The Reluctant Taoiseach
Page 72
108. 14 December 1956, Government statement, NAI, S 11564 C.
109. IT, 15 December 1956.
110. SI, 16 December 1956.
111. Bell, J. Bowyer, The Secret Army, p. 300.
112. 17 December 1956, Taft to Secretary of State, USNA, RG 84, Dublin Legation Security Segregated Records, Box 23, 350: IRA, Partition.
113. 21 December 1956, LaFreniere to Secretary of State, USNA, RG 84, Dublin Legation Security Segregated Records, Box 23, 350: IRA, Partition.
114. 19 December 1956, extract from Hansard, in NAI, S 11564 D.
115. 21 December 1956, La Freniere to Secretary of State, reporting Taft’s conversation with Costello, USNA, RG 84, Dublin Embassy Security Segregated Records, Box 23, 350: IRA, Partition.
116. 24 December 1956, Aide-memoire to British Government, JACP, P190/763.
117. 29 January 1957, Minister for External Affairs memorandum for the Government, UCDA, P151/531. The memorandum is wrongly dated January 1956, but refers to newspaper reports from December 1956, so obviously was written in January 1957.
118. Staunton, Enda, The Nationalists of Northern Ireland, p. 216.
119. 13 February 1957, H.J.B. Lintott, CRO, to Clutterbuck, TNA, DO 35/5195.
120. 2 February 1957, Cabinet minutes, NAI, S 9361 F.
121. 3 June 1957, David Cole, CRO, to Philip de Zuletta, Downing Street, TNA, PREM 1/1901.
122. 16 April 1957, Taoiseach memo for government, NAI, S 16220.
123. 17 July 1957, handwritten note by Macmillan, TNA, PREM 11/1901.
124. 18 December 1956, Costello to McQuillan, JACP, P190/837.
125. II, 31 December 1956.
126. II, 2 January 1957
127. Kennedy, Division and Consensus, p. 163.
128. Currie, Austin, All Hell Will Break Loose, p. 32.
129. 3 January 1957, McQuillan and Finnucane telegram to Costello, NAI, S 11564 D.
130. II, 3 January 1957.
131. 4 January 1957, Costello to McQuillan and Finucane, NAI, S 11564D.
132. 21 January 1957, Costello to Pearse Morris, JACP, P190/825.
133. 6 January 1957, text of broadcast, JACP, P190/683.
134. 7 January 1957, Ambassador to Secretary, NAI, S 11564 D.
135. 8 February 1957, Costello to Michael Heffernan, JACP, P190/838.
136. Interview with Richie Ryan.
137. See Bell, p. 300; Kennedy, Division and Consensus, pp 163/4, and Feeney, Brian, Sinn Féin, p. 205.
138. 3 March 1957, Athlone speech, JACP, P190/310.
139. 19 March 1957, Carroll to Secretary, D/J, JACP, P190/708.
140. Edmonds, introduction and p. 196.
141. NAI, 2001/6/244.
142. Feeney, Sinn Féin, p. 208.
143. 14 January 1957, interview with Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, JACP, P190/687.
144. Horgan, Lemass, p. 173.
145. 16 January 1957, Costello to Breen, JACP, P190/838.
146. Bell, p. 303; Rafter, p. 172.
147. 28 January 1957, notice of motion, NAI, S 16170.
148. 30 January 1957, MacBride statement, UCDA, P104/1528.
149. 26 January 1957 (the document may be incorrectly dated), Ard Comhairle statement, NAI, S 16170
150. Stanford, William Bedell, Memoirs, p. 145.
151. 8 February 1957, Costello to MacBride, JACP, P190/838.
152. 31 January 1957, Clutterbuck to CRO, TNA, DO 35/5195.
153. Dillon memoir, p. 82, quoted in Manning, p. 311.
154. 2 July 1956, Finucane to Costello, JACP, P190/724.
155. Notes on Dáil numbers, NAI, S 16170.
156. 29 January 1957, notice of motion by de Valera, NAI, S 16170.
157. 18 February 1957, Clutterbuck to Lord Home, TNA, DO 35/5195.
