Quantum Man: Richard Feynman's Life in Science
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European Laboratory for Nuclear Research (CERN), 124, 235, 292, 305
event horizons, 249–50
Exxon, 269
factorization, 285–86
Faddeev, Ludvig, 304
Faddeev-Popov ghost bosons, 304
Faraday, Michael, 28
Farragut, David, 32
Federation of Church and Synagogue Youth, 36
femtoseconds, 270
Fermat, Pierre de, 9
Fermat’s last theorem, 9
Fermat’s theorem of least time, 11–14, 15
Fermi, Enrico, 68, 77, 83–84, 101–2, 165, 169, 193–95, 197, 202, 210
fermions, 101–2, 104, 175
Feynman, Arline Greenbaum, 8, 43–47, 66, 67, 74, 77, 79–80, 88–89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 97, 109, 221
Feynman, Carl, 222, 276, 277
Feynman, Gweneth Howarth, 221–22, 224, 229, 238, 245
Feynman, Joan, 43, 210, 272, 294
Feynman, Lucille, 38–39, 45–46, 81, 93, 96, 222
Feynman, Mary Louise Bell, 168
Feynman, Melville, 3, 20, 36, 45, 95
Feynman, Michelle, 222
Feynman, Richard:
academic career of, 37, 45, 77–78, 80–82, 92–97, 164, 165, 168–69, 221
APA lecture of (1959), 263–72, 273
as assistant professor, 37
author’s interest in, xi–xvii, 228–29, 266, 308–9, 319
“beer party” attended by, 50, 59
Bethe’s relationship with, 81–86, 90, 92–93, 95, 97, 110, 122–23, 125–27, 139–40, 145, 154, 168, 273–74, 288, 308
biographies of, xv, xvi
bongo drums played by, 166
in Brazil, 109–10, 164–67, 168, 169, 212
as Caltech professor, 164, 165, 168–69, 193, 195, 202, 206, 214–18, 220, 223–29, 244, 263–64, 277, 278, 293–94, 315–20
cancer of, 309, 317
in Challenger investigation, xv, 309
in Chapel Hill, N.C., 245
chemistry studied by, 8
childhood of, 3–4
computational abilities of, 81, 85–88, 91, 266–67, 273–86, 308–9, 315–16
as consultant, 273, 275–76, 308
in Copacabana, 165, 166–67
as Cornell associate professor, 37, 92–97, 109, 126–27, 148, 152, 156–57, 163, 164, 165, 168, 223
correspondence of, 38–39, 44, 45–46, 77, 81, 88–89, 108, 109, 238, 245, 273
cross-country trip of, 149
cultural activities of, 43–44, 110, 163, 166, 168, 234
death of, xiv, 307, 309, 314, 317
depression of, 93–97, 109
divorce of, 168
doctoral dissertation of, 45, 65, 66, 67–68, 73–75, 76, 79, 97–98, 256–57
draft physical of, 110
drawings by, 234
drinking by, 167
Dyson’s relationship with, 141, 148–54
education of, 5–6
Einstein Prize awarded to, 221
electromagnetic research of, 23–35
engineering work of, 67, 81, 272–73
experimental data used by, 19–20, 35, 38, 67–68, 81, 85–86, 168–69, 171–72, 193–94, 209, 235–38, 245, 293–300, 312–13
fame of, xiv–xv, 220, 234–35, 309
as father and husband, 222, 224, 233, 238, 273
first marriage of, 8, 43–47, 66, 67, 74, 77, 79–80, 88–89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 97, 109, 221
Gell-Mann’s relationship with, 195–208, 212, 214–17, 218, 219, 220, 243–44, 287–305
generosity of, 191–92, 195
genetics investigated by, 222, 267–68
in Geneva, 220–21, 235
as genius, xv, xvii, 3–5, 7, 21–22, 36–37, 43–44, 87–88, 142–43, 236–37
as graduate student, 20–23, 30–32, 36, 43–45, 73, 74–75, 76, 96, 140, 158
health of, 81
in high school, 5, 7, 8–9, 14, 16–17, 49
interviews with, 228–29
introductory physics taught by, 223–28, 244
intuition of, 6–7, 17, 42, 80–81, 98, 130–31, 172, 176, 178, 190, 257
Jewish background, 3, 22–23, 36–37, 45
