Cecily Neville: Mother of Kings
Page 28
16. CPR Hen. VI May 1449.
17. Ibid., April.
18. Ibid., July.
19. Dufferwiel.
20. Curtis.
21. Dufferwiel.
22. Curtis.
23. Dufferwiel.
24. Irish Chancery Rolls 1449.
25. Dufferwiel.
26. Ibid.
27. Letters & Papers Illustrative.
28. Paston Letters.
29. Ibid.
30. Brewer and Bullen (eds), The Calendar of Carew, MSS Book of Howth, cited in Johnson.
31. Maddocks, Sydney, ‘Old Ford’, The Copartnership Herald, 3(31) (1933).
32. Paston Letters.
33. Excerpta Historica.
34. Paston Letters.
35. Ibid.
36. Giles, John Allen, The Chronicles of the White Rose of York (London: James Bohn, 1845).
37. Paston Letters.
8 The Lord Protector’s Wife, 1453–1455
1. ‘The Lament of Eleanor Cobham’ (1446) in R. H. Robbins (ed.), Historical Poems of the XIVth and XVth centuries (New York, 1959).
2. Page, William (ed.), A History of the County of Hertfordshire (1912) [Online: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=306, accessed 21 January 2014].
3. Hile, Reginald, Hitchin Priory (Carling and Hales, 1918).
4. Translated by Rawcliffe, BIHR (Huntingdon Library, 1987), pp. 237–8. Reproduced in Crawford, Anne, Letters of Medieval Women (Sutton, 2002).
5. CPR Hen. VI Dec 1453.
6. Griffiths.
7. Paston Letters, Vol. 2, p. 235.
8. CPR Hen. VI April 1454.
9. Ibid.
10. Paston Letters, Vol. 2, p. 235.
11. Halsted.
12. Ibid.
13. Johnson.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Halsted.
17. Ordinances.
18. Ibid.
19. Amt.
20. Pollard, Anthony, ‘Percies, Nevilles and the Wars of the Roses’ History Today, 43(9) (1993).
21. Griffiths.
22. Ordinances.
23. Crawford, Letters.
24. CPR, Hen. VI March 1455.
25. Griffiths.
26. Ibid.
27. The Chronicles of the White Rose of York.
9 Fortunes of War, 1455–1459
1. Scattergood.
2. Griffiths.
3. Paston Letters, Vol. 3, p. 285.
4. Scattergood.
5. Ibid.
6. Paston Letters, Vol. 3, p. 287.
7. Ibid., p. 322.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Griffiths.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Paston Letters, Vol. 3, p. 348.
14. Robbins.
15. Johnson.
16. Clark, Linda (ed.), Of Mice and Men: Image, Belief and Regulation in Late Medieval England (Boydell Press, 2005).
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Blatherwick, Simon and Richard Bluer, ‘Great Houses, Moats and Mills on the South Bank of the Thames: Medieval and Tudor Southwark and Rotherhithe’, Museum of London Archaeology Monograph 47 (Museum of London Archaeology, 2009), pp. xvii, 246.
26. Ibid.
27. Seward, A Brief History of the Wars of the Roses (Robinson Publishing, 2007).
28. Scattergood.
29. Gairdner.
30. Griffiths.
31. Clive, Henry Robert, Documents Relating to the History of Ludlow (J. Van Vorst, 1841).
32. Davies, J. S. (ed.), An English Chronicle of the Reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V and Henry VI (London: Camden Society, 1856).
33. CPR Hen. VI Oct. 1459.
34. Ross, Edward IV.
10 Fickle Fortune, 1459–1460
1. Shakespeare, William, Henry VI, Part 3.
2. Rawcliffe.
3. Ibid.
4. Wilkinson.
5. Ibid.
6. CPR Hen. VI Jan. 1460.
7. Ibid., Feb.
8. Ibid., June.
9. Ibid., Feb.
10. Ibid., March.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid., April.
13. Ibid., June.
14. Ibid.
15. Robbins
16. Warkworth.
17. Scattergood.
18. Ibid.
19. Halsted.
20. Paston Letters, Vol. 3.
21. Johnson.
22. Gristwood.
23. http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/1172.aspx.
