by Ian Mortimer
medical knowledge, 55, 76, 191–94, 210. See also dissection; humoral theory; surgery
medical practitioners. See physicians; surgeons
medicinal stones, 118, 119
medicines, 22, 154, 207, 211–13
Mediterranean Sea, 17, 124, 135, 136–37, 141, 199, 201
Melbourne Castle, 242
Melton Mowbray 241
men-at-arms, 38
menagerie, 18
Mendicant Orders. See friars
menstruation, 117, 200
merchant adventurers, 71, 72
merchants, mercers, 10, 12, 15, 17, 18, 22, 23–24, 42, 43, 52–53, 57, 63, 68, 72, 88, 89, 93–94, 104, 114, 129, 136, 148, 175, 178, 197, 228, 266
mercury, 94
merrils, 264
Mersey River, 152
messengers, 12, 24, 62, 70–71, 132–33, 161, 185, 192
metal, 12, 95, 165, 257
brass, 23, 95, 147, 150, 151, 153, 162, 164, 165, 166, 200, 249
bronze, 23, 149, 158
copper, 158, 164
iron, 93, 95, 138, 150, 152, 158, 159, 162, 163
latten, 150
lead, 152, 156, 267
pewter, 149, 151, 266, 267
steel, 93, 121
tin, 34, 93, 158. See also gold; silver
metheglin, 175
Mezières, Philip de, 301
Michaelmas, 222
midwives, 56
Milan, duke of, 71
miles. See units of measurement
military orders. See Knights Hospitaller; Knights Templar
military service. See warfare
milk. See dairy products
miners, 164, 170, 176, 302, 304
mills, 31, 170, 242
mining, 34, 209
Minot, Laurence, 277
minstrels. See musicians
mints, 18, 97
miracles, 74–78, 271
Mirfield, John, 192–93, 207
mirrors, 118
monasteries, 14, 23, 32, 34, 41, 43, 45, 67, 70, 88, 144, 145, 152–54, 186–89, 201, 210, 221
guesthouses, 16, 153, 161, 186, 187
infirmaries, 186, 207
lavabos, 197
misericords, 187, 188
refectories, 186–89. See also specific examples
Monk, John, 227
monks, 45, 46, 71, 103, 112, 119, 152, 153, 186–88, 197, 201–2, 207, 276
moon, the, 133, 136, 192, 211–12
Morris (a servant of Edward II), 64
mortars. See cooking utensils
Mortimer, Joan (d. 1356), countess of March, 265, 273
Mortimer, Roger (d. 1326), lord of Chirk 296
Mortimer, Roger (d. 1330), Earl of March, 19, 63, 155, 235–36, 239, 241, 265, 300
Moscow, Grand Duchy of. See Muscovy
Moulsham, 226
mules. See horses and ponies
mummers, 180, 253–54
murage, 130
murder. See crime
Murimuth, Adam, 82
Musard, Malcolm, 240
Muscovy 71, 72
Musgrave, Thomas, 225
music, 67, 247–51, 254
musical instruments, 48, 249, 251
bagpipes, 249, 267
bells. See bells; citóles, 249, 251
clarions, 249, 251
cornets, 254
crumhorns, 250
drums, 251
fiddles, 248–49
flutes, 149, 249
gittern, 249, 251
harps, 149, 248–49, 251
horns, 249, 255, 259
hurdy-gurdies, 249, 251
nakers, 249, 251
organs, 249
pipes, 53, 249
psalteries, 249, 250
rebecs, 53, 250
recorders, 249, 251
sackbuts, 249, 251, 254
shawms, 249, 251, 254
tabors, 250
tambourines, 149, 249
trumpets, 248–19, 254
whistles, 249
musicians, minstrels, 12, 53, 141, 161, 189, 198, 248–19, 274, 304
musk 65, 118, 198
mustard. See spices
myrrh, 200
nails, 23, 93, 98, 138
Nájera, 209
names, 86, 193
navigation, 123–25, 136, 140
Nazareth, archbishop of, 44
needles, 23, 93
needlework, 164
Neith Cross, 206
nets. See hunting
Neuss, 310
Neville, Ralph, 155
Neville’s Cross, battle of, 45
New Bridge (Oxon), 125
New Year presents, 82
Newark 93, 214
Newarke Hospital, 154
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 11, 218, 225, 252
Nicopolis, 71
nightingales, 65
