Book Read Free

The Chinese Typewriter

Page 49

by Thomas Mullaney


  “Zhang Bangyong: National Phonetic Alphabet Bangyong Shorthand (Zhang Bangyong xiansheng guoyin bangyong shuji shu) [張 邦 永 先 生 國 音 邦 永 速 記 術].” New World (Xin shijie) [新 世 界] 50 (1934): 57.

  Zhongguo dianbao xinbian [中 國 電 報 新 編] 1881. Rigsarkivet [Danish National Archives], Copenhagen, Denmark. 10619 GN Store Nord A/S. 1870–1969 Kode- og telegrafbøger. Kodebøger 1924–1969.

  Zhongnan People’s Press (Zhongnan renmin chubanshe) [中 南 人 民 出 版 社], ed. The Zhang Jiying Typesetting Method (Zhang Jiying jianzifa) [張 繼 英 揀 字 法]. Hankou: Zhongnan renmin chubanshe, 1952.

  Zhou Daowu [周 道 悟]. “Whatever Work Aims to Complete and Not to Fail the Five Year Plan, All That Work Is Glorious! (Renhe laodong, dou shi wancheng wunian jihua buke queshaode laodong, dou shi guangrongde laodong!) [任 何 勞 動,都 是 完 成 五 年 計 畫 不 可 缺 少 的,都 是 光 荣 的 勞 動!].” 1956. PC-1956-013, personal collection, chineseposters.net.

  Zhou Houkun [周 厚 坤]. “Diagram Explaining Production of Chinese Typewriter (Chuangzhi Zhongguo daziji tushuo) [創 制 中 國 打 字 機 圖 說].” Eastern Miscellany (Dongfang zazhi) [東 方 雜 誌] 12, no. 10 (October 1915): 28–31.

  Zhou Houkun [周 厚 坤]. “Patent Document for Common Usage Typewriter Tray (Tongsu dazipan shangqueshu) [通 俗 打 字 盤 商 榷 書].” Educational Review (Jiaoyu zazhi) [字 教 育 雜 誌] 9, no. 3 (March 1917): 12–14.

  Zhou Houkun [周 厚 坤] and Chen Tingrui [陳 霆 銳]. “A Newly Invented Typewriter for China (Xin faming Zhongguo zhi daziji) [新 發 明 中 國 之 打 字 機].” Zhonghua xuesheng jie [中 華 學 生 界] 1, no. 9 (September 25, 1915): 1–11.

  Zhou Yukun [周 玉 昆], ed. Chinese Typing Method (Huawen dazi fa) [華 文 打 字 法]. Nanjing: Bati yinshuasuo [拔 提 印 刷 所], 1934.

  “Zhou and Wang Are Quintessential Scholars (Zhou Wang liang jun juexue) [周 王 兩 君 絕 學].” Shenbao [申 報] (July 24, 1916), 10.

  Zhu Shirong [朱 世 荣], ed. Manual for Chinese Typists (Zhongwen daziyuan shouce) [中 文 打 字 员 手 册]. Chongqing: Chongqing chubanshe, 1988. Appendix includes Chinese Typewriter Tray Bed Comprehensive Character Arrangement Reference Table (Zhong­wen daziji zipan zi zonghe pailie cankaobiao) [中 文 打 字 机 字 盘 字 综 合 排 列 参 考 表].

  English-Language Sources

  “Accuracy: The First Requirement of a Typewriter.” Dun’s Review 5 (1905): 119.

  Adal, Raja. “The Flower of the Office: The Social Life of the Japanese Typewriter in its First Decade.” Presentation at the Association for Asian Studies Annual Meeting, March 31–April 3, 2011.

  Adas, Michael. Machines as the Measure of Men: Science, Technology, and Ideologies of Western Dominance. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.

  “Additional Japanese Typewriters and the Engagement of Typists.” Memo from Shanghai Municipal Council Secretary to the Co-ordinating Committee. SMA U1-4-3796 (February 15, 1943), 36.

