Churchill's Iceman
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139 ‘understood too well . . . imparted’: Ibid., p. 236
139 ‘the draw they were exercising’: Institute of Education, London – N1/D/2, p. 8
140 GP as one of Cambridge’s leading lights: Whyte, Focus and Diversions, p. 48
140 ‘an Assyrian king’: Margaret Gardiner, A Scatter of Memories (London: Free Association Books), 1988, p. 72
140 ‘Philosophers have only’: Karl Marx, Eleventh Thesis, ‘Theses on Feuerbach’, Marx/Engels Internet Archive (marxists.org) accessed on 24 June 2013
141 undergraduates breaking strike: Charlotte Haldane, Truth Will Out (New York: Vanguard), 1950, p. 54
141 ‘intensely distracted’: GP Notebook, 27 August 1941
141–2 an exotic trade: The Metal Bulletin, 17 November 1959, p. 13
142 ‘no longer made any difference’: Bankruptcy Court, 13 February 1929, p. 3
142 ‘immensely less speculative’: Ibid.
143 over £20,000 trading profit: Based on the National Archives currency converter (measured to 2005): http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/currency/results.asp#mid
143 ‘certainly impressed’: Harry G. Cordert to Nathan Isaacs, 10 December 1959, Institute of Education, London – N1/D/3
143 CEI to flush out speculators: Alfred Dupont Chandler, Scale and Scope (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press), 2004, p. 126
143 CEI to have greats control of market: Graham, Susan Isaacs, p. 134; van der Eyken and Turner, Adventures, p. 58
144 ‘Why do children’: Bankruptcy Hearing No. 243 of 1928, ‘Geoffrey Nathaniel Pyke’, BT 226/4520, p. 12
145 ‘It fair makes you sick’: van der Eyken and Turner, Adventures, p. 55
145 ‘Even Geoffrey Pike’: Ibid.
145–7 ‘Remarkably interesting . . . every child’: ‘C.S.’ review of ‘Let’s Find Out’, Spectator, 23 July 1927
147 ‘Moulds are wrong’: Quoted in van der Eyken and Turner, Adventures, p. 20
147 children wanting boundaries: ‘Memorandum of staff meeting held together with the children on November 11th 1928, 2 p.m.’
148 ‘irrespective of money’: Bankruptcy Hearing No. 243 of 1928, p. 27
148 ‘imbecility’: van der Eyken and Turner, Adventures, p. 61
149 ‘I don’t want to hurt you’: Institute of Education, London – N1/D/2, p. 32
149 ‘quite naturally displaced’: Ibid., p. 8
149 ‘I’ve no resentment’: Ibid., p. 6
149 ‘free play. . . mind’: Ibid.
150 claims of £72,701: ‘Differentiations in Prices’, Financial Times, 31 January 1929
151 ‘possibly the greatest galaxy’: van der Eyken and Turner, Adventures, p. 64
151 ‘great scheme’: Bankruptcy Hearing No. 243 of 1928, p. 44
151 ‘never seen so much’: E. Lawrence, ‘The Malting House School’, 1927, unpublished document
151 influence of Isaac’s books: Malcolm Pines, ‘Susan S. Isaacs’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004
152 influence of Nunn’s department van der Eyken and Turner, Adventures, p. 66
152 ‘Quibbling again?’: Bankruptcy Hearing No. 243 of 1928, p. 8
152 ‘tissue of falsehoods’: Ibid., p. 63
152 ‘indisposition’: Ibid., p. 20
152 ‘sudden illness’: ‘Costs of the Trustee of and relating to the Public Examination of the Debtor’, No. 243 of 1928, B 9/1073, p. 11
152–3 GP declares himself ill: Geoffrey Pyke, 19 March 1929, B 9/1073
153 ‘dangerously ill’: H. E. Nourse and C. H. Budd, 22 April 1929, B 9/1073
153 ‘he will not be fit’: Dr Robert Nicholl, 30 May 1929, B 9/1073
153 ‘bordering upon insanity’: ‘Costs of the Trustee of and relating to the Public Examination of the Debtor’, No. 243 of 1928, B 9/1073, p. 18
154 ‘her husband died’: Jennifer S. Uglow, Maggy Hendry, Frances Hinton, The Northeastern Dictionary of Women’s Biography (Boston: Northeastern University Press), 1998, p. 441