nightwear. See clothes
nine men’s morris. See merrils
noblemen, noblewomen, 10, 14, 45, 52, 59, 65, 69, 71, 80, 81, 87–88, 95, 103, 104, 118–19, 130, 134, 141, 143, 152, 174, 181, 211, 213, 235, 241, 279
bathing of, 197
clothing, 106–14
diet, 179–85
hunting, 259–61
jousting, 255–58
position in society, 38–43
residences, 154–63
Norfolk 33, 85, 240, 295, 304
Normandy, 45
North Curry 304
Northampton, 11, 17, 124, 252
Northamptonshire, 33
Northumberland, 34, 81
earl of. See Percy, Henry
Norway, 71, 294
Norwich, 11, 93, 252, 299
bishop of, 45
Cathedral, 269
diocese of, 296
Nottingham, 11, 133
Nottinghamshire, 200, 202, 214
nudity 119, 120
numerology, 192–93
nunneries, 47, 58, 60, 67, 297
Nunney Castle, 303
nuns, 45, 152, 202. See also Dominican nuns; Poor Clares
nursing, 58, 117, 154. See also wetnurses
nutmeg. See spices
nuts, 93, 182
almond milk, 173, 181
almonds, 141, 177
walnuts, 172
oak, oaks. See timber; trees
oaths, 65
oats. See grain
offal, 13
ointments. See cosmetics
Okehampton Castle, 155, 303
old people, 58, 168, 175–76, 296. See also longevity
Oldham, Robert, 165
olive oil, 118
onions. See vegetables
opium, 200, 214
oranges. See fruit
Order of the Bath, 197
ordinances. See royal household; town ordinances
ordination, 70
organized crime. See crime
osiers, 163
Ospringe, 154
outfangenthef, 227–28
outlaws, 132, 221, 226, 241. See also crime; criminals
oxen, 31, 32, 48, 85, 116, 173, 287
Oxford, 11, 55, 67, 88, 126, 284, 293
Priory, 269
Oxfordshire, 124–25, 165, 260, 308
oxherds, 105 oysters. See fish
packhorses. See horses
pageants. See plays
pages, 101
painters, 12
palaces: bishops, 16, 19, 143
royal, 83, 84. See also Westminster Palace
pannage, 130
Panoti, 73
pantlers, 159
pantries, 148–49
parasites, 162, 198–99, 201, 209
pardoners, 54, 76
pardons, 241
Paris, 12, 77, 106, 107
university of, 191, 193
parish churches. See churches parliament, 17, 19, 40–1, 47, 80, 81, 109, 121, 220, 232, 235–36, 238, 296
House of Lords, 40–41, 236, 244
knights of the shire, 40–41, 69
<
br /> Members of, 64–65
Merciless (1388), 245
parlors. See solars
parrots, 106
paupers, 66, 143, 145, 167, 183. See disc beggars; vagrants
pavage, 94
pearls. Seejewels
pears. See fruit
peas. See vegetables
peasantry, peasants, 10, 36, 48–51, 58, 65, 116, 121, 123, 143, 163–66, 170, 172–75, 198, 203, 249, 278, 305
Peasants Revolt, 4, 19, 51, 56, 15, 235, 245–46, 278, 280, 292
peddlers, 144
pelterers, 21, 22
Penrith Castle, 303
Penshurst, 156
pepper. See spices
Percy family 34
Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumberland, 296–97
perfumes, 21, 117–18, 198
perry 175
Persia, 276
Peterborough, 202, 296
Petrarch, Francesco, 284
pewter, 149
Philip IV of France, 44, 247
Philippa, Queen, 66, 106, 109, 113, 257, 275
philosophers, 77
phlebotomy. See surgery
Phoebus. See Gaston Phoebus
phoenixes, 74
physic. See medical knowledge
physicians, 22, 43, 52, 68, 77, 101, 160, 177, 191–95, 200, 207, 210–15, 266, 280. See also Arderne; Chauliac; Gaddesden; Galen; Hippocrates; Mirfield; Tyngewick
pickaxes, 135
pickles. See preserves and pickles
piepowder. See courts
Piers Plowman. See books
pies. See cooking
pigs, 8, 21, 22, 93, 99, 167, 170, 172, 178, 204, 227, 233, 238, 285, 304