158. 4 February 1957, GIB statement, NAI, S 16170.
159. 6 February 1957, Ard Fheis speech, JACP, P190/758.
160. 13 February 1957, H.J.B. Lintott, CRO, to Clutterbuck, TNA, DO 35/5195.
161. 9 November 1956, Government decision; 4 January 1957, M/F memo for Government; 24 January 1957, Government decision, NAI, S 16075 A.
162. 15 February 1957, Cork speech, JACP, P190/310.
163. IP, 25 February 1957.
164. 14 March 1957, Costello to Courtney, JACP, P190/838.
165. 15 February 1957, Cork speech, JACP, P190/310.
166. 13 February 1957, Mills Hall speech, JACP, P190/310.
167. 22 February 1957, Ballyshannon speech, JACP, P190/310.
168. IP, 19 February 1957.
169. IP, 26 February 1957.
170. IP, 16 February 1957.
171. 20 February 1957, Mallow speech, reproduced in Ferriter, Diarmaid, Judging Dev, p. 119.
172. 22 February 1957, Ballyshannon speech, JACP, P190/310.
173. IP, 26 February 1957.
174. 27 February 1957, Tralee speech, JACP, P190/310.
175. 2 March 1957, Galway speech, JACP, P190/310.
176. IP, 14 February 1957.
177. 15 February 1957, Cork speech, JACP, P190/310.
178. 19 February 1957, Ringsend speech, JACP, P190/310.
179. 22 February 1957, Costello to Michael MacWhite, JACP, P190/838.
180. 1 March 1957, radio broadcast, JACP, P190/310.
181. Horgan, Browne, p. 187.
182. 23 March 1957, Clutterbuck to Home, TNA, DO 35/5195.
183. The Leader, 16 March 1957.
184. Lindsay, pp 171/2.
185. 11 March 1957, Costello to McQuaid, DDA, McQuaid Papers, AB8/b/XVIII—Government; Mr John A. Costello (second coalition period), 1954–7.
186. 14 March 1957, Costello to Professor Desmond Williams, JACP, P190/838.
187. 15 March 1957, Costello to McQuaid, DDA, McQuaid Papers, AB8/b/XVIII—Government; Mr John A. Costello (second coalition period), 1954–7.
188. DÉD, 20 March 1957, Vol 161, Cols. 17/8 and 26.
189. DÉD, 20 March 1957, Vol. 161, Cols. 30 and 32.
190. 14 March 1957, Costello to Professor Desmond Williams, JACP, P190/838.
191. Puirséil, p. 203.
Chapter 14 A perfectly happy man (pp 372–408)
1. 14 December 1959, Costello to Father Patrick O’Carroll, California, JACP, P190/924.
2. 8 December 1969, Costello speech to retirement function, JACP, P 190/350.
3. IT, 2 November 1974, “Saturday Interview”.
4. 25 March 1957, Costello to Miss E. Dodd, JACP, P190/838.
5. Interview with Tom Finlay.
6. 30 August 1957, Costello to Bodkin, TCD, Bodkin Papers, Ms 7003/290.
7. 24 September 1957, Ita McCoy to Con Cremin, JACP, P190/908.
8. 4 September 1957, Costello to P. Kehoe, Office of the Revenue Commissioners, JACP, P190/913.
9. 10 May 1957, Budget broadcast text, JACP, P190/796.
10. DÉD, 14 May 1957, Vol. 161, Col 1136.
11. 5 February 1958, Ard Fheis speech, JACP, P190/315.