lectures by, xii–xiv, 31–32, 124, 125, 144–46, 157, 159, 226–28, 229, 231, 244, 245, 263–72, 273, 278, 279, 288
legacy of, xvi–xvii, 141, 147–48, 152–53, 188–89, 263, 300–301, 307–20
at Los Alamos, 20, 46–47, 67–68, 72, 74, 76–95, 108, 163–64, 273–74, 283
love affairs of, 5, 108–10, 163–68, 220–22, 233
as mathematician, 5–6, 19, 21–22, 35, 39, 68, 74–75, 80, 82, 95, 110, 129–30, 155–56, 196–97
media coverage of, 217, 228–29, 287
Messenger Lectures delivered by, 229
as MIT undergraduate, 5–6, 17, 18–21, 43, 49, 78, 84, 95, 168, 230, 273
Nobel address of, 31–32, 124, 125, 159, 231, 265
Nobel Prize awarded to, xii, xiv, 31–32, 74, 94, 124, 125, 156, 159, 218, 229–32, 235, 265, 293
notebooks of, 7, 8
papers published by, xi–xii, xvi, 20, 65, 95, 97–99, 115, 135, 140, 144–46, 147, 149, 157–58, 178, 189, 191–92, 210, 214–17, 218, 229, 261, 263–64, 278, 279–80, 281, 288
personality of, vii, xi, xiv–xv, 3–4, 8, 36–37, 43–47, 93–97, 107, 108–10, 115–16, 141, 163–68, 191–94, 195, 202–3, 209–10, 218–22, 233–38, 298, 314–20
as physicist, xi, xii–xiii, xv–xvii, 1, 4–9, 12–13, 14, 16–17, 18–20, 22, 30–31, 45–46, 68–69, 73–75, 77–78, 80–82, 85–86, 92–97, 110–11, 115–16, 125–28, 140, 141–42, 145–48, 157–59, 163, 165, 166, 168–69, 190–94, 196–97, 209–10, 214–17, 221, 223–38, 245, 263–64, 277–79, 286, 287–320
physics literature avoided by, 209, 235–38, 245
as physics student, 18–20, 30–31, 74–75
Pocono Conference lecture by (1948), 144–46, 157
political views of, 93–94
Portuguese studied by, 164–65
as Princeton graduate student, 22–23, 30–32, 36–50, 59–65, 66, 67–68, 74, 77, 79, 81
Princeton seminar presentation by, 39–40
prizes offered by (Feynman prizes), 272–73
problem-solving by, 5, 6–8, 18, 30–32, 37, 191–92, 195–96, 209–10, 214–17, 278–80, 293, 309–10, 315–18
psychiatric evaluation of, 110
Putnam score of, 21–22
radios repaired by, 4
“red books” of, xii–xiii, 226–28, 245
religion as viewed by, 22–23, 161, 229
reputation of, xv, 77–78, 87–88, 92–93, 108–10, 145–48, 152, 155–56, 216–18, 223–32
in Rio de Janeiro, 164–65
at Rochester Conference (1956), 206–7, 209, 211, 213
at Rochester Conference (1958), 220–21
sabbatical year of, 165
samba studied by, 166
Schwinger compared with, 141–42, 158–59
scientific contributions of, xv–xvii
second marriage of, 168
sense of humor of, 4, 8, 32, 37
Spanish studied by, 164
strip joints visited by, 234, 298
as teacher, 7–8, 95, 143, 164–66, 195, 202–3, 218–19, 223–29, 244, 315–20
television presentations of, 228–29, 230
text miniaturization proposed by, 264–67, 272–73
as theoretical physicist, 68–69, 73–75, 85–86, 141–42, 168–69, 1
93–94, 196–97, 234–38, 263–64, 286, 287–305, 311–13
third marriage of, 221–22, 224, 229, 238, 245
unconventionality of, 4, 81, 108–10, 163–68, 230–31, 234–35, 298, 319–20
at University of Chicago, 77–78
in Warsaw, 238, 245
wedding of, 77
Wheeler’s relationship with, 22, 33–35, 36, 37–40, 41, 42, 45, 48, 59, 68–69, 74, 77, 81, 82, 113, 122, 131, 140
writings of, xi–xiii, xvi, 7, 20, 45, 65, 95, 97–99, 115, 135, 140, 144–46, 147, 149, 157–58, 178, 189, 191–92, 210, 214–17, 218, 226–28, 229, 244, 245, 261, 263–72, 278, 279–80, 281, 288, 309
Feynman Lectures on Gravitation, The (Feynman), 244
Feynman Lectures on Physics (Feynman), xii–xiii, 226–28, 245
Feynman prizes, 272–73
“Feynman rules,” 153, 304
