels with , xvi,

  arming of

  assemblies called by

  authority of

  Briseis confiscated by ,

  Chryseis as war prize of

  Chryses threatened by

  as commander in chief

  delusional dream sent to

  Diomedes’ taking issue with

  emergency council of the princes convened by

  epithets of

  failed campaign to region by ,

  first appearance of

  at funeral games

  ghost of

  Hektor’s corpse and

  Helen’s identification of

  homecoming of

  paired brothers motif and,

  plunder of

  ransom rejected by

  sacrifice by

  scepter of

  shield of,

  Thersites’ attack on

  as unfit to command,

  wounding of

  Agenor

  Ahhiyawa

  Aiakos,

  Aias, Telamonian ,

  in Embassy to Achilles

  Hektor wounded by

  Odysseus’ quarrel with

  Patroklos’ corpse and

  ships defended by

  suicide of

  Aias (son of Oïleus) ,

  Aidoneus

  Aigina,

  Aineias

  Achilles’ return encounter with

  divine rescue of,

  origins and destiny of,

  Aithe

  Akkadian epic,

  Aktor,

  Alaksandu of Wilusa,

  Alcaeus,

  Alcmeonis,

  Alexander the Great, xiv,

  Alexandros:

  use of name,

  see also Paris

  Ali, Ayaan Hirsi,

  Ali, Muhammad

  Alkimos

  Altes

  Amphiaraus

  Amphidamas,

  Anat,

  Anatolia (now Turkey)(map)

  Bronze Age alliances in,

  Etruscan origins in

  fugitive exiles in,

  Luwians in

  Mycenaean interference in,

  Mycenaeans on coast of

  Anchises,

  Andromache, xiii,

  Hektor’s death and

  military directives given by

  on Neoptolemos

  postwar fate of,

  Angel of Mons

  “Another Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries” (MacDiarmid) ,

  Antenor

  Antilochos,

  at funeral games

  Antimachos,

  ants

  Aphrodite,

  Aineias rescued by,

  divine deceptions and ,

  Helen’s confrontation with

  Helen’s recognition of

  Judgment of Paris and

  origins of,

  Paris desired by

  Paris whisked away by,

  wounding of

  Apollo,

  Achilles’ death and ,

  Achilles hated by,

  aegis of

  Agenor and

  Chryses as priest of

  civilized virtues of

  as guardian of Troy ,

  Hektor aided by

  Niobe’s children and

  offerings to

  origins of,

  Patroklos’ death and

  plague sent by

  Sarpedon’s death and

  Thetis’ marriage and,

  Apollodorus,

  Arcadia,

  archaeology,

  in Lesbos,

  of Mycenaean world,

  at Troy,

  Archaic Age,

  Archilochus,

  Arctinus of Miletus

  Ares,

  origins of

  shunning of

  wounding of

  argeiphóntēs (slayer of Argos)

  Argives, use of term

  Argolid,

  Argos(map),

  Aristarchus

  aristeía

  of Achilles

  of Agamemnon

  of Diomedes

  of Patroklos

  Aristotle

  arming scenes

  armor

&nbs
p; cremation and,

  of Hektor

  magic

  of Patroklos,

  stripping of,

  armor of Achilles

  Hektor’s taking of

  Hephaistos’ making of ,

  Odysseus-Aias quarrel over

  Patroklos’ use of ,

  army, testing of,

  by Agamemnon

  Artemis

  Asklepios,

  Assyrian siege machines,

  Astyanax,

  as better than his father

  death of,

  Hektor’s death and

  postwar fate of,

  Astynoös

  Athene

  Achilles fed by

  aegis of

  Aphrodite mocked by

  birth of,

  Diomedes aided by

  epithets of,

  intervention in war by

  Judgment of Paris and

  prototype of

  Trojan women’s offering to

  in wounding of Ares

  Athens,

  athletic contests, see funeral games

  Atreides

  audience of Homer ,

  Achilles’ shield and

  allusions recognized by

  battlefield carnage and

  Catalogue of Ships and,

  death and

  depiction of divinity and

  description of,

  disparagement of Paris and

  Eumelos known to

  expectations of

  Iliad’s memory lapses and

  king unworthy of command and

  modern

  near-death misses and,

  opening lines and

  Zeus-Hera pact and

  Aulis

  authority

  of Agamemnon

  of Nestor

  scepter of the assembly and

  of Zeus

  Automedon

  Axylos

  Ba’al

  Babylonian creation epic,

  Balios

  bathing,

  battle joy,

  beauty, goddesses’ dispute about

  beauty contest, see Judgment of Paris

  Bellerophontes,

  berserk state

  Bible

  Black Sea,

  Boiotia, Boiotians(map) ,

  Boros,

  Bosporus

  boundaries, Hermes’ identification with

  Briareus,

  Briseis

  Agamemnon’s confiscation of

  Patroklos’ death and

  Bronze Age,

  athletic contests in,

  Catalogue of Ships and,

  funerals in

  metalworker status in

  metalwork of,

  treatment of fugitive exiles in,

  treatment of war injuries in,

  Bronze Age Greeks, see Achaeans; Argives; Danaans; Mycenae, Mycenaeans, Mycenaean world

  burials,

  at Lefkandi,

  see also funerals; graves

  Byzantium

  cannibals, cannibalism,

  Catalogue of Ships

  weight of contingents in,

  catalogue poetry,

  Catullus

  cemeteries(map)

  Chapman, George

  chariots,

  of Achilles

  divine

  of Priam

  race of

  Charis

  Cheiron

  Peleus’ spear from,

  children:

  sacrifice of,

  tempering of

  Christmas Truce

  Chryseis

  return of

  Chryses

  Agamemnon’s threat to

  Cicero

  city-states,

  Clytemnestra

  colonization

  concubines,

  courage

  cows,

  Hera associated with,

  cremation,

  Crete(map),

  Cyclops,

  Cynossema

  Cypria (epic),

  Achilles-Agamemnon quarrel in

  Achilles-Troilos relationship in ,

  catalogue of Trojan allies in,

  Patroklos in,

  Cyprus (Kypros),

  Daedalus, nephew of,

  Danaans.