  Adler, Michael H. The Writing Machine: A History of the Typewriter. London: Allen and Unwin, 1973.

  “An Agreement entered into the 10th day of August, 1887 between the Imperial Chinese Telegraph Company and Great Northern Telegraph Company of Copenhagen and the Eastern Extension, Australasia and China Telegraph Company, Limited.” Cable and Wireless Archive DOC/EEACTC/1/304 E.Ex.A&C.T. Co. Ltd Agreements with China and Great Northern Telegraph Co. etc. (August 10, 1887), 185–195.

  Ahvenainen, Jorma. The European Cable Companies in South America before the First World War. Helsinki: Finnish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 2004.

  Allard, J. Frank. “Type-Writing Machine.” United States Patent no. 1188875. Filed January 13, 1913; patented June 27, 1916.

  Allard, J. Frank. “Typewriting Machine.” United States Patent no. 1454613. Filed June 8, 1921; patented May 8, 1923.

  Allen, Joseph R. “I Will Speak, Therefore, of a Graph: A Chinese Metalanguage.” Language in Society 21, no. 2 (June 1992): 189–206.

  “An American View of the Chinese Typewriter.” Shanghai Puck 1, no. 1 (September 1, 1918): 28.

  Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Rev. ed. New York: Verso, 1991.

  Andreas, Joel. Rise of the Red Engineers: The Cultural Revolution and the Origins of China’s New Class. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.

  “Annual Report of the Philadelphia Museums, Commercial Museum.” Philadelphia: Commercial Museum, 1923.

  Arbisser, Micah Efram. “Lin Yutang and his Chinese Typewriter.” Princeton University Senior Thesis no. 13048 (2001).

  Arnold, David. Everyday Technology: Machines and the Making of India’s Modernity. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2013.

  “At Last—A Chinese Typewriter—A Remington.” Remington Export Review, n.d., 7. Hagley Museum and Library. Accession no. 1825. Remington Rand Corporation. Records of the Advertising and Sales Promotion Department. Series I Typewriter Div. Subseries B, Remington Typewriter Company, box 3, vol. 3. [No date appears on the copy housed in the Hagley Museum collection, although the drawing of a Chinese keyboard diagram included within the article is dated February 10, 1921.]

  Baark, Erik. Lightning Wires: The Telegraph and China’s Technological Modernization, 1860–1890. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997.

  Bachrach, Susan. Dames Employées: The Feminization of Postal Work in Nineteenth-Century France. London: Routledge, 1984.

  Bailey, Paul J. Reform the People: Changing Attitudes towards Popular Education in Early Twentieth-Century China. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990.

  Barr, John H., and Arthur W. Smith. “Type-Writing Machine.” United States Patent no. 1250416. Filed August 4, 1917; patented December 18, 1917.

  Bayly, Christopher. Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780–1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999 [1996].

  Beeching, Wilfred A. Century of the Typewriter. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1974.

  Behr, Wolfgang. “Early Medieval Philosophical Crabs.” Presentation at the “Literary Forms of Argument in Pre-Modern China” Workshop, Queen’s College, University of Oxford, September 16–18, 2009.

  Bektas, Yakup. “Displaying the American Genius: The Electromagnetic Telegraph in the Wider World.” British Journal for the History of Science 34, no. 2 (June 2001): 199–232.

  Bektas, Yakup. “The Sultan’s Messenger: Cultural Constructions of Ottoman Telegraphy, 1847–1880.” Technology and Culture 41 (2000): 669–696.

  Bellovin, Steve. “Compression, Correction, Confidentiality, and Comprehension: A Modern Look at Commercial Telegraph Codes.” Paper presented at the Cryptologic History Symposium (Laurel, MD), 2009.

  Benjamin, Walter. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. In Illuminations. Translated by Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken Books, 1968, 217–252.

  Bijker, Wiebe E. “Do Not Despair: There Is Life after Constructivism.” Science, Technology and Human Values 18, no. 1 (Winter 1993): 113–138.