How to Resolve an Epidemic of Anti-Semitism, a Royal Scandal and the threat of Fascism
158–9 ‘emotional . . . anti-Semitism of reason’: Adolf Hitler to Adolf Gemlich, 16 Sept 1919, quoted in Alan Steinweis, Studying the Jew (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press), 2006, p. 8
159 100,000 Jews in the German Army David Pyke and Jean Medawar, Hitler’s Gift (New York: Arcade), 2012, p. 12; Phyllis Goldstein, A Convenient Hatred (Brookline, Mass.: Facing History and Ourselves), 2012, p. 259
160 ‘Semitic in its persistency’: Pyke, To Ruhleben, p. 17
160 GP rows with Jewish barber: R. Pyke, Roland Greer, p. 211
160 ‘I have been told’: GP Notebook, c. 1935
161 ‘the Jews among all’: GP to Lord Lytton, c. 1936
161 ‘zig-zagged across the 1930s’: Claud Cockburn, I, Claud (London: Penguin), 1967, p. 344
161 ‘Belief in contemporary Germany’: Geoffrey Pyke, ‘Politics and Witchcraft’, The New Statesman and Nation, 5 September 1936, vol. XII, No. 289, pp. 312–314
162 ‘the guilty were roasted’: ‘Politics and Witchcraft’ unpublished MSS sent originally to R. M. Barrington Ward at The Times
162 ‘one thing is clear’: Pyke, ‘Politics and Witchcraft’, pp. 312–314
163 ‘perhaps the first result’: Ibid.
163 ‘It is idle to argue’: Michael Holroyd, Bernard Shaw (London: Vintage), 1998, p. 732
163 ‘The answer to those’: Pyke, ‘Politics and Witchcraft’, pp. 312–314
163 ‘people will take’: GP to Sidney Webb, c. 1936
163 ‘Let a man be thought’: GP to Lord Lytton, c. 1936
164 ‘the man who unless’: GP to Sidney Webb, c. 1936
164 what made this solution remarkable: Andrew McFadyean to GP, 17 June 1936
164 debts written off: He owed just £4 by January 1935, BT 226/4520
165 ‘commonsense . . . humour’: David Keilin to GP, 13 Feb 1935
165 Marquess of Reading’s refusal: Rufus Isaacs to GP, 30 May 1935
165 early backers of GP’s plan: Melchett was one of the first to come on board, as he explained in a letter to GP, 2 December 1934
166 ‘a really good cause’: Chaim Weizmann to Jan Smuts, undated
166 ‘Do you know of any better’: GP Notebook, 1935
167 ‘a mere dreamer’: Comments on the Captain of Koppenick, 1942, p. 3
167 ‘some of us wish’: ‘True Aspect of the Coronation’, The Telegraph and Argus, 1 December 1936
167–8 ‘Society is suspended’: Entry for 17 November 1936. A. Duff Cooper, John Julius Norwich (ed.), Duff Cooper Diaries: 1915–1951 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson), 2005, p. 230
168 ‘there is little doubt’: Lord Hardinge of Penhurst, The Times, 29 November 1955
168 ‘with the exception of’: Clement Attlee, As it Happened (London: Heinemann), 1954, p. 86
168 ‘I do know public opinion’: Cabinet Minutes, 27 November 1936, CAB 23/86 vol. LIII 69 (36)
168 ‘the Gallup Poll’: The Duke of Windsor, A King’s Story (London: Cassell), 1951, p. 331
168 ‘it was curious’: Duff Cooper, Duff Cooper Diaries, p. 236
170 ‘anthropology . . . anti-Semitism’: Humphrey Jennings, Charles Madge, Thomas Harrisson, ‘Anthropology at Home’, The New Statesman and Nation, 30 January 1937
170 ‘under trained . . . recorded’: Evelyn Lawrence, ‘The Malting House School’, National Froebel Foundation Bulletin, February 1949, vol. 56, p. 5
171 ‘preliminary soundings’: GP Notebook, 1937
171 ‘one of those moments’: Martha Gellhorn to Phillip Knightley, quoted in Caroline Moorehead, Martha Gellhorn (Vintage), 2011, Kindle location 2376 of 11015
172 ‘Never has there been’: Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes (London, 1995), p. 144
172 ‘a de facto Popular Front’: Tom Buchanan, The Spanish Civil War and the British Labour Movement (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 1991, p. 138
173 ‘covered . .
