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A Thousand Days

Page 124

by Arthur M. Schlesinger

], [>]

  Bunker, Ellsworth, [>]

  Burchett, W. T., [>] fn.

  Burdett, William, [>]

  Burdick, Eugene, [>]; The Ninth Wave, [>], [>]; The Ugly American, [>]

  Bureau of African Affairs, [>]

  Bureau of European Affairs: and Tunisia, [>]; and U.S. bases in Azores, [>]

  Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs, [>]

  Bureau of Inter-American Affairs, [>], [>], [>]; and Harlan Cleveland, [>]; and Woodward, [>]; and Martin, [>]–[>]

  Bureau of International Organization Affairs, [>]

  Bureau of Labor Statistics, [>]

  Bureau of the Budget, [>]; “troika” with Treasury and Council of Economic Advisers, [>]

  Burke, Admiral Arleigh, [>], [>]; international views of, [>]–[>]; and Bay of Pigs, [>]–[>], [>]

  Burma, [>]

  Burnham, Forbes, [>], [>]–[>]; Gaitskell’s appraisal of, [>]

  Burnham, James, [>]

  Burns, James MacGregor, [>], [>], no fn.; JFK to, on liberalism, [>]; JFK to, on uncommitted nations, [>]; and executive-congressional relations, [>]

  Bush, Dr. Vannevar, [>]

  Business. See under Kennedy, John Fitzgerald

  Business (Advisory) Council, [>], [>]; and JFK, [>], [>]

  Business Week, ion fn., [>]

  Butler, Paul, [>]; sets up Democratic Advisory Council (1956), [>]

  Byrd, Harry F., [>], [>]; and tax bill, [>]

  Byrnes, James F., [>], [>]

  Cabell, C. P., [>]–[>]

  Cabinet, presidential, [>]–[>]; JFK’s view in naming of, [>]; meetings, [>]–[>]. See also names of specific departments

  Cabot, John Moors, [>], [>]

  Caldwell, Neil, [>] fn.

  Calhoun, Chad, [>], [>]

  Calhoun (Coit), [>]

  Cambodia, [>], [>]. [>]–[>], [>]

  Camp David, [>]; Eisenhower-Macmillan meeting at, [>], [>]

  Campos, Roberto, [>]

  Cannon, Clarence, [>]

  Capehart, Homer, [>]

  Caplin, Mortimer M., [>], [>]; and tax policy task force, [>]; and Robert Kennedy, [>]

  Capp, Al, [>]

  Cardozo, Benjamin Nathan, [>]

  CARE, [>]

  Carleton, William G., [>]; “Kennedy in History: An Early Appraisal,” [>] fn.

  Carnegie Foundation, [>]

  Caroline (Kennedy family plane), [>]

  Carr, Donald, [>]

  Carrillo, Dr. Justo: in pre-Castro Cuba, [>]; and CIA control, [>]–[>], [>]; protests Artime appointment as commander of Cuban Brigade, [>]; at Miami meeting, [>]–[>]

  Carroll, J. Roy, Jr., [>]

  Carson, Rachel, [>]

  Cary, William L., [>]

  Casals, Pablo, [>], [>]; on tragedy of assassination, [>]

  Case, Clifford, [>], [>]

  Castro, Fidel, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>] fn.; and JFK, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]; and Eisenhower administration, [>], [>]–[>]; Frondizi’s attitude toward, [>]; Paz Estenssoro’s evaluation of, [>]; Haya de la Torre on, [>]; Betancourt on, [>]; and U.S. security, [>], [>]; as Communist, [>]–[>], [>]; and Twenty-sixth of July Movement, [>], [>]; speaks at Harvard, [>]; visits Washington, [>]; hostility of, toward U.S., [>], [>]; and Soviet equipment, [>], [>], [>]; U.S. attitude toward, [>]; as formidable foe, [>]–[>]; and Ben Bella, [>]; and Alliance for Progress, [>], [>]; and Betancourt, [>]; objects to U.S. policy in Dominican Republic, [>]; and democratic regimes of Latin America, [>], [>]; Second Declaration of Havana, [>]; Rusk asks for sanctions against, at Punta del Este II, [>]; policy of containment of, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; ‘explains’ installation of Soviet missiles in Cuba, [>]; anger of, with Soviet-American negotiations, [>]; and release of Cuban freedom fighters, [>]; and test ban treaty, [>]; reaction of, to assassination, [>]