  Bijker, Wiebe E. Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs: Toward a Theory of Sociotechnical Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997 [1995].

  Bijker, Wiebe E., and John Law, eds. Constructing Stable Technologies: Towards a Theory of Sociotechnical Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992.

  Bloom, Alfred H. “The Impact of Chinese Linguistic Structure on Cognitive Style.” Current Anthropology 20, no. 3 (1979): 585–601.

  Bloom, Alfred H. The Linguistic Shaping of Thought: A Study in the Impact of Language on Thinking in China and the West. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum, 1981.

  Bodde, Derk. Chinese Thought, Society, and Science: The Intellectual and Social Background of Science and Technology in Pre-Modern China. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 1991.

  Boltz, William G. “Logic, Language, and Grammar in Early China.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 120, no. 2 (April–June 2000): 218–229.

  Bonavia, David. “Coming to Gr
ips with a Chinese Typewriter.” Times (London) (May 8, 1973), 8.

  Borgman, Christine L. From Gutenberg to the Global Information Infrastructure: Access to Information in the Networked World. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003 [2000].

  Bourdieu, Pierre. The Logic of Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.

  Bowker, Geoffrey C. Memory Practices in the Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005.

  Bowker, Geoffrey C., and Susan Leigh Star. Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.

  Brokaw, Cynthia. “Book History in Premodern China: The State of the Discipline.” Book History 10 (2007): 253–290.

  Brokaw, Cynthia J. “Reading the Best-Sellers of the Nineteenth Century: Commercial Publishers in Sibao.” In Printing and Book Culture in Late Imperial China, edited by Cynthia Brokaw and Kai-wing Chow. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

  Brokaw, Cynthia, and Kai-wing Chow, eds. Printing and Book Culture in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

  Brokaw, Cynthia, and Christopher Reed, eds. From Woodblocks to the Internet: Chinese Publishing and Print Culture in Transition, Circa 1800 to 2008. Boston and Leiden: Brill, 2010.

  Brook, Timothy. Collaboration: Japanese Agents and Local Elites in Wartime China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007.

  Brown, Alexander T. “Type-Writing Machine.” United States Patent no. 855832. Filed June 29, 1904/reapplied August 8, 1905; patented June 4, 1907.

  Brown, Alexander T. “Type-Writing Machine.” United States Patent no. 911198. Filed June 29, 1904; patented February 2, 1909.

  Brown, William Norman. “Report on the Chinese Typewriter.” May 16, 1948. University of Pennsylvania Archives—W. Norman Brown Papers (UPT 50 B879), box 10, folder 5.

  Brumbaugh, Robert S. “Chinese Typewriter.” United States Patent no. 2526633. Filed September 25, 1946; patented October 24, 1950.

  Bryson, Bill. Mother Tongue: The English Language. New York: Penguin, 1999.

  Bull, W. “A Short History of the Shanghai Station.” Shanghai: n.p., 1893. [Handwritten Manuscript] Cable and Wireless Archive DOC/EEACTC/12/10.

  Bunnag, Tej. The Provincial Administration of Siam, 1892–1915: The Ministry of the Interior under Prince Damrong Rajanubhab. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1977.

  Burgess, Anthony. “Minding the Ps and Qs of our ABCs.” Observer (April 7, 1991), 63.

  Buschmann, Theodor Eugen. “Letter-Width-Spacing Mechanism in Typewriters.” United States Patent no. 1472825. Filed March 23, 1921; patented November 6, 1923.

  Canales, Jimena. A Tenth of a Second. A History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

  Carter, John. “The New World Market.” New World Review 21, no. 9 (October 1953): 38–43.

  Carter, Thomas Francis. The Invention of Printing in China and Its Spread Westward. New York: Ronald Press Co., 1955.

  Cartoon of Chinese Typewriter. St. Louis Globe-Democrat (January 11, 1901), 2–3.