12. DÉD, 3 July 1957, Vol. 163, Cols. 632 and 636.
13. DÉD, 4 July 1957, Vol. 163, Col. 792.
14. DÉD, 13 March 1958, Vol. 166, Cols. 229 to 230.
15. McCarthy, ‘Ireland’s turnaround’ in McCarthy (ed.), Planning Ireland’s Future, p. 29.
16. Interview with T.K. Whitaker.
17. DÉD, 28 April 1959, Vol. 174, Col. 1148.
18. DÉD, 23 June 1959, Vol. 176, Col. 96.
19. DÉD, 21 July 1959, Vol. 176, Cols 1592/3.
20. John Bradley, “The Legacy of Economic Development”, in McCarthy (ed.), p. 132.
21. Ronan Fanning, “The Genesis of Economic Development”, in McCarthy (ed.), p. 104.
22. Quoted in Ronan Fanning, “Alexis FitzGerald”, in Lynch, Patrick and Meenan, James (eds), Essays in Memory of Alexis FitzGerald, p. 10.
23. 24 November 1959, Hayes to O’Higgins, UCDA, P53/270.
24. 25 April 1959, Bishop Browne to Costello; 29 April 1959, FitzGerald to Costello; 2 May 1959, Costello to Browne. Correspond
ence in possession of Kyran FitzGerald.
25. “One to One” interview with Declan Costello, RTÉ 1 television, 14 September 2009.
26. The Leader, 8 February 1958.
27. 1 February 1958, Costello to FitzGerald; 10 February 1958, FitzGerald to Mrs McCoy; 20 April 1958, Sunday Review article; JACP, P190/920.
28. FitzGerald, Garret, All in a life, p. 127.
29. 11 March 1958, Costello to Mrs McCoy, JACP, P190/811. He wasn’t joking, either. There are many examples in his private papers of notes which are utterly unintelligible.
30. 8 December 1969, Costello speech to retirement function, JACP, P 190/350.
31. DÉD, 4 July 1957, Vol 163, Col 805.
32. Harte, Paddy, Young Tigers and Mongrel Foxes, pp 95/6.
33. Manning, p. 314.
34. Ibid, p. 318.
35. 29 September 1957, Dillon speech, Ballybay, JACP, P190/321.
36. 17 October 1957, Dublin North Central by-election speech, JACP, P190/933.
37. IT, 16 November 1957.
38. The Leader, 12 July 1958.
39. DÉD, 1 June 1937, Vol. 67, Cols. 1341–5.
40. DÉD, 12 November 1958, Vol. 171, Cols 613 to 618.
41. DÉD, 26 November 1958, Vol. 171, Cols 1007, 1017 and 1023.
42. DÉD, 28 January 1959, Vol. 172, Col. 1270.
43. DÉD, 25 February 1959, Vol. 173, Col. 156.
44. 23 November 1958, Carlow speech, JACP, P190/947.
45. 7 December 1958, Navan speech, JACP, P190/948.
46. 11 February 1959, Ard Fheis speech, JACP, P190/315.
47. 25 April 1959, Cork speech, JACP, P190/949.
48. 12 June 1959, text of broadcast, JACP, P190/952.
49. DÉD, 23 June 1959, Vol. 176, Cols. 2 and 4.
50. Interview with Declan Costello.
51. Conversation with Harvey Kenny.
52. Interview with Ronan Keane.
53. 13 November 1958, Costello to Bodkin, TCD, Bodkin Papers, Ms 7003/283.
54. For his travel arrangements, see 9 March 1959, Ita McCoy to J.R. Miley, JACP, P190/918 and 12 March 1959, Ita McCoy to Terence de Vere White, JACP, P190/929; for Dáil business, see DÉD, Vol 173, 10 and 11 March 1959.
55. Note on conversation, September 1959, UCDA, P7/C/150.
56. Manning, pp 323/4.
57. Note on conversation, September 1959, UCDA, P7/C/150.
58. 6 October 1959. Lynch to Costello, JACP, P190/953.
59. Manning, p. 325.
60. Collins, Stephen, The Cosgrave Legacy, p. 78.
61. Interview with Declan Costello.
62. Interview with Mick Kilkenny.
63. 20 October 1959, Costello to Mulcahy, JACP, P190/953.
64. Manning, pp 326 and 327.
65. 8 March 1960, Kimber to Chadwick, and 22 March 1960, Clutterbuck note, TNA, DO 35/7941.