Feynman space-time diagrams, 107, 129–40, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 144–46, 148–54, 169, 173, 193, 252–53
“Feynman test,” 309–13
Field, Rick, 307
field theory, 238–39, 247, 252–53, 261–62, 287–88, 311–13
finite correlations, 72
finite theory, 310–12
Finnegans Wake (Joyce), 291
fission, nuclear, 68, 77, 84
flat space, 258–60
fractionally charged particles, 292
free particles, 176–78
French, Anthony, 128
frequency shifts, 119–23, 124, 126
friction, 171
Friedmann, Alexander, 239, 240
galaxies, 258–59, 260
garotas (Brazilian girls), 165
Garwin, Richard, 201, 208–9
gases, xii, 170–76
gasoline, 269
Gates, Bill, 229
gauge bosons, 303–5
gauge symmetry, 301–5
Gell-Mann, Murray, 195–208, 212, 214–17, 218, 219, 220, 236, 243–44, 256–57, 287–305, 312
general relativity, theory of, 6, 18, 40, 238–41, 243, 246–47, 249, 259
genetics, 222, 267–68
Genius (Gleick), xv
genome, 268
geometry, 9, 244–45, 255–56, 258–59
germanium, 275
ghost bosons, 304
Glashow, Sheldon, 202, 303, 304–5, 310
Glashow-Weinberg theory, 304–5, 310
Gleick, James, xv
God, 161
Goodstein, David, 317
grand unification, 312–13
gravitational contraction, 83, 238–62, 288–89, 303–4
gravitational waves (gravitons), 247–49, 250, 257–61
gravity, 83, 203–4, 225, 238–62, 273, 288–89, 303–4, 309–13
Greenbaum, Arline, 8, 43–47, 66, 67, 74, 77, 79–80, 88–89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 97, 109, 221
Gross, David, 306–7, 312, 319
Groueff, Stephane, 85
ground state configuration, 183–84, 185, 186, 189
group theory, 288–90, 292–94, 302–3
Guth, Alan, 258
hadrons, 294–96, 297, 305
Haldane, J. B. S., 51
Harvard University, xiv, 21–22, 94–95, 96, 142, 202, 229
Hawking, Stephen, 249–50, 256
Hawking Radiation, 249–50
heat, 174, 183, 248, 250–51, 275
Heisenberg, Werner, 26–30, 65, 105–6, 111, 112, 115–16, 133, 182
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 26–30, 133, 182
helium, 101, 170–76, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 189–90, 288, 294–95
Helmholtz, Heinrich, 83
Hibbs, Albert, 231
hidden-variable theories, 280–81
“higher order” effect, 30
Hillis, Danny, 276–77, 308, 316
Hiroshima bombing (1945), 46–47
Hopfield, John, 277
Howarth, Gweneth, 221–22, 224, 229, 238, 245
Hubble, Edwin, 240
Hughes Aircraft, 273
Huygens, Christiaan, 11
hydrogen, 19, 81, 84–85, 119–23, 126, 174, 194, 201–2
hydrogen bomb, 84–85, 194, 201
IBM, 87, 281
inclusive processes, 295–96
infinity, 118, 121–22, 124–29, 131, 139–40, 150–51, 154, 158–59, 197, 231, 240–41, 242, 245–46, 251, 283–84, 302, 310–12
information technology, 273–86
Institute for Advanced Study, 93, 96, 149, 152
integers, 100, 175, 178–79, 291
integral values, 5, 7, 69, 73–74, 102, 110, 127–28, 185, 186
“integrate out,” 73–74, 110, 127–28, 310
intentionality, 12–13
interference patterns, 25–26, 54–55
intermediate universes, 256
Internet, 277–78
ionization, 91
Iran, 68
irreversibility, 40–41
irrotational states, 186–87, 289
isotopes, 66, 68, 86, 90
isotropic space, 240
Japan, 148–49
Jefferson, Thomas, 78
Jehle, Herbert, 59, 60, 63
Jews, 3, 22–23, 36–37, 45
Jornada del Muerto, 90
Joyce, James, 291
Kaiser, David, 152
Kelvin, William Thomson, Lord, 83
Kennedy, John F., 78
keys, security, 284–85
kinetic energy, 15–16, 49–50, 177, 258–59
Klein-Gordon equation, 19
kluges, 198, 210, 215–16, 301, 310
K-mesons (Kaons), 205–6, 207, 210
