The Doggie in the Window

by Rory Kress

  4Joyce Tischler, phone interview with author, November 9, 2016.

  5Coles Phinizy, “The Lost Pets that Stray to the Labs,” Sports Illustrated, November 29, 1965, http://www.si.com/vault/1965/11/29/612645/the-lost-pets-that-stray-to-the-labs.

  6Bernie Rollin, phone interview with author, November 9, 2016.

  7Mary LaHay, phone interview with author, November 4, 2016.

  8All Animal Welfare Act regulations and requirements from: “Animal Welfare Act and Animal Welfare Regulations,” United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013, https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/Animal%20Care%20Blue%20Book%20-%202013%20-%20FINAL.pdf.

  9All translations of the Animal Welfare Act from: Karen Overall, phone interview with author, August 19, 2016.

  10American Veterinary Medical Association, “AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition,” February 27, 2013, https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf.

  11Ibid.

  12Robert Gibbens, personal interview with author, February 15, 2017.

  CHAPTER TWO

  1United States Department of Agriculture, “Introductory Course for Commercial Dog Breeders,” accessed November 30, 2017, https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/18_3vgHixj7EwnQzHvnlgHN4TDGJVQpQkSxIjqT7xn7g/edit#gid=0.

  2Avenson v. Zegart, 577 F. Supp. 958 (D. Minn. 1984), http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/577/958/1497077/.

  3Robert Gibbens, personal interview with author, August 2, 2016.

  4John Goodwin, senior director of HSUS Stop Puppy Mills Campaign, email message to author, April 24, 2017.

  5John Goodwin, phone interview with author, July 14, 2016.

  6“About the U.S. Department of Agriculture,” USDA, accessed March 31, 2017, https://www.usda.gov/our-agency/about-usda.

  7“About APHIS,” USDA-APHIS, accessed March 31, 2017, https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/banner/aboutaphis.

  8USDA Office of the Inspector General, “Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Care Program Inspections of Problematic Dealers,” May 2010, https://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/33002-4-SF.pdf.

  9Ed Green, phone interview with author, December 12, 2016.

  10“New Terms Will Appear on USDA Inspection Reports,” USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, November 22, 2016, September 22, 2016, https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDAAPHIS/bulletins/16620a4.

  11Bob Baker, phone interview with author, January 22, 2016.

  12Cathy Liss, phone interview with author, September 22, 2016.

  13Laura J. Fox, “Notice of Violation of Court Order and Intent to Enforce and/or Reopen Lawsuit,” February 6, 2017, http://blog.humanesociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/2017-02-06-Notice-of-Violation_HSUS-v-USDA-No.-15-0197.pdf.

  14“Animal Welfare Enforcement Actions,” USDA, February 7, 2017, last modified August 18, 2017, https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalwelfare/enforcementactions.

  15Matt Herrick, Twitter post, February 5, 2017, 11:32 a.m., https://twitter.com/mattmherrick/status/828325492906422272.

  16Brian Klippenstein, phone interview with author, February 8, 2016.

  17American Pet Products Association, “Pet Industry Market Size & Ownership Statistics,” news release, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp.

  CHAPTER THREE

  1Pete, phone interview with author, October 13, 2016.

  CHAPTER FOUR

  1Joyce Tischler, phone interview with author, February 8, 2016.

  2Treaty of Lisbon, European Union Law, signed December 13, 2007, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:12007L/TXT.

  3Humane Society International (India), “15 Animal Rights in India That Every Citizen Should Know,” accessed July 13, 2017, http://www.thebetterindia.com/46721/humane-society-india-animal-laws-prevention-of-cruelty-act/.

  4United States v. Park, 536 F.3d 1058 (9th Circuit 2008), https://casetext.com/case/us-v-park-33.

  5Associated Press, “Kennel Owners Win Legal Fight with Forest,” Casper Star Tribune, October 12, 2009, accessed March 31, 2017, http://trib.com/news/state-and-regional/kennel-owners-win-legal-fight-with-forest/article_2ee055fe-8481-53a6-8327-3726184a8bcf.html.

  6“New York Mills Dog Breeder Sentenced for Torturing Animals,” EchoPress.com, May 7, 2009, http://www.echopress.com/content/new-york-mills-dog-breeder-sentenced-torturing-animals-2.

  7USDA Decision and Order, in re: Pine Lake Enterprises, Inc., AWA Docket No. D-10-0014, February 4, 2010, accessed July 13, 2017, https://www.oaljdecisions.dm.usda.gov/sites/default/files/100204AWAD-10-0014DO.pdf.

  8Humane Society of the United States, “USDA Applauded for Permanently Revoking Licenses of Two Infamous Puppy Mill Operators,” news release, October 21, 2011, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.humanesociety.org/news/press_releases/2011/10/usda_applauded_10242011.html.

  9Hal Herzog, phone interview with author, January 27, 2016.

  CHAPTER FIVE

  1Alexandra Horowitz, Inside of a Dog: What Dogs Think and Know (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009), 91.

  2Pat Shipman, The Invaders: How Humans and their Dogs Drove Neanderthals to Extinction (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2015).

  3Brian Hare, email message with the author, October 7, 2016.

  4E. L. Maclean and B. Hare, “Dogs Hijack the Human Bonding Pathway,” Science 348, no. 6232 (April 17, 2015): 280–81, http://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6232/280.

  5Marc Bekoff, interview with author, January 14, 2016.

  6Davis S. Tuber et al., “Behavioral and Glucocorticoid Responses of Adult Domestic Dogs (Canis familiaris) to Companionship and Social Separation,” Journal of Comparative Psychology 110, no. 1 (March 1996): 103–08, doi:10.1037//0735–7036.110.1.103.

  7Peter F. Cook et al., “Awake Canine fMRI Predicts Dogs’ Preference for Praise vs Food,” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, December 2016, doi