  Chan, Hok-lam. Control of Publishing in China, Past and Present. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1983.

  Chang, C.C. “Heun Chi Invents a Chinese Typewriter.” Chinese Students’ Monthly 10, no. 7 (April 1, 1915): 459.

  Chang, Kang-i Sun, Haun Saussy, and Charles Yim-tze Kwong, eds. Women Writers of Traditional China: An Anthology of Poetry and Criticism. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.

  Characters Formed by the Divisible Type Belonging to the Chinese Mission of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. Macao: Presbyterian Press, 1844.

  Chartier, Roger. The Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France. Translated by Lydia G. Cochrane. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.

  Chartier, Roger. Forms and Meanings: Texts, Performances, and Audiences from Codex to Computer. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 1985.

  Chartier, Roger. “Gutenberg Revisited from the East.” Translated by Jill A. Friedman. Late Imperial China 17, no. 1 (1996): 1–9.

  Chartier, Roger. “Texts, Printing, Readings.” In The New Cultural History, edited by Lynn Hunt, 154–175. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

  Chen, Jianhua. “Canon Formation and Linguistic Turn: Literary Debates in Republican China, 1919–1949.” In Beyond the May Fourth Paradigm: In Search of Chinese Modernity, edited by Kai-wing Chow, Tze-ki Hon, Hung-yok Ip, and Don C. Price. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008, 51–67.

  Chen, Li. Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes: Sovereignty, Justice, and Transcultural Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2015.

  Chen Lifu. Storm Clouds Over China: The Memoirs of Ch’en Li-fu, 1900–1993. Edited by Sidney Chang and Ramon Myers. Stanford: Hoover Institute Press, 1994.

  Cheng, Linsun. Banking in Modern China: Entrepreneurs, Professional Managers, and the Development of Chinese Banks, 1897–1937. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

  Chi, Heuen [Qi Xuan]. Chinese Exclusion Act File. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC.

  Chi, Heuen [Qi Xuan]. “Apparatus for Writing Chinese.” United States Patent no. 1260753. Filed April 17, 1915; patented March 26, 1918.

  Chia, Lucille. Printing for Profit. The Commercial Publishers of Jianyang, Fujian. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2003.

  Chiang, Yee. Chinese Calligraphy: An Introduction to Its Aesthetics and Techniques. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973 [1938].

  “Child of the Quarantine: One More Passenger on the Nippon Maru List—Baby Born During Angel Island Stay.” San Francisco Chronicle (July 11, 1899), 12.

  “China.” Atchison Daily Globe (April 11, 1898), 1.

  China as It Really Is. London: Eveleigh Nash, 1912.

  “China, Commercial Press Exhibit.” City of Philadelphia, Department of Records. Record Group 232 (Sesquicentennial Exhibition Records), 232-4-8.1 “Department of Foreign Participation,” box A-1474, folder 8, series folder 29.

  “Chinaman Invents Chinese Typewriter Using 4,000 Characters.” New York Times (July 23, 1916), SM15.

  “China Oct 1926.” City of Philadelphia, Department of Records. Record Group 232 (Sesquicentennial Exhibition Records), 232-4-8.1 “Department of Foreign Participation,” box A-1474, folder 7, series folder 28.

  “Chinese Characters Sent by Telegraph Machine.” Los Angeles Times (November 22, 1936), 5.

  “Chinese Divisible Type.” Chinese Repository 14 (March 1845): 124–129.

  “Chinese Language and Dialects.” Missionary Herald 31 (May 1835): 197–201.

  “Chinese Phonetic on a Typewriter.” Popular Science 97, no. 2 (August 1920): 116.

  “Chinese Project: The Lin Yutang Chinese Typewriter.” Mergenthaler Linotype Company Records, 1905–1993, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, box 3628. Multiple Dates in 1950 Listed.

  “Chinese Put on Typewriter by Lin Yutang.” Los Angeles Times (August 22, 1947), 2.