24. Warkworth.
25. Paston Letters, Vol. 3, p. 419.
26. Wyrcester.
27. Griffiths.
28. Bib. Nat. MS Fr. 20136 fo. 6.
29. Seward.
30. Warkworth.
31. Ibid.
32. Johnson.
33. Rotuli Parliamentorum 39 Henry VI 1460.
34. Ibid.
35. Annales.
36. Johnson.
37. Dockray, Keith and Richard Knowles, The Battle of Wakefield (Wakefield M. D. Council, 1999).
38. CSP Milan 9 Jan. 1461.
39. Hall.
40. Wilkinson.
41. Griffiths.
11 In the Name of the Father, 1461–1464
1. Shakespeare, William, Richard III.
2. Crawford, Letters.
3. CSP Milan 1461.
4. Croyland.
5. Ross, Edward IV.
6. Ibid.
7. Gregory’s Chronicle.
8. Croyland.
9. Robbins.
10. Scattergood.
11. Paston Letters, Vol. 3, p. 450.
12. Gristwood.
13. Dockray.
14. Gregory.
15. Gairdner’s introduction to the Paston Letters.
16. Paston Letters, Vol. 3. p. 460, n. 5.
17. Russell, Boke of Nurture (1460).
18. Paston Letters, Vol. 3, p. 460.
19. Russell.
20. Paston Letters, Vol. 3, p. 460.
21. Russell.
22. CPR Ed. IV June 1461.
23. Ibid., Oct.
24. Foedera.
25. CPR Ed. IV Feb. 1462.
26. Johnson.
27. CPR Ed. IV Feb. 1464.
28. Ibid., July.
29. Ibid., Feb. 1462.
30. BL Western MS Add Ch 16564:1462
31. CPR Ed. IV Feb./May 1462.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid., 1463.
34. Ibid., 1462.
35. Foedera.
36. CPR Hen. VI Jan./Feb. 1462.
37. Foedera.
38. Ibid.
39. CPR Hen. VI 1461.
40. Hicks.
41. Croyland.
42. Gregory.
43. Dockray.
44. CPR Ed. IV 1464.
45. Fabyan.
46. Croyland.
47. Dockray.
48. Vergil.
49. Dockray.
50. Mancini.
51. Robbins.
52. Both poems can be found in Robbins.
53. More.
54. Ibid.
12 A Family at Love and War, 1465–1471
1. Anonymous poem, Scattergood.
2. Petrina, Alessandra, Cultural Politics in Fifteenth Century England (Netherlands: Brill, 2004).
3. British History Online.
4. Ross, Edward IV.
5. Rotuli Parliamentorum.
6. Ibid.
7. Gristwood.
8. Leland.
9. Thanks to Karen Clark for sharing her thoughts on this with me.
10. Foedera.
11. Excerpta Historica.
12. CPR Ed. IV.
13. Power, Eileen, The Wool Trade in English Medieval History (Ford Lectures, 1941).
14. CPR Ed. IV March 1469.
15. http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MHT39&resourceID=1008.
16. CSP Milan 1467.
17. Croyland.
18. Dockray.
19. Ibid.
20. Annales.
21. Ibid.
22. CPR Ed. IV July 1468.
23. Jones.
24. Warkworth.
25. Croyland.
26. Dockray.
27. Ibid.
28. CPR Ed. IV Apr. 1469.
29. Ibid.
30. Chronicle of the White Rose.
31. Ibid.
32. Commines.
33. Dockray.
34. Croyland.
35. Gristwood.
36. Great Chronicle of London.
37. Paston Letters.
38. Ibid.
39. Griffiths.
13 The King’s Mother, 1472–1483
1. Shakespeare, Richard III.
2. Croyland.
3. Crawford, The Yorkists.
4. Dockray.
5. Sweetinburgh, Sheila (ed.), Late Medieval Kent 1220–1540 (Boydell & Brewer, 2010).
6. CPR Ed. IV Nov 1472.
7. CPR Ed. IV May 1475.
8. CPR Ed. IV June 1475.
9. Camidge, Charles Edward, A History of Wakefield and its Industrial and Fine Art Exhibition (Hamilton, Adams & Co., 1866).
10. Banks, William Stott, Walks in Yorkshire: Wakefield (Longmans, 1871).
11. SEAX D/DCe L63.
12. Crawford, Letters.
13. Ibid.
14. Hammond, P. W., Anne F. Sutton and Livia Visser-Fuchs, The Reburial of Richard, Duke of York, 21–30 July 1476 (Richard III Society, 1996).
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ross, Edward IV.