66. IP, 21 October 1959; O’Higgins, T.F., A Double Life, p. 188.
67. Puirséil, Niamh, The Irish Labour Party, p. 211.
68. 14 December 1959, Costello to Father Patrick O’Carroll, Riverside, California, JACP, P190/924.
69. 13 January 1960, Costello to Dillon, UCDA, Costello Papers, P190/340. In 1968, Whitaker managed to convince the Devlin Review of Public Service Organisation that the economic planning function should remain attached to the Department of Finance. It was, according to Ronan Fanning, an example of Whitaker’s success as “an administrative conservative who not merely preserved the power of the Department of Finance but who established it on a firmer footing than before”. Fanning, Ronan, “The Genesis of Economic Development” in McCarthy (ed.), p. 102.
70. IT, 2 May 1961.
71. 28 March 1960, Costello to Ryan, JACP, P190/340.
72. DÉD, 7 November 1967, Vol. 230, Cols. 2021/2.
73. DÉD, 13 November 1968, Vol. 237, Col. 231.
74. 24 February 1961, Costello to Deputy Mary Reynolds, JACP, P190/340.
75. 29 March 1960, Costello to Bernard Brady, JACP, P190/340.
76. DÉD, 29 May 1962, Vol. 195, Cols. 1687, 1684 and 1690; 18 May 1965, Vol. 215, Col. 1562.
77. Interview with Ronan Keane.
78. IT, 30 March 1960.
79. IT, 31 March 1960.
80. IT, 12 May 1960.
81. IT, 15 December 1961.
82. IT, 16 December 1961.
83. Correspondence with Michael V. O’Mahony.
84. Interview with Tom Finlay.
85. Interview with Mick Kilkenny.
86. Correspondence with Michael V. O’Mahony.
87. Interviews with Tom Finlay and Ronan Keane.
88. Conversation with Harvey Kenny.
89. Correspondence with Michael V. O’Mahony; interview with Ronan Keane—Mr Keane was also on the plaintiff’s legal team.
90. Interview with Mick Kilkenny.
91. Correspondence with Georgina Sutton.
92. Correspondence with Isabelle Sutton.
93. IT, 2 March 1968.
94. Correspondence with Georgina Sutton.
95. Conversation with Harvey Kenny.
96. All references to the visit are from Costello’s 15-page report, which he delivered to Dillon on 15 October 1960. JACP, P190/341.
97. Although their exchanges appear to have been entirely formal, Costello and Adenauer had quite a lot in common—both sons of civil servants who went to university on scholarships, they were devout Catholics who were widowed in office, in Adenauer’s case twice. See Williams, Francis, Adenauer, the Father of New Germany.
98. See Horgan, Noël Browne, p. 210, for the suggestion about vote splitting with O’Donovan. With just over 11 per cent of the first-preference vote, the latter had his best ever vote in the constituency, which supports Horgan’s belief. O’Donovan later joined Labour and was elected for Dublin South Central in 1969.
99. DÉD, 11 November 1961, Vol. 192, Cols. 62, 64 and 69.
100. DÉD, 3 May 1961, Vol. 188, Cols. 1605 and 1652.
101. DÉD, 3 December 1964, Vol. 213, Col. 485.
102. DÉD, 29 June 1965, Vol. 217 Col. 123.
103. IT, 6 January 1976.
104. 8 November 1966, Colm Condon to Costello, and reply 18 November 1966, JACP, P190/916.
105. Draft report, August 1968, NAI, 2002/16/227.
106. 18 August 1964, McQuillan to Costello, JACP, P190/923.
107. Puirséil, pp 234/5; MacDermott, note 60, p. 211.
108. DÉD, 30 January 1963, Vol. 199, Cols. 731 to 739.
109. DÉD, 16 July 1963, Vol. 204, Col. 969.
110. DÉD, 23 February 1965, Vol. 214, Col. 913.
111. Calculation from the Central Statistics Office.
112. DÉD, 18 May 1965, Vol. 215, Col. 1554.
113. DÉD, 23 February 1965, Vol. 214, Cols. 920 and 919.
114. “One to One” interview with Declan Costello.
115. 27 April 1964, Declan Costello to each member of the Fine Gael parliamentary party, UCDA, P151/812.