  Castro, Raúl, [>], [>]; visits Moscow (1962), [>]

  Catholics, [>]; vote, [>]; and liberals, [>]; Martin Luther King’s father on, [>]; and Federal Aid to Education, [>]

  Catledge, Turner, [>]

  Caudill, Harry, [>]; Night Comes to the Cumberlands, [>]

  Cavazza, Fabio, [>]

  Cecil, David, [>]; The Young Melbourne, [>], [>]

  Celebrezze, Anthony J., [>]

  Censorship, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Central Intelligence Agency. See CIA

  Central Treaty Organization (CENTO). [>]

  Chagla, M. C., [>]

  Chamberlain, Neville, [>]

  Chamber of Commerce, U.S., [>]; JFK conciliatory speech before, [>]

  Chapman, Oscar, [>]

  Chayes, Abram, [>], [>]; as legal adviser to State Department, [>]; on Berlin, [>]; criticizes Acheson paper on Berlin, [>]–[>]; role of, in preparation of Berlin memo, [>]; on re-allocation of Bowles’s functions, [>]–[>]; and disarmament, [>]; and Volta Dam project in Ghana, [>]–[>]

  Chiang Kai-shek, [>], [>], [>]; Khrushchev on, [>]; and UN admission of Outer Mongolia, [>], [>]–[>]; and LBJ’s Southeast Asia tour, [>]

  Chibas, Raúl, [>] fn.

  Childs, Marquis, [>]

  Chile, [>]; Christian Democrats in, [>]; and Castro, [>], [>]

  China, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; Communist Party of, [>]; Revolution, [>], [>]; Cuba negotiates trade agreements with, [>]; Khrushchev urges U.S. recognition of, [>]; and UN admission, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]; Stevenson’s views of, [>]; and Laos, [>]; and India, [>], [>]; and Kremlin in test ban, [>]; JFK’s concern with, [>]–[>]; and Mao Tse-tung, [>]; and test ban treaty, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Christian Anti-Communism Crusade, [>]

  Christian Crusade, [>]

  Christian Democrats, [>]

  Christmas Island, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]. See also Nuclear testing

  Churchill, Sir Winston, [>], [>], [>]; While England Slept, [>]; JFK’s hero, [>]; Great Contemporaries, [>]; Marlborough, [>], [>]; quoted, [>]; JFK, de Gaulle discuss, [>]; Eisenhower discusses Indochina with, [>]; on state of Western Europe in 1947, [>]; and de Gaulle, [>]–[>]

  CIA; and Cuban exile forces, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]; and Artime, [>]; and Cuban freedom fighters, [>], [>]–[>]; and beachhead assault, [>]; interregnum confusion in, [>]–[>]; Special Group, [>]–[>]; and Trinidad Plan, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and Frente-MRP alliance, [>]; view of Cuban invasion, [>], [>]; on ‘Cubanization’ of invasion, [>], [>], [>]; Intelligence branch of, [>], [>]; persuasive expositions of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]; misjudges Castro’s air strength, [>]; and phony defector plot, [>]–[>]; JFK on, [>], [>]; CRC indictment of, [>]–[>]; after Bay of Pigs, [>], [>]–[>]; and Laos, [>]–[>]; and Berlin, [>]; and foreign policy, [>]–[>], [>]; size and power of, [>]–[>]; and Robert Kennedy, [>]; and A. Dulles’s resignation, [>]; and McCone, [>]; reports Soviet super-bomb, [>]; estimates Soviet missile strength, [>]; and Sukarno, [>]; and Soviet missiles in Cuba, [>]–[>], [>]

  CIAP. See Inter-American Committee for Alliance for Progress under Alliance for Progress

  Citizens for Kennedy, [>]

  City Lights (film), [>]

  Civil defense, [>]; policy and Defense Department, [>]; Pentagon shelter instruction booklet, [>]

  Civilian Conservation Corps, compared to Peace Corps, [>]–[>]

