A Brief History of Science with Levity
Page 16
- a first dielectric layer arranged at one end of said layer assembly,
- a superconducting layer adapted to be electrically connected to a high voltage generator during use,
- a positron emitter layer adapted to emit positrons toward said superconducting layer, and
- a second dielectric layer arranged at the other end of said layer assembly,
wherein said device further comprises a plurality of diametrically opposed field plates adapted to provide an electromagnetic field within said layer assembly that is counter-rotating to said direction of rotation of said layer assembly.
Preferably, the layer assembly is axially symmetrical with respect to a centre axis, except for one or more electrodes which may be located at differing radii. Typically, the layer assembly is rotatable at a first predetermined rotational speed about said centre axis. Preferably, the positron layer is operatively mounted above said superconducting layer when in use. Preferably, the said electro-magnetic field is counter-rotating to said direction of said layer assembly at a second predetermined rotational speed.
Advantageously, the arrangement of the current invention allows the annihilation of accelerated superconducting electrons with β+ positrons in the boundary region of the crystal structured superconducting layer and the positron emitter, while the electron-positron annihilation is superimposed by an electromagnetic field, which is counter-rotating with respect to the rotation of the superconducting layer, therefore, generating a local gravitational field that either increases or decreases the Earth’s gravitational field depending on its direction with respect to the Earth’s gravitational field. Thus, the resultant force may advantageously be used as a separate propulsive force of a vehicle. On the other hand, the resultant force may be used in addition to a propulsive force generated by a common engine, such as a turbine, in order to considerably improve the fuel efficiency of that engine.
The second predetermined rotational speed may be greater than the first predetermined rotational speed.
The layer assembly may be mounted to a drive shaft operatively coupleable to a motor.
This allows the advantage that a standard motor can be used to rotate the layer assembly about its centre axis. In particular, the drive shaft may be coupled to the motor via a 90° bevel gear, further allowing the motor to be situated remote and off-axis from the rotation axis of the layer assembly, therefore avoiding possible obstruction of the propulsive force by the motor.
The device of the present invention may further comprise a thermally insulating housing adapted to receive at least the layer assembly and maintain layer assembly at or below the critical temperature Tc, at which the superconductor becomes superconducting for a finite time period during use.
This provides the advantage that the conditions required to work a superconductor can be created relatively cost effectively. In particular, the superconductor is simply placed in the thermally insulating housing, which is cooled to the required temperature Tc by simply filling the housing with a coolant. Once the superconducting layer is cooled to the predetermined temperature Tc, the coolant may be removed before running the embodiment of the present invention.
The device may further comprise a controller adapted to sequentially generate an electromagnetic field between the plurality of diametrically opposed field plates.
This provides the advantage that very high switching speeds of the opposing plates can be reached, therefore resulting in a rotational speed of the electromagnetic field that is considerably faster than the rotational speed of the layer assembly.
The layer assembly may further comprise a first electrode and a second electrode, each arranged through the first dielectric layer and electrically connected to the superconducting layer and located at respective first distance and second distance relative to the centre axis.
The first electrode and the second electrode may be adapted to receive a voltage from a high voltage generator during use.
This provides the advantage that a fixed, predetermined voltage can be provided to the superconducting layer from any suitable external voltage generator that is not limited to a specific size and/or location.
The first distance may be greater than the second distance.
This provides the advantage that the zero-resistant electrons travelling from the first electrode to the second electrode within the rotating superconducting layer are forced onto a spiral path on which the speed of the electrons increases despite the constant angular velocity of the rotating disc. Thus, the electrons are accelerated on a path within the rotating superconducting layer before annihilation with the emitted positrons while exposed to a high-speed counter-rotating electromagnetic field. The interactions effective at the boundary region between the superconductor layer and the positron emitter are believed to allow strong electrogravitic coupling generating a local gravitational field capable of modifying the Earth’s gravitational field.
The first electrode and the second electrode may be adapted to counterbalance each other during use.
This provides the advantage that the rotating layer assembly is sufficiently balanced to allow an undisturbed rotation about its centre axis.
The first electrode and the second electrode may be connectable to a high voltage generator via sliding contacts or frictionless electric arcs.
The first and second dielectric layer, the positron emitter layer and the superconducting layer may be of an annular disc shape.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for generating a force suitable for moving and/or modifying the gravitational effect of masses using a device according to the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the steps of:
(a) cooling the layer assembly to a predetermined temperature suitable for generating a superconducting effect in the superconducting layer of said layer assembly,
(b) providing a positron source adapted to emit positrons towards the superconducting layer of said layer assembly,
(c) rotating the layer assembly about a centre axis at a first predetermined rotational speed,
(d) alternately charging and discharging the superconducting layer using a high voltage generator at a frequency proportional to said first predetermined rotational speed,
(e) concurrently to step (d), generating a electromagnetic field within the layer assembly counter-rotating relative to the direction of rotation of the layer assembly at a second predetermined rotational speed.