pigs bladders, 212. See also meat; swine killers; swineherds
pikes, 256
pilgrims, pilgrimages, 12, 66, 69–70, 71, 180, 265–71, 276, 287–88
accommodation of, 152–53
pillory, the, 79, 95, 216, 253
pillows. See beds and bedding
Pinch Me, 261
piracy See crime
Pisa, 82, 83
Pisan, Christine de, 58
pitch, 118
pitchers. See ewers
plague. See diseases
plates, 149, 158, 228 dishes. See also trenchers
playing cards, 264
plays, 231, 233, 252–55, 263
Pliny the Elder, 72
plowing, 49, 173
plowmen, 105, 116
plowshares, 23, 116
plumbers, 209
plums. See fruit Plymouth, 11, 71, 126, 293
poaching. See crime
pockets, 118, 229, 301
poetry, 80
poisons, 118, 209. See also herbs
Poitiers, 209
Poland, 140
politeness. See manners and politeness
Polo, Marco, 276
Polyckronicon. See books
pomegranates, 94
Pomeroy family, 34
ponds, 22, 34, 174, 184, 188
ponies. See horses
pontage, 94
Pontefract, 133
Poor Clares, 45
poor, the. See beggars; paupers; vagrants
popes, 44, 70. See also Benedict; Boniface; Clement; Urban
population, 36, 203–4, 293–95
dying in plague, 202–3
literate, 67–68
monastic, 47–48
religious, 48
rural, 31, 34–35, 294–95
urban, 11, 17, 23, 24, 52, 293. Seealso immigration
porpoises, 184
ports and harbors, 34, 71–72, 94, 130, 135, 138–41, 184, 185, 233, 245
private wharfs, 149
Portugal, 71, 72, 83, 135
posse comitatus, 220
postmodernism, 289, 290
pots. See cooking utensils
pottage. See cooking; fruit; meat
poulterer, 161
poultry, 92
capon, 99, 177, 182
chicken(s), 30, 76, 90, 98–99, 140, 173, 181, 261, 304
duck(s), 173
mallard, 177, 182
geese, goose, 30, 168, 172–73, 177, 184
barnacle, 188
hen(s), 32, 141, 177, 182, 304
peacock, 182
pullet(s), 172
swan(s), 168, 181, 304
turkey(s), 168. See also cock-fighting; wildfowl
Prague, 71
preachers, itinerant, 12
pregnancy 38
Premonstratensian Canons, 46, 255
preserves and pickles, 172
orange, 177 (citronade)
Prester John, 72
prices. See inflation
priests, 9, 34, 48, 67–68, 69, 115, 210, 245, 251, 260, 266, 280. See also abbots; archbishops; bishops; chaplains; monks; nuns; priors; rectors; vicars
prioresses, 60, 286
priories. See monasteries
priors, 42, 46–47, 280. See also specific priories
prisons. See gaols
privies. See latrines
prophecies; political, 76–77
prostitutes, 102–3, 180, 192, 198
prostitution, 20, 198, 244
Provence, 83
Prussia, 71, 72, 199
Prye, Roger, 224
public health. See sanitation
puffins, 184
Pulteneyjohn, 156
punishments, 61, 139, 222, 244. See also deodands; executions; fines; gaols; pillory; stocks
purses, 93, 97, 118
Quadrivium, 67
quays. See ports and harbors
Queenborough Castle, 84, 155, 303
queens. See Anne; Isabella; Margaret; Philippa
quicklime, 118
quoits, 263
rabbits. See coneys
Raby Castle, 155
Radcot Bridge, 125
raisins. See fruit
Ramsey Abbey 227, 296
rape. See crime
rats, 21, 168
Reading Abbey, 296
receivers, 160
rectors, 42, 203 beneficed clergy 241, 243. See also priests
recycling, 30
Redesdale, 34
reeves, 48, 50, 51, 219
regnal year, the, 83
relics, 74, 268–71, 276
religious fervor. See spiritual devotion
rents, 99, 149, 227, 304
respect. See manners and politeness
Rheims, 106, 107
rhetoric, 67
Rhine, the, 179
rhinoceros, 74
rice, 168, 177
rice flour, 181
Richard I: Life of. See books; sea laws of, 139