. song’: GP Notebook, c. 1941
175 ‘failed to respond’: GP Notebook, 30 July 1941
175 ‘complexity . . . Labour movement’: GP to J. D. Bernal, 12 April 1937
176 ‘dangerous precedent’: W. J. Bolton, ‘Voluntary industrial aid: inter-departmental correspondence’, 29 May 1937, Archives of the Trades Union Congress. 292/946/36/23(v)
176 ‘rather unfortunate’: Vincent Tewson, ‘Voluntary Industrial Aid: memorandum of interview with Geoffrey Pyke’, 12 April 1937, Archives of the Trades Union Congress, 292/946/36/47
176 TUC rejects VIAS: Buchanan, The Spanish Civil War, p. 162
176 ‘complete destitution’: GP to J. D. Bernal, 18 April 1937
176 ‘To forego’: ‘I Enclose’ undated VIAS pamphlet, c. 1938
178 item sent by VIAS: Ibid.
178 details of VIAS cells: Michael Weatherburn, ‘Motorcycles, Mattresses, and Microscopes: Geoffrey Pyke, the Communist Party, and Voluntary Industrial Aid for Spain, 1936–9’, paper presented to the Voluntary Action History Society Workshop, Southampton University, 10 October 2012 – see also files K91-K94, Joseph Needham papers, Cambridge University Library
178 ‘real capital’: GP, Memorandum to the Spain Campaign Committee of the Labour Party, January 1938, p. 47
178 ‘starting to understand’: Weatherburn, ‘Motorcycles, Mattresses, and Microscopes’, – see also Arthur Exell, ‘Morris Motors in the 1930s. Part II: Politics and Trade Unionism’, History Workshop Journal 7:1 (1979)
179 ‘social entrepreneurs’: GP, Undated Memorandum on operations of VIAS constructional groups, Sheet 22
179 ‘not yet trained myself’: GP, Second part of Memorandum to the Spain Campaign Committee of the Labour Party, 15 February 1938
179–80 ‘I am very conscious’: GP to J. D. Bernal, 12 April 1937
180 ‘complete confidence’: GP, Second part of Memorandum to the Spain Campaign Committee of the Labour Party, 15 February 1938
181 ‘one of the most valuable’: Sir Edward Ward, ‘Report on the National Scheme of Coordination of Voluntary Effort’, HM Stationery office; July 1919
181 GP finds forgetting unforgivable: GP, ‘Murder and Forgetfulness’, 1938
181 moss gathered near Balmoral: Undated newspaper cutting entitled ‘Princesses gather moss for bandages’, probably late 1940
181 VIAS Vehicles in Spain: The Times, 2 May 1938
181 Spanish minister praises VIAS: Weatherburn, ‘Motorcycles Mattresses, and Microscopes’, – see also Exell, ‘Morris Motors’