18. Paston Letters.
19. Ibid.
20. Rotuli Parliamentorum.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Mancini.
26. Weightman.
14 Slanders, 1483–1485
1. Poem reputed to be by Anthony Wydeville, The Chronicles of the White Rose.
2. Ordinances, see Chapter 15 for more detail.
3. Croyland.
4. More on this in Licence, A., Anne Neville.
5. Croyland.
6. Ibid.
7. Dockray.
8. Ross, Richard III (1999).
9. Paston Letters.
10. Cely Letters.
11. Paston Letters.
12. Ross, Richard III.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Jones.
17. Ibid.
18. Legge, Alfred Owen, The Unpopular King: The Life and Times of Richard III (Ward & Downey, 1885).
19. Petre.
20. Croyland.
21. Ibid.
22. Jones.
15 Old Age, 1485–1495
1. Deschamps, Eustace in Coss, Peter, The Lady in Medieval England 1000–1500 (Sutton, 1998).
2. Hilton, Walter, The Scale of Perfection (London: James Philp, 1870).
3. Ordinances.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. CPR Hen. VII Feb. 1486.
8. Johnson.
9. CPR Hen. VII June 1486.
10. Ibid., Nov.
11. Ibid., Jan. 1489.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., Feb. 1492.
14. All quotations from Ordinances.
15. Spedding, Alison J., ‘At the King’s Pleasure: The Testament of Cecily Neville’, Midland History, 35(2) (2010), pp. 256–272.
Epilogue
1. Anon., ‘The Ballad of Eleanor Cobham’ in Robbins.
2. Anon., ‘God Amend Wikkid Cownsel’ in Robbins.
Bibliography
Primary Sources
A Collection of Ordinances and Regulations for the Governance of the Royal Household, made in divers reigns from King Edward III to King William and Queen Mary (London: Society of Antiquities, 1790).
Amt, Emilie (ed.), Women’s Lives in Medieval Europe: A Sourcebook (Routledge, 1993).
Anon. (previously attributed to Lydgate, John), London Lickpenny.
Bentley, Samuel (ed.), Excerpta Historica (1831).
Bird, W. H. B and K. H. Ledward (eds), Calendar of State Papers, Henry VI, Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III (1953).
Bordin, de Johannes, Henrici Quinti, Angliae Regis (London: Sumptibus Societatis, 1850).
Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward IV 1461–1468.
Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry VI 1422–1461 and 1470–1471.
Calendar of Fine Rolls, Henry V 1413–1422.
Calendar of Fine Rolls, Henry VI, 1422–1461.
Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI 1422–1461.
Calendar of State Papers of Milan 1385–1618.
Clive, Henry Robert, Documents Relating to the History of Ludlow (J. Van Vorst, 1841).
Davies, J. S. (ed.), An English Chronicle of the Reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V and Henry VI (London: Camden Society, 1856).
Ellis, Henry (ed.), New Chronicles of England and France in two parts by Robert Fabyan, 1516 (London, 1811).
Ellis, Henry (ed.), Three Books of Polydore Vergil’s English History, comprising the reigns of Henry VI, Edward IV and Richard III (Camden Society, 1844).
Furnivall, Frederick J., Early English Meals and Manners (Oxford University Press, 1868).
Gairdner, James (ed.), Gregory’s Chronicle 1461–9 (London, 1876).
Gairdner, James (ed.), The Paston Letters (Alan Sutton, 1986).
Gairdner, James (ed.), The Paston Letters, 1422–1509 (Edinburgh: John Grant, 1910).
Giles, John Allen, The Chronicles of the White Rose of York (London: James Bohn, 1845).
Hali Maidenhad in Amt, Emilie, Women’s Lives in Medieval Europe, A Sourcebook (Routledge, 1993).
Harding, Vanessa and Laura Wright (eds), Bridge House Weekly Payments Book, Volume 2, London Bridge, Selected Accounts and Rentals 1381–1538 (1995) [Online: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=1273, accessed 21 January 2014].
Hilton, Walter, The Scale of Perfection (London: James Philp, 1870).
Irish Chancery Letters, Patent Roll 28 Henry VI 1449–1450.
James I of Scotland, The Kingis Quair (ed. Walter Skeat) (Edinburgh: Blackwood & Sons, 1911).
Johnes, Thomas (trans.), The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet (London: William Smith, 1840).
Monstrelet, Enguerrard, Chronicles (France: W. Smith, 1840).
Nichols, John Gough (ed.), London Pageants 1: An Account of Sixty Royal Processions and Entertainments in the city of London, chiefly extracted from contemporary writers (J. B. Nichols & Son, 1831).