Step (a) may be effected by operatively positioning the layer assembly in a thermally insulating housing and filling the thermally insulating housing with a coolant.
Step (b) may be effected by mounting the layer assembly to a drive shaft which is operatively coupled to a motor.
The counter-rotating electromagnetic field may be generated by a controller sequentially charging and discharging the diametrically opposed field plates with a predetermined voltage.
The second predetermined rotational speed may be greater than the first predetermined rotational speed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only and not in any limitative sense, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
• Figure E shows a partial sectional side view along A-A of a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
• Figure F shows a sectional top view along B-B of the embodiment of Figure E,
• Figure G shows an exploded perspective view of all main components of the preferred embodiment and a simplified view of the main component’s function,
• Figure H shows schematic plan view of the rotating superconducting layer and the predicted path of the electrons during operation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Referring to Figures E, F and G, a preferred example of a turbine incorporating the present invention is disclosed comprising a device for generating a force effective for modifying the gra
vitational field between masses. The turbine further comprises a layer assembly 102 mounted onto a base plate 104 of a drive shaft 106, a motor 108 that is coupled to the drive shaft 106 via a 90° bevel gear mechanism 109 and a drive field system 110 having four pairs of diametrically opposed field plate pairs 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d powered and driven by a controller 114. The plates of the field plate pairs 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d may be made from metal and in particular from Copper. The base plate 104 is further in electrical connection to the drive shaft 106, both of which are earthed.
The controller 114, which includes a power supply (not shown), may also drive the external motor 108. It is understood that the invention is not limited to the 90° bevel gear mechanism 109 or an external motor 108, and any other suitable means for operatively coupling the drive shaft 106 to any suitable drive means may be used. Also, any other suitable means for rotating the layer assembly 102 about its central axis may be used.
As shown in Figures E and F, the layer assembly 102 comprises a first and second dielectric layer 118, 124, which form the top and bottom layers with respect to the bottom base plate 104 of drive shaft 106. A superconducting layer 120 and a positron emitter layer 122, deposited directly above the superconducting layer 120 with respect to the bottom base plate 104, form the centre section of the layer assembly 102. A first and second electrode 126, 128 pass through the second dielectric layer 124 and the adjacent positron emitter layer 122 to electrically connect the superconducting layer 120 to a high voltage generator 130. The electrical contact between the first and second electrode 126, 128 and the high voltage generator 130 may be made via sliding contacts (not shown). However, any other electrical contact means may be used, such as electric arc or plasma.
Referring now to Figure H, the first electrode 126 may be located concentrically with respect to the drive shaft 106 and its rotational axis at a radius R1 and the second electrode 128 may be located concentrically with respect to the drive shaft 106 and its rotational axis at a radius R2. Preferably, first and second electrode 126, 128 are positioned on a diameter of the layer assembly 102 opposed to drive shaft 106. In this particular example, radius R1 is greater than radius R2 such that the zero-resistant electrons e- that travel from the first electrode 126 to the second electrode 128 within the rotating superconducting layer 122 are forced onto a spiral path. First and second electrodes 126 and 128 are balanced in weight according to their distance from the rotational axis of the layer assembly 102.
Preferably, the superconducting layer 120 is made from an Yttrium Barium Cuprate compound, but any other suitable superconducting or high-temperature superconducting material may be used. Also, the positron emitter layer 122 may be a 22Na isotope which provides β+ positrons 121 according to the decay reaction 22Na → 22Ne + β+ + νe + γ. However, any other suitable positron source may be used. The first and second dielectric layer 118, 124 may be made from solid polycarbonate material or any other electrically insulating material.
The drive field system 110 and the layer assembly 102 are concentrically arranged within a thermally insulating housing 116 such that the layer mechanism 102 and the drive system 110 share the same rotational plane with respect to the rotational axis 107 of the drive shaft 106. The opening of the thermally insulating housing may be sealed by a lid 117 that fits between the housing interior walls and the drive shaft 106. The housing may further comprise an inlet port 132 and an outlet port 134 for introducing and removing a coolant 136, such as, for example, liquid nitrogen. In this particular example, the rotatable drive shaft 106 may be supported by twin bearings (not shown) positioned outside the thermally insulating housing 116.
An example of the operation of the preferred embodiment and the method for generating a force effective for modifying the gravitational field between masses is now described with reference to Figures E to H.