182 ‘a country whose deepest’: ‘I Enclose’ undated VIA pamphlet, probably 1938
182 ‘Wisdom is like gold’: GP, ‘If I Were A Dictator’, p. 14
How to Prevent a War
183 ‘His quality of mind’: Peter Raleigh, ‘Communism’, unpublished memoirs
183 Raleigh taken aside by Kettle: Ibid.
184 ‘Mad Scientist’: Peter Raleigh, ‘Germany’, unpublished memoirs
185 ‘If the main facts’: Manchester Guardian, 29 August 1938
185 ‘For me the world changed’: GP Notebook, ‘July 20 to July 31, 1941’
185 ‘The civilian population’: GP, ‘Message to the Workers of Germany Over Hitler’s Head’, 28 September 1938
186 National Council of Labour releases GP’s message: ‘British Labour’s “Message to German People”’, Manchester Guardian, 28 September 1938
186 ‘the common assumptions’: GP Notebook, 8 August 1941
186–7 ‘among the first’: GP Notebook, c. September 1941
187 ‘not only practicable’: GP Notebook, 8 August 1941
187 ‘The fact of the matter’: Hugh Sinclair quoted in Keith Jeffery, MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service (London: Bloomsbury), 2011, p. 295
188 ‘by a short head’: GP to Vernon Bartlett, 4 October 1939
189 ‘a drunkard’: Passport papers for Watson, 15/11/38, KV 2/3035/25a
189 ‘a woman suspected’: KV 2/3035/24a
189 ‘unsuitable for employment’: KV 2/3035/31a
189 GP gives nothing away: GP, account of Golfing Spies, 1 May 1941
190 ‘Most of us, I suppose’: Patrick Smith, unpublished account
190 Hentschel’s poem: Hentschel, ‘Geoffrey Pyke’, Less Simple Measures, p. 44
190 ‘amply worthwhile’: GP to Norman Angell, 27 July 1939
191 ‘Higgins’ in GP’s diaries: GP Diary, 1 August 39, first mention of ‘Higgins’
192 holidaymakers on Bank Holiday: An Automobile Association official quoted in the Daily Mail, 4 August 1939
192 ‘the attention of the whole world’: GP, ‘Investigations into Public Opinion of Germany’, September 1939
193 ‘whole nation . . . optimism’: ‘General Ironside’s Report on conditions in Poland, 28 July 1939’, PREM 1/331a War Office to PM, August 1939, quoted in Richard Overy, 1939: Countdown to War (London: Viking), 2009, p. 15
194 ‘most carefully guarded’: GP, draft opening of a lecture, September 1940
194 ‘a private attempt’: GP, draft ‘Beginning of Book’, copied from Notebook, 26 August 1941
194 ‘It is true that’: GP, draft opening of a lecture, September 1940
195 ‘Ridiculous’: GP, account of Golfing Spies, 1 May 1941
195 ‘part of the general opinion’: GP Notebook, 14 October 1941
195–6 ‘Quite an interesting’: Patrick Smith to GP, via M. Ridley, 5 & 6 August 1939
196 ‘My dear Cedric’: GP to Cedric Hentschel, 12 August 1939
196 ‘Life continues strenuous’: Cedric Hentschel to GP, 10 August 1939
196 ‘For all their harsh’: Patrick Smith, unpublished account
196 ‘how much they have’: GP Notebook, 9 October 1941
196 ‘I had ridiculously over-rated’: Ibid., 14 October 1941
196 ‘go grumbling . . . every class’: Ibid., 21 October 1941
197 raining in Frankfurt’: Peter Raleigh, ‘Germany’, unpublished memoirs
197 ‘endless coffees’: Ibid.
197 ‘You are a disgusting pig’: GP to Peter Raleigh, 10 August 1939
198 Raleigh and Smith meet: GP Notebook, 9 October 1941
198 ‘rasp of the Messerschmitt’: Peter Raleigh, ‘Germany’, unpublished memoirs
198 ‘as strange as a unicorn’: Patrick Smith, unpublished account
198 ‘It should have been no surprise’: Peter Raleigh, ‘Germany’, unpublished memoirs
199 GP welcomed into Germany: Patrick Smith, unpublished account
199 ‘I suppose the best’: Peter Raleigh, ‘Germany’, unpublished memoirs
199 ‘I only once reached’: Ibid.