Nichols, John Gough and John Bruce (eds), Wills from Doctors’ Commons 1495–1693 (Camden Society, 1863).
Nicolas, Sir Harris (ed.), Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council of England, V, 15 Henry IV to 21 Henry VI (PRO, 1835).
Rickert, Edith (ed.), The Babees’ Book or Medieval Manners for the Young (Chatto & Windus, 1908).
Riley, H. T., Memorials of London and London Life (1868) [Online: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=585, accessed 21 January 2014].
Robbins, R. H. (ed.), Historical Poems of the XIVth and XVth centuries (New York, 1959).
Rotuli Parliamentorum, Volume 5: 1439–1472.
Rymer, Thomas, Foedera (1704–1713).
Scattergood, V. J., Politics and Poetry in the Fifteenth Century (Blandford Press, 1971).
Stevenson, Joseph (ed.), Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Wars of the English in France in the Reign of Henry VI, King of England (Longman Green, 1841).
‘The Chronicle of the Grey Friars: Henry VI’, Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London: Camden Society Old Series, 53 (1852), pp. 15–21.
The Regulations and Establishment of the Household of Henry Alg
ernon Percy, the fifth Earl of Northumberland, at his castles of Wresill and Lekinfield in Northumberland in Yorkshire (London, 1770).
Twemlow, J. A., Calendar of Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 7 1417–1431 (1906) [Online: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=986, accessed 21 January 2014].
Usk, Adam of, Chronicon Adae de Usk 1377–1421 (trans. Edward Maunde Thompson) (London: H. Frowde, 1904).
Various medieval lyrics, University of Rochester online TEAMS texts [Online: http://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text-online, accessed 21 January 2014].
Windeatt, B. A. (ed.), The Book of Margery Kempe (Penguin, 2000).
Secondary Sources
Andrews, Allen, Kings and Queens of England and Scotland (London: Marshall Cavendish Publications, 1976).
Archer, Rowena E. and Simon Walker (eds), Rulers and Ruled in Late Medieval England (Hambledon Press, 1995).
Banks, William Stott, Walks in Yorkshire: Wakefield (Longmans, 1871).
Blatherwick, Simon and Richard Bluer, ‘Great Houses, Moats and Mills on the South Bank of the Thames: Medieval and Tudor Southwark and Rotherhithe’, Museum of London Archaeology Monograph 47 (Museum of London Archaeology, 2009), pp. xvii, 246.
Camidge, Charles Edward, A History of Wakefield and its Industrial and Fine Art Exhibition (Hamilton, Adams & Co., 1866).
Chiquart, Maistre, Du Fait de Cuisine (trans. Elizabeth Cook) [Online: http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Cookbooks/Du_Fait_de_Cuisine/du_fait_de_c_contents.html, accessed 21 January 2014].
Clark, Linda (ed.), Of Mice and Men: Image, Belief and Regulation in Late Medieval England (Boydell Press, 2005).
Cook, Sir Theodore Andrea, The Story of Rouen (J. M. Dent, 1899).
Coss, Peter, The Lady in Medieval England 1000–1500 (Sutton, 1998).
Crawford, Anne, Letters of Medieval Women (Sutton, 2002).
Crawford, Anne, The Yorkists: The History of a Dynasty (Hambledon Continuum, 2007).
Curtis, Edmund, ‘Richard, Duke of York, as Viceroy of Ireland 1447–1460’, The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Seventh Series, 2(2) (1932), pp. 158–186.
Dockray, Keith and Richard Knowles, The Battle of Wakefield (Wakefield M. D. Council, 1999).
Dufferwiel, Martin, Durham: Over 1,000 Years of History and Legend (Mainstream, 1996).
Edginton, Brian W., Charles Waterton: A Biography (James Clarke & Co., 1996).
F. M. L., The Visitor’s Guide to Raby Castle, Barnard Castle and the Neighbourhood (London: Whittaker & Co. London, 1857).
Fritze, Ronald M. and William Robinson, Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England 1272–1485 (Greenwood, 2002).
Fryde, E. B., Studies in Medieval Trade and Finance (Continuum, 1993).
Gilbert, J. T., History of the Viceroys of Ireland with Notices of the Castle of Dublin (J. Duffy, 1865).
Gordon, G. S. (ed.), Peachum’s Compleat Gentleman 1634 (The Clarendon Press, 1906).
Gregory, Philippa, The White Queen (Touchstone, 2009).