  Dardanelles, see Hellespont

  Dardanians, xix,

  see also Trojans, Troy

  Dares of Phrygia

  Dark (Iron) Age,

  funerals and burials of ,

  hero cults and.

  metalworker status in

  metalwork of,

  scenes of life from,

  Daughter of the Sun

  Dawn Goddess, Indo-European,

  Death

  death and dying

  of Achaeans vs. Trojans

  boundaries and

  darkening of vision and

  divine rescue from ,

  fates worse than

  in Iliad vs. conventional heroic sagas

  magic and,

  mutilation after,

  ransom vs.

  terminology for,

  transcendence of,

  of wounded,

  see also specific heroes

  Deception of Zeus

  Deidameia

  Deïphobos

  Demeter,

  Demetrius of Scepsis,

  demigods:

  divine rescue of,

  vulnerability of

  Demodokos,

  Dictys of Crete

  Diomede,

  Diomedes, king of Argos ,

  Achilles compared with

  Agamemnon confronted by

  Aineias rescued from

  Aphrodite attacked by

  aristeía of

  armor of

  Athene’s aid to

  cults of

  delayed homecoming of,

  in Doloneia

  family history of

  in funeral games

  Glaukos’ interlude with

  nocturnal mission to Trojan camp of

  Paris’ wounding of,

  in Skyros

  Dione

  Dionysos

  Diòs apátē, see Deception of Zeus

  divine intervention

  Agamemnon’s delusional dream as

  Agenor and

  Apollo’s plague as

  of Athene, see Athene, intervention in war by

  Hektor’s corpse and

  of Hephaistos

  of Hermes

  Patroklos’ wounding and

  of Poseidon

  Zeus’ forbidding of

  Zeus’ revoking of command against

  divine rescue

  of Agenor

  of Aineias,

  depicted on Cyprian bowl,

  of Hektor

  of Paris,

  DNA.

  Dodecanese Islands,

  dogs, dog imagery

  Dolon,

  Doloneia,

  dreams

  Achilles’ dream of Patroklos

  Agamemnon’s delusional

  Drimios

  duel, Paris-Menelaos

  Aphrodite’s intervention in ,

  oath taking and

  winner of

  duty

  Dzhangariada

  earrings,

  Ecclesiasticus

  Echepolos

  Eëtion

  Egypt, Egyptians:

  in Battle of Kadesh,

  Helen in,

  Elēon,

  Embassy to Achilles

  innovative elements in,

  Meleager evoked in ,

  members of

  Patroklos’ greeting of

  England

  English translation

  Enkidu,

  Enyalios

  Eos,

  Epeians

  Epeigeus

  Epeios

  epic:

  Achilles’ origins outside of
tradition of

  evolution of,

  genre limitations of

  hero cults and,

  Homer’s new direction for ,

  see also specific epics

  Epic of Manas

  “Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries” (Housman)

  Erinyes,

  Etruscans,

  Euboia,

  Eumelos,

  Euphorbos

  Euripides,

  Eurynome

  Eurypylos

  Eurystheus,

  Eurytion.

  Ewings, John,

  exile, of sons by their fathers,

  exile and sanctuary theme

  fame

  fathers:

  functions of stories about,

  sons exiled by,

  superiority to

  fertility goddess, in Helen’s origins ,

  fire, firebrands,

  around Achaean ships

  around Achilles’ head,

  Hephaistos as

  in Meleager legend,

  in Patroklos’ cremation

  in tempering of children

  flyting,

  folklore

  Achilles and

  sea creatures in

  food

  friends, guest

  funeral games,

  political implications of,

  funerals,

  Gallipoli campaign

  genealogies, exchange of,

  Germany

  gifts

  Agamemnon’s offer of

  to Peleus,

  see also ransom

  Gilgamesh, epic of,

  Glaukos,

  death of

  Sarpedon’s death and

  glory

  of Achilles ,

  of Hektor

  of Peleus

  reverse side of

  gods and goddesses

  anger and withdrawal of,

  deceptions of,

  disguises of

  nature of

  nature of mortals’ relationship with

  Trojan War as spectacle of

  see also divine intervention; divine rescue; specific gods and goddesses

  Gorgon

  graves

  Mycenaean,

  Great Britain

  Greek classical age, knowledge of Iliad in

  Greek names, note about orthography of

  Greeks, Bronze Age, see Achaeans; Argives; Danaans; Mycenae, Mycenaeans, Mycenaean world

  Greek studies, Roman curriculum of

  guest friends

  Hades (Underworld),

  Aiakos in

  Hermes in

  in Odyssey,

  Priam’s symbolic journey to ,

  Haditha, U.S. Marine rampage in ,

  hair cutting

  Hall, Arthur

  hapiru (semi-autonomous bands of freebooters),

  Hattusa (now Boǧazköy)

  Hattusili III, Hittite king

  healing

  hecatombs,

  Hekabe

  Hektor’s death and

  postwar fate of,

  Hektor , xv,

  Achilles’ armor taken by

  Achilles’ dragging of

  Achilles’ post-return encounter with

  Achilles’ refusal to bury

  Achilles’ showdown with

  Andromache’s meeting with

  Apollo’s aid to

  arrival at ships of

  charioteer of

  death of , xiii, xix,

  epithet of

  etymology of name of,

  false beliefs of

  flight of

  funeral of

  glory of

  as heroic defender,