199 ‘as closely as is possible’; GP, ‘Proposed Plan for a One-Time Survey in Germany’, March 1939
200 publication of Britain by Mass-Observation: Judith Heimann, The Most Offending Soul Alive (London: Aurum), 2002, p. 150
200 Germans’ views on war: Peter Raleigh, ‘Reactions and General Observations’, unpublished and undated note
200 ‘Though they admitted’: Ibid.
201 ‘If that’s bad music’: Stanley Smith, undated account of his interviews
202 ‘the Nazi regime itself’: GP to Duff Cooper, 12 August 1940
203 ‘I find it all interesting’: Lal Burton to GP, 15 August 1939
203 ‘memorised perfectly’: GP, undated note
204 ‘All the isms are wasms’: As quoted in Cockburn, I, Claud p. 206
204 ‘almost tangible spirit’: Watson to GP, 24 August 1939
204 ‘The word “England”’: Watson’s account of her interviews, late August 1939
205 ‘I found him full’: GP Diary, 23 August 1939
207 train stops for German police: Peter Raleigh, ‘Germany’, unpublished memoirs
207 Raleigh evades capture: Ibid.
207 GP’s reactions to safe return of team: GP Diary, 25 August 1939
208 report from woman in Golders Green: Copy of Min. from B2b to A.2 giving th
e phone number of PYKE, 23 August 1939, KV 2/3039/15a
209 ‘if Pyke was identical’: Cross reference to Special Branch report mentioning Pyke, 7 February 1938, KV 2/3039/10a
209 ‘As I was about to enter’: Police telegram re PYKE, 26 February 1938, KV 2/3039/11a
210 ‘strong autonomous body’: GP Notebook, January 1937
210 ‘particularly anxious’: Vincent Tewson, ‘Voluntary Industrial Aid: memorandum of interview with Geoffrey Pyke’, 12 April 1937, Archives of the Trades Union Congress, 292/946/36/47
210 ‘closely linked’: Tom Buchanan, ‘The Politics of Internationalism: The Amalgamated Engineering Union and the Spanish Civil War’, Bulletin of the Society for the Study of Labour History, vol. 53, Part 3, 1988, pp. 47–55
210–11 ‘under Communist control’: Roger Hollis to David Petrie ‘From Box 201, Piccadilly B. O. re INTERNATIONAL VOLUNTARY SERVICE FOR PEACE’, 19 December 1941, KV 2/3039/32a
211 ‘the ablest professional’: Kim Philby quoted in Andrew, Defence of the Realm, p. 341
211 Sissmore requests GP’s passport papers: ‘A2c asked to obtain passport papers for PYKE’, 2 March 1938, KV 2/3039/12a
211 ‘Listening in on the telephone’: GP Notebook, 21 June 1941
211 ‘[Soviet] activity in England’: Andrew, Defence of the Realm, p. 185
213–4 ‘“pink” Cambridge . . . almost entirely’: Campbell Stuart, ‘Extracts from FO file re PYKE’, 29 April 1940, KV 2/3039/20a
214 ‘stiff with uniforms’: Peter Raleigh, ‘Germany’, unpublished memoirs
214 results of GP’s surveys: ‘Investigations into Public Opinion of Germany’, September 1939
Pyke Hunt, Part 2
217 ‘a known Communist’: Document dated 18 February 1940, this line added on 22 February 40, KV 2/3039
218 ‘the habit of listening’: ‘From Special Branch regarding Morse code signals coming from 32 Great Ormond St’, 21 February 1940, KV 2/3039/15b
218 ‘investigations failed’: ‘Cross reference re suspected illicit wireless from PYKE’s residence’, 11 March 1940, KV 2/3039/16x
218 ‘an interesting, or possibly’: Malcolm Cumming to Gilbert Lennox, 27 April 1940, KV 2/3039/19a
219 ‘on excellent terms . . . propaganda’: 20 May 1940, KV 2/3035/51a