Kosterlitz, John, 192
Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, 191–92
Kramers, H. A., 124–25, 138–39, 143
Krauss, Lawrence M., xi–xvii, 228–29, 266, 308–9, 319
K-zero particles, 201–2
Lagrange, Joseph Louis, 16
Lagrange points, 16
Lagrange’s principle, 14–17, 49
Lagrangian formalism, 59–65, 97, 117–18, 157
“Lagrangian in Quantum Mechanics, The” (Dirac), 59–60
Lamb, Willis, 119–23, 124
Lamb shift, 119–23, 124, 125, 128, 129, 139, 140, 148
Landau, Lev, 181–82, 184, 187–88, 190
lasers, 270
least action principle, 14–17, 49–50, 56–57, 62, 69, 73–75, 97–98, 126–27
least time principle, 11–14, 18, 57–58
Lederman, Leon, 208–9, 222–23
Lee, Tsung-Dao, 207–9, 211, 212
Leighton, Robert, 226, 228
Lemaître, Georges, 239–40
light:
bending of, 9–13, 10, 12
color spectrum of, 119–23
emission of, 27–28
interference patterns of, 25–26, 54–55, 71, 174, 175
massless nature of, 269
as particles vs. waves, 10–12, 24, 52–56
rays of, 9–13, 10, 12, 56, 56
speed of, 14, 133, 258, 275–76
light years, 258
liquid helium, 101, 170–76, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 189–90, 288, 294–95
lithium, 101
London, Fritz, 175
Los Alamos laboratory, 20, 46–47, 67–68, 72, 74, 76–95, 108, 122, 163–64, 194, 273–74, 283
Los Alamos Theoretical Division, 85–86
Low, Francis, 197–98, 300, 301, 305, 312
lowest-order
approximations, 245–46
machines, quantum, 265–66, 270–86
McLellan, William, 272–73
macroscopic processes, 40–41, 71, 171–79, 180, 181–82
magnetic fields, 29, 48–50, 52–53, 128, 190–91, 197–98, 203–4, 245–46
magnetic moment of electrons, 128–29, 143–44
Maimonides, Moses, 225
Manhattan Project, 20, 46–47, 67–68, 72, 74, 76–95, 108, 122, 163–64, 194, 273–74, 283
Marchant calculators, 87, 274–75
Marshak, Robert, 212–14, 216
mass, 102, 103–6, 113, 125, 126, 151, 177, 238–41, 246–47, 249, 250–51, 257–60, 269, 299, 301, 304, 306–7, 309–13
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), xiv, 5–6, 17, 18–21, 43, 49, 78, 84, 95, 124, 142, 168, 185, 196, 230, 273, 276
materials science, 67, 172–79, 181–82, 190–91, 271
Mathematica, 278
matter, xii, 27, 29–30, 41, 102, 103–6, 113, 125, 126, 151, 172–79, 181–82, 190–91, 238–39, 241, 250–51, 257–60, 306–7, 309–13
Maxwell, James Clerk, 28, 52–53, 247
Mead, Carver, 277
measurement theory, 70–73
mercury, 170–71
mesons, 154–55, 169, 178, 193, 200, 205–6, 207, 210
Messenger Lectures, 229
microscopes, 269–70
microscopic processes, 40, 71, 170–79, 180, 181–82, 269–70
microsomes, 267
microwaves, 240, 248
Mills, Robert, 301–4, 305, 306, 307, 309
miniaturization, 265–66, 270–73, 278
Minsky, Marvin, 273, 276
Miramar Palace Hotel, 167
MIT Radiation Laboratory, 78, 142
molecules, xii, 20, 267–70
momentum, 100–102, 121, 200
Moore, Gordon, 267
Morrison, Philip, 228
Morse, Philip, 19–20, 22
motion, laws of, 14–17, 49, 52
motors, 272–73
multiplets, 289
muons, 213
nanotechnology, 265–66, 270–73, 278
National Academy of Sciences, 122, 144–46, 230
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), xv, 16
Nature, 240
Nazi Germany, 90
NBC, 229, 230
Ne’eman, Yuval, 290
negative energy, 102–7, 114, 126, 127, 131, 157
negative numbers, 97, 103
neutrinos, 154–56, 194, 210–11, 213, 214–16, 219–20, 222–23, 298–99
neutrons, 86, 100, 154–56, 194, 201, 210, 213, 302
New Age religions, 234
Newton, Isaac, 10, 16, 40, 49, 52, 238, 239