Prior to starting the turbine 10, liquid nitrogen 136 is introduced into the housing 116 through an inlet port 132 soaking the layer assembly 102 until its temperature is cooled to below the critical temperature Tc of the superconducting layer 120. Excessive liquid nitrogen 136 is then removed from the housing 116 through an outlet port 134 until the surface level of the liquid nitrogen 136 is below the base plate 104. The remaining coolant 136 is left within the housing 116 to maximize the time period until the temperature within the housing rises above Tc. The coolant 136 may also be introduced via the top opening of the housing 116 by removing and replacing the lid 117.
As soon as the critical temperature Tc of the superconducting layer 120 is reached, the motor 108 is started by the controller 114, thereby rotating the drive shaft 106 and layer assembly 102 at about 3,500 rpm. At the same time, the high voltage generator 130 charges and discharges the superconducting layer 120 via respective first and second electrodes 126 and 128 with each rotation of the layer assembly 102. The voltage used to charge the superconducting layer 120 in this particular example is in the region of 20,000 V DC. The positron emitter layer 122 deposited on the top surface of the superconducting layer 120 provides a constant supply of β+ positrons 121 that are directed towards the superconducting layer 120 in which electrons (e-) move at zero-resistance from the first electrode 126 to the second electrode 128 in response to the high voltage charge provided by the high voltage generator 130. When electrons e- and positrons 121 collide, both particles are annihilated creating gamma ray photons according to e+ β+ → γ + γ.
At the same time, the controller 114 sequentially switches a high voltage to each of the drive field plate pairs 112a, 112b, 112c and 112d producing an electromagnetic field 138 of high flux density rotating in the opposite direction to the rotation of the layer assembly 102. In particular, drive field plate pair 112a may be switched to a potential of -3,500 V DC / +3,500 V DC first, before the drive field plate pair 112a is switched off and the next drive field plate pair 112b is switched on to the same potential. The sequence continues with drive field plate pair 112c and drive field plate pair 112d, before it starts again with drive field plate pair 112a.
The controller 114 may use a switching array of high voltage Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT’s) controlled by a 1 MHz clock speed to power and drive the plate pairs 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d, therefore, allowing a very high rotational field speed in the order of 250,000 x 60 rpm, i.e. 15,000,000 rpm, which, in this particular example, is 4,000 times faster than the used rotational speed of the layer assembly 102. Thus, the counter-rotating drive field 138 is rotating at a much higher speed than the layer assembly 102. It is understood that other suitable switching means may be used to drive the counter-rotating electromagnetic field 138 via drive field plate pairs 112a, 112b, 112c and 112d.
In this particular example, a propulsive force is generated in a direction normal to the rotational plane of the layer assembly 102 and the drive field 138. It is believed that the propulsive force is generated in response to a local gravitational field formed by electrogravitic coupling and the electron e- / positron 121 annihilation at the crystal boundaries where the superconducting layer 120 is in contact with the positron emitter layer 122.
The above described invention may also be applied to fields of technology other than transportation and the reduction of fuel consumption. For example the present invention may be used to create specific environment conditions on the Earth’s surface that allow new drugs or vaccines to be studied and manufactured or new treatments to be developed. Furthermore, the present invention may allow the manufacture of semiconductors having ultra pure crystal matrices, or new alloys and composites with precisely controlled crystal boundaries.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above embodiment has been described by way of example only and not in any limitative sense, and that various alterations and modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
– END OF PATENT DESCRIPTION –
Following the confiscation of my superconducting turbine, I was in a sl
ight quandary about how to proceed. It was clear to me that the developments I had made on existing superconducting gravity work were very significant, and there was an enormous commercial application for this technology, but it was difficult to decide the best way forward.
Although my equipment had been confiscated by uniformed officers from the Grampian police force, the events over the coming weeks left me in no doubt that this confiscation was carried out at the behest of the Americans. The reason for this is that my military/industrial contacts in the US would no longer even return my calls.
The author Nick Cook had already informed me that I would be firmly on the radar of the NSA and other US security agencies after the development of my superconducting turbine was made public. How right he actually was.
I had previously held meetings and conducted business with many organisations within the United States, including their top research laboratories. In order to understand how American industrial and military research is performed, the reader needs to understand that there are two entirely different sides to their operations. Firstly you have organisations which perform work in the public eye, such as the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, and many others. They oversee space exploration and many other technologies that are in the public view.
There is also a highly compartmentalised group of facilities that Nick Cook referred to as their black operations. A good deal of the research that is performed in support of the black operations is conducted at three major US national laboratories. These are the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee and the Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York State.
Prior to the public disclosure regarding the development of my superconducting turbine, I would regularly contact these national laboratories. When I needed to purchase specialised nuclear materials, I had no problems in obtaining deliveries of these materials, as I operated a high-tech company that they could confirm as being a legitimate supplier of these materials to the oil and gas industry.