  Civil liberties, [>], [>]; and Robert Kennedy, [>]–[>]

  Civil rights, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]; in 1960 Democratic platform, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and JFK, [>]–[>]. [>] [>]–[>]. [>]–[>] [>]–[>]. [>], [>]; acts, [>], [>], [>]; and Fulbright, [>]; and Williams, [>]; and Justice Department, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]; and liberals, [>]; and Wofford, [>]–[>]; and King, [>]–[>], [>]; and executive action, [>], [>]; and federal funds, [>], [>]; and non-violence, [>], [>]; JFK television address on, [>]–[>]; and march on Washington, [>]–[>]; and JFK’s popularity, [>]

  Civil rights bill: reaction of Negro leaders to, [>]; public reaction to, [>]–[>]; JFK meets with leaders to discuss, [>]–[>]; and march on Washington, [>]–[>]; and Congress, [>]–[>]; and LBJ, [>]

  Civil Rights Commission, [>], [>], [>]–[>]; disapp
ointment of, with JFK legislative message, [>]; and interim report, [>]–[>]

  Civil Service: Commission, [>], [>]; and John Macy, [>] Negroes in, [>]

  Civil War Centennial Commission, [>]

  Clark, Colin, [>] fn.

  Clark, Joseph S., [>], [>]; calls for liberal endorsement of JFK-LBJ ticket, [>]; stand-by public works program of, [>], [>]; and the arts, [>]; and full-employment policy, [>]

  Clark, Kenneth, [>], [>], [>]

  Clark, Ramsey, [>]

  Clay, General Lucius: JFK’s personal representative in West Berlin, [>], [>]; greets Robert Kennedy in Berlin, [>]; and foreign aid committee, 597’ [>]. [>]

  Cleveland, Harlan, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; and foreign economic policy, [>], [>]; as Rhodes Scholar, [>]; Stevenson expresses disapproval of Cuban invasion plan to, [>]; background of, [>]; and Bureau of International Oiganization Affairs, [>]; and UN, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; and disarmament, [>], [>]; and uncommitted nations, [>]; and Goa, [>]; and Congo, [>]; and Cuban missile crisis, [>]

  Clifford, Clark, [>], [>], [>]; role of, in interregnum, [>]–[>], [>]; and Neustadt, [>]–[>]; as liaison between administrations, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; proposes Bell for Budget post, [>]; JFK consults on CIA, [>]; and steel price increase, [>], [>]; and Jacqueline Kennedy’s White House restoration project, [>]

  Clifton, Brigadier General Chester V, [>], [>]

  Cline, Ray, [>]

  Coal and Steel Community, [>]

  Cochinos Bay. See Bay of Pigs

  Coerr, Wymberley, [>]

  Coexistence, [>], [>]–[>]; JFK-Khrushchev discussion at Vienna, [>]–[>]; and Soviet missiles in Cuba, [>]; and test ban treaty, [>]; and ideology, [>], [>]

  Coffin, Frank, [>]; and Development Loan Fund, [>], [>]; Witness for Aid, [>] fn.

  Cogley, John, [>]–[>]

  Cohen, Benjamin V, [>], [>], [>] fn., [>]; compares FDR and JFK, [>]

  Cohen, Wilbur J.: and social welfare, [>]; and Health, Education and Welfare, [>]

  Cohn, Roy, [>]

  Coit, Margaret (Calhoun), [>]

  Cold war, [>], [>], [>]; and Laos, [>]; and Berlin, [>]; JFK’s hopes for moderating, [>]; attitude of neutrals toward, [>], [>]; and problems within western alliance, [>]; and JFK’s American University speech, [>]–[>], [>]

  Collins, Leroy, [>], [>]

  Collision Course (Packter), [>] fn.