Richard II, 3, 17, 19, 20, 71, 83, 97, 106, 110, 111, 113, 132, 133, 155, 254, 278, 288, 301
Richard of Wallingford, 83
riding, 4
rings, 64, 118, 119, 228, 254, 288
Ripon Cathedral, 270
rivers, 18, 22, 28, 31, 125, 128, 135, 167, 174, 184–85, 190, 198–99. See also bridges; Fleet; fords; Mersey; Severn; Thames
roads, 21, 24, 34, 72, 125–28, 131–32, 143, 154
diversity of, 127
repair of, 127, 130, 135, 302
Roman, 126. See also alleys; highways; pavage
Robert of Gloucester, 80
robes. See clothes
Robin Hood. See books
Rochester, 296
bishops of, 45, 262, 270
bridge, 128
Cathedral, 268
Rockingham Castle, 242
Roët, Katherine de. See Swynford
Roët, Philippa de, 284, 288
Rome, 12, 37, 44, 71, 77, 79, 266, 267
Romney Marsh, 27
roofs. See shingles; stone; thatch; turf
roses, rosewater, 65, 146, 171, 197
Roxburgh, 257
royal armories, 120
royal council, 167
Royal Courts of Justice. See courts
royal household, 40, 101, 12
7, 160–61, 186, 213, 304
ordinances for, 307
royal mints. See mints
royal palaces. See palaces
rubbish. See sanitation
rubies, 118, 119
rudeness, 82
rugs. See beds and bedding
rushes, 10, 93, 146, 163, 180
rushlights, 10, 146, 182
Russell, John, 298
Russell, Margaret, 57
Russia. See Muscovy Rutland, 33, 218, 241, 295
Rybothe, Island of, 276
rye. See grain
sacrists, 186
saddlers, 232
saddles, 132
saffron. See spices
sailors. See mariners
salaries. See incomes
Salerno, 194
Salisbury, 11, 17, 18, 84, 224, 296
bishop of, 228
Salle, 240
Salome, dance of, 251
salt, 23, 90, 93, 171, 173, 177, 181, 183, 185 brine, 212, 228
salt cellars, 158, 159, 228
sanctuary, 220, 235, 244–46
Sandin, 73
sanitation, 7, 13, 17, 21–22, 23, 24, 127, 146, 153, 165, 166, 191, 196–97, 201, 209, 231
onboard ship, 139. See also baths and bathing; cleaning; diseases; latrines; parasites
Santa Croce, 271
Santiago de Compostela, 71, 266, 267
sapphires, 118, 119
sarcasm, 63, 254
satin, 17
saucerers, 162
saucers, 158
Savage Company, 242
Savage, Roger, 242
Saxon letters, 81
scabbards, 119
scaffolding, 15
Scandinavia, 26, 139
schism. See Great Schism
schoolmasters, 68
schools, 58, 67–68. See also education; universities
science, scientists, 77
Sciopods, 73
scissors, 10, 118
scolds, 231, 234
scotale, 251
Scotland, Scots, 3, 34, 35, 37, 38, 44, 70, 72, 120, 123, 126, 136, 155, 220, 277, 296
Marches of, 61, 257
screens passage, 148
scriptoria, 16
scriveners, 12, 68. See also clerks
scrofula. See diseases
Scrope, Geoffrey le, 242
scurvy. See diseases
sea holly, 200
sea, the, 15, 135–36, 139–42, 184, 265. See also Baltic; Mediterranean seafood.
See fish
seals (authentication devices), 88–89, 149
seals (sea mammals), 184
secretaries, 161. See also clerks
Selby Abbey 296
Sempringham Priory, 46, 242, 255
sergeants-at-arms, 52, 101, 160, 304
servants, 13, 21, 43, 50, 52, 61, 62, 64, 80, 101, 104, 105, 117, 130, 134, 140, 146, 147, 149, 153, 156, 159, 161, 164, 176, 181, 183, 185, 187, 198, 213, 231–32, 245, 254, 261
service, bonds of, 29, 49–50, 52
seven deadly sins, 67
Severn River, 184
sewers. See sanitation
sexual intercourse, 55–56, 64, 65, 200, 227, 287. See also crime; prostitution
sexual prejudices, 54–59, 287. See also women
shawms. See musical instruments
sheep, 10, 25, 27, 29, 93, 167, 173, 228, 285
lambs, 105, 173, 176