116. Interview with Mick Kilkenny.
117. Mair, Peter, The changing Irish party system, pp 184/5.
118. The Citizen, May 1967.
119. 8 December 1969, Costello speech to retirement function, JACP, P 190/350.
120. See correspondence with Alexis FitzGerald, JACP, P190/918.
121. O’Higgins, T.F., A Double Life, pp 194/5.
122. FitzGerald, Garret, All in a life, p. 74.
123. Interview with Alexis FitzGerald.
124. 16 September 1963, Costello to Matthew Byrne, JACP, P190/915.
125. DÉD, 23 February 1965, Vol. 214, Col. 914.
126. DÉD, 18 May 1965, Vol. 215, Col. 1552.
127. Harte, p. 101.
128. 17 September 1968, Four Courts Hotel speech, UCDA, P39/pr/128.
129. DÉD, 20 March 1968, Vol. 233, Col. 760.
130. See, for example, the copy sent to Archbishop McQuaid in February 1968, DDA, McQuaid Papers, AB8/b/XVIII—Government; Mr John A. Costello.
131. The correspondence is in JA
CP, P190/963.
132. See correspondence with David Harkness, JACP, P190/920; with A.S. Cohan, ibid., P190/916; with Brian Farrell, ibid., P190/918.
133. Brady, Conor, Up With the Times, p. 156.
134. Interview with Muiris Mac Conghail.
135. “Seven Days”.
136. Interview with Muiris Mac Conghail.
137. 4 March 1969, Tony Keane to Costello, and reply, 5 March 1969, JACP, P190/921.
138. DÉD, 22 April 1969, Vol. 239, Col. 1875; 29 April 1969, Vol. 240, Col. 85.
139. IT, 26 April 1969.
140. IT, 26 April 1969.
141. 29 May 1969, Lynch speech in Mallow, NAI, 2001/6/12. I am grateful to Dr Elaine Byrne for this reference.
142. Interview with Alexis FitzGerald.
143. 11 June 1969, Sandymount Green speech, UCDA, P39/GE/162, document 43.
144. 4 July 1969, Alexis FitzGerald to Costello, JACP, P190/918.
145. 8 December 1969, Costello speech to retirement function, JACP, P190/350.
146. 1 August 1961, Costello to MacBride, JACP, P190/340.
147. 2 August 1961, Nolan to Costello, and 24 August 1961, MacBride to Costello, JACP, P190/799.
148. 17 July 1964, AG memo, NAI, 2003/16/605; 1 January 1965, Nolan to Committee members, and 13 January 1965, Costello to Nolan, JACP, P190/799.
149. 6 November 1969, Costello to Nolan, JACP, P190/799.
150. 26 October 1971, minutes of Committee meeting, NAI, 2003/16/605.
151. 8 November 1974, note on file, NAI, 2005/7/671.
152. 12 April 1972, MacEoin memorandum; 14 April 1972, Cosgrave to Costello; undated Costello memorandum; JACP, P190/812.
153. IT, 21 August 1972.
154. 20 August 1972, Béal na mBláth speech, JACP, P190/280.
155. Letters of congratulation, including Walsh to Costello, 19 June 1961, JACP, P190/915.
156. 31 October 1964, Stephen Barrett to Dermot Kinlen, JACP, P190/915.
157. Interview with Ronan Keane.
158. 18 April 1962, Costello to Cardinal Amleto Cicognani, JACP, P190/916.
159. The only living Irish politician to hold the honour is Liam Cosgrave. Information from Peter Durnin, Secretary, Papal Knights Association of Ireland.
160. 15 November 1961, Costello to Lemass; 7 December 1961, Costello to D’Alton; 7 December 1961, Costello to Barrett. JACP, P190/345.
161. See JACP, P190/346.
162. Interview with Declan Costello, 8 October 2007.
163. Interview with Kyran FitzGerald.
164. Reports of ceremony in IT and IP 8 March 1975.
165. 30 September 1970, Costello to Mike Burns, JACP, P190/915.