  “Chinese Romanized—Keyboard no. 141.” Hagley Museum and Library. Accession no. 1825. Remington Rand Corporation. Records of the Advertising and Sales Promotion Department. Series I Typewriter Div. Subseries B, Remington Typewriter Company, box 3, vol. 1.

  Chinese Second Historical Archives (Zhongguo di’er lishi dang’anguan), ed. Historical Materials on the Old Chinese Maritime Customs, 1859–1948. Vol. 112 (1932) (Zhongguo jiu haiguan shiliao) [中 國 舊 海 關 史 料]. Beijing: Jinghua Press [京 華 出 版 社], 2001.

  Chinese Second Historical Archives (Zhongguo di’er lishi dang’anguan), ed. Historical Materials on the Old Chinese Maritime Customs, 1859–1948. Vol. 114 (1933) (Zhongguo jiu haiguan shiliao) [中 國 舊 海 關 史 料]. Beijing: Jinghua Press [京 華 出 版 社], 2001.

  Chinese Second Historical Archives (Zhongguo di’er lishi dang’anguan), ed. Historical Materials on the Old Chinese Maritime Customs, 1859–1948. Vol. 118 (1935) (Zhongguo jiu haiguan shiliao) [中 國 舊 海 關 �
� 料]. Beijing: Jinghua Press [京 華 出 版 社], 2001.

  Chinese Second Historical Archives (Zhongguo di’er lishi dang’anguan), ed. Historical Materials on the Old Chinese Maritime Customs, 1859–1948. Vol. 122 (1936) (Zhongguo jiu haiguan shiliao) [中 國 舊 海 關 史 料]. Beijing: Jinghua Press [京 華 出 版 社], 2001.

  Chinese Second Historical Archives (Zhongguo di’er lishi dang’anguan), ed. Historical Materials on the Old Chinese Maritime Customs, 1859–1948. Vol. 126 (1937) (Zhongguo jiu haiguan shiliao) [中 國 舊 海 關 史 料]. Beijing: Jinghua Press [京 華 出 版 社], 2001.

  Chinese Second Historical Archives (Zhongguo di’er lishi dang’anguan), ed. Historical Materials on the Old Chinese Maritime Customs, 1859–1948. Vol. 130 (1938) (Zhongguo jiu haiguan shiliao) [中 國 舊 海 關 史 料]. Beijing: Jinghua Press [京 華 出 版 社], 2001.

  Chinese Second Historical Archives (Zhongguo di’er lishi dang’anguan), ed. Historical Materials on the Old Chinese Maritime Customs, 1859–1948. Vol. 134 (1939) (Zhongguo jiu haiguan shiliao) [中 國 舊 海 關 史 料]. Beijing: Jinghua Press [京 華 出 版 社], 2001.

  Chinese Second Historical Archives (Zhongguo di’er lishi dang’anguan), ed. Historical Materials on the Old Chinese Maritime Customs, 1859–1948. Vol. 138 (1940) (Zhongguo jiu haiguan shiliao) [中 國 舊 海 關 史 料]. Beijing: Jinghua Press [京 華 出 版 社], 2001.

  Chinese Second Historical Archives (Zhongguo di’er lishi dang’anguan), ed. Historical Materials on the Old Chinese Maritime Customs, 1859–1948. Vol. 142 (1941) (Zhongguo jiu haiguan shiliao) [中 國 舊 海 關 史 料]. Beijing: Jinghua Press [京 華 出 版 社], 2001.

  Chinese Second Historical Archives (Zhongguo di’er lishi dang’anguan), ed. Historical Materials on the Old Chinese Maritime Customs, 1859–1948. Vol. 144 (1942) (Zhongguo jiu haiguan shiliao) [中 國 舊 海 關 史 料]. Beijing: Jinghua Press [京 華 出 版 社], 2001.

  “A Chinese Type-Writer.” Chinese Times (March 1888), 143.

  “A Chinese Typewriter.” Peking Gazette (November 1, 1915), 3.

 

‹ Prev