  Colombia, [>], [>], [>]; breaks diplomatic relations with Cuba, [>]; at Punta del Este II, [>]; and Alliance for Progress, [>]

  Colonialism, [>]–[>]; and Angola, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; Dulles’s view of, [>]; JFK view of, [>]; Afro-Asian resolution to UN demands independence from, [>]; and Goa, [>]–[>], [>]; French, [>]–[>]; Portuguese, [>]–[>]

  Coming of the New Deal, The (Schlesinger), [>]

  Commager, Henry Steele, [>], [>]

  Commerce, U.S. Department of, [>]; economic policy view of, [>]; and Business Advisory Council, [>]; and Hodges, [>]–[>]; and FDR, [>]

  Commission on National Goals, [>]

  Committee for Economic Development, [>]

  Committee for the Defense of the National Interests (CDNI), Laos, [>]–[>]

  Committee of Arts, Letters and Sciences for Kennedy, [>]

  Committee of the Fine Arts Commission for the White House, [>]

  Common Market. See European Common Market

  Communications satellite system, [>], 713fn.

  Communism, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; in Latin America, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]. [>]–[>]. [>]. [>]; in Bolivia, [>]–[>]; in Cuba, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; in Laos, [>], [>]; JFK defines dangers of, [>]; JFK’s perspective on, [>]–[>], [>]; and world domination, [>]; Soviet optimism for, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]; in Southeast Asia, [>], [>], [>]; in Africa, [>], [>], [>]; in Europe, [>]; Khrushchev’s view of, [>]; and uncommitted nations, [>]; effect of Russo-Chinese tensions on, [>]; in United States, [>]; in Italy, [>]–[>]

  Community Relations Service, [>]

  Conant, James B., [>]

  Congo, [>], [>], [>]–[>]. [>]; and de Gaulle, [>]; UN intervention in, [>]. [>], [>], [>]–[>]; unification problem, [>], [>]–[>]; Kitona agreement, [>]; and Communists, [>]

  Congress, U.S., [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]; lame-duck, [>]; Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, [>], [>]; and foreign aid, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]; and Shriver, [>]; and JFK’s foreign policy, [>]–[>]; Joint Committee on the Economic Report, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and federal aid to education, [>]; and JFK’s economic policy, [>]–[>], [>]. [>]; Republican leadership’s reaction to steel fight, [>]–[>]; and JFK’s domestic policy, [>]; and limitations on presidential maneuvers, [>]; increased powers of, [>]; precariousness of administration in, [>]–[>]; and Medicare, [>]; reaction of, to new proposals, [>]; proposed reform in, [>]–[>]; and trade expansion bill, [>] fn., [>], [>], [>]; and 1962 elections, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; and Cuban missile crisis, [>]; and veto over use of nuclear weapons, [>]; and test ban, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; and civil rights, [>], [>], [>], [>] Congressional Quarterly, [>]

  Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), [>], [>], [>]

  Connally, John, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]; sanctions U.S. Day, Dallas, [>]

  Connally, Mrs. John, [>]

  Connolly, Cyril, [>]

  Connor, Eugene (Bull), [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Conservation. See Natural resources Cooke, Alistair, [>]–[>]

  Coolidge, Calvin, [>]

  Coombs, Phillip, [>]; Assistant Secretary of State for Cultural Affairs, [>]

  Cooper, Duff (Talleyrand), [>]

  Cooper, John Sherman, [>]; and India’s five-year plan, [>]

  Corcoran, Thomas G., [>], [>], [>]; compares FDR and JFK, [>]

  Cordiner, Ralph J., [>]

  Cosmos (Soviet satellite), [>]

  Costa Rica, [>]; Central American presidents meet in, [>]; foreign ministers meet at San José, [>]; and Alliance for Progress, [>]

  Council of Economic Advisers, [>], [>], [>]; chairmanship, [>]; and Harris, [>]; and Berlin policy, [>]; and Heller, [>]; and tax reduction, [>], [>]; on steel, [>]; and antipoverty program policy, [>], [>]

  Council on Foreign Relations, [>]; criticizes Kennedy Algerian speech, [>]

  Counterforce doctrine, [>]–[>]

  Counter-insurgency. See Guerrilla warfare

  Cousins, Norman, [>], [>]–[>]

  Cowles, John, [>]

  Cox, Archibald, [>], [>], [>]; and [>] per cent growth rate, [>]; and wage-price decisions, [>]; as Solicitor General, [>], [>]

  Cox, Harold, [>]

  Crossman, R. H. S., [>]

  Crotty, Peter, [>]

  Crozier, David, [>]

  Cuba, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; and JFK, [>], [>]; exiled forces of, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>] (see also Cuban Brigade); JFK and Eisenhower discuss, [>], [>]; Havana, [>], [>]; Communism in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; economy, [>]–[>], [>], [>]; Trade Union Confederation, [>]; JFK Cincinnati speech on, [>]; and CIA, [>]–[>] passim (see also CIA); White Paper, [>]–[>]; “surgical strike,” [>], [>], [>]; and U.S. security, [>]; task force, [>]; State Department restriction on travel to, [>]; and Alliance for Progress charter, [>]; Morrison urges economic and diplomatic sanctions against, [>]; and Punta del Este meeting of foreign ministers, [>]–[>]; and Red China, [>]; Guevara describes, [>]; Soviet missiles in, [>]–[>]. [>]; and Berlin crisis, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; U.S. surveillance of, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]; Soviet specialists and equipment in, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; and Keating, [>]–[>], [>], [>]; ExCom planning and missile crisis, [>]–[>]; and Rusk, [>], [>] fn., [>], [>]; and Stevenson, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]; and Robert Kennedy, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; and military preparations for, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; naval blockade, [>]–[>], [>]; quarantine policy, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; Jupiter missile bases, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; and UN, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; and Fulbright, [>]; and Russell, [>]; JFK television speeches to nation, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; military phase, [>]; Soviet-American settlement of missile crisis,
[>]–[>], [>]; Republicans and missile crisis, [>]; Bartlett-Alsop piece on, [>]–[>]; ultimate impact of missile crisis, [>]–[>]; missile crisis and de Gaulle, [>]–[>]; and JFK, Khrushchev postcrisis communications, [>]; reaction of Soviet Union to, [>]. See also Bay of Pigs

  Cuban Brigade (freedom fighters), [>], [>]–[>] [>]. [>]–[>], [>], [>]; Eisenhower directs CIA to unify, [>]; composition of, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; reaction of, to CIA, [>]–[>]; guerrilla thesis, [>]–[>], [>]; problem of demobilization of, [>], [>]–[>], preinvasion status of, [>]–[>]; expects U.S. military support, [>]; advisers disclose invasion plan to, [>]; in invasion fighting, [>]–[>], [>]; JFK’s concern with, [>]–[>]; JFK’s plans for release of, [>]–[>]; JFK’s addiess to in Miami, [>]–[>]. See also Guatemala; Bay of Pigs

  Cuban Revolution, [>], [>]; motives behind, [>]–[>]; Castro role in, [>]–[>]; ‘humanist’ element of, [>]; 1959 U.S. reaction to, [>]–[>]; perversion of, [>], [>]; JFK’s view of, [>], [>]; U.S. attitude toward, [>]

  Cuban Revolutionary Council (CRC), [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]; as sponsor of Cuban invasion, [>]; moves to New York, [>], [>]; during Bay of Pigs fiasco, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; Miami meeting with Berle and Schlesinger, [>]–[>]

  Curley, James M., [>], [>]; convicted of mail fraud, [>]

  Currie, Lauchlin, [>] fn.

  Curtis, Carl T., [>]

  Cushing, Richard Cardinal, [>]

  Cyprus, [>]

  Daddah, Ould, [>]

  Daedalus, [>]

  Daily News, New York, [>]

  Daily Worker, [>]

  Daley, Richard J., [>], [>]; at 1960 convention, [>], [>]; and Dawson, [>]; and Stevenson, [>]

  Dallas, Texas, [>], [>]; described, [>]–[>]; attitude of, [>]. See also Texas trip under Kennedy, John F.

  Dallas Citizens Council, [>]–[>]

  Dallas Morning News, [>], [>]–[>]; and Texas politics, [>]

  Daly, Charles, [>]

  Daniel, Jean, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Daniel, Price, [>], [>]

  Davies, John, Jr. (Foreign and Other Affairs), [>]; foreign service expulsion of, [>]; on White House “meddling” in Foreign Service affairs, [>]

  Davis, Bette, [>]

  Davis, Elmer, [>]

  Dawson, William, [>]

  Day, J. Edward, [>], [>]; and Stevenson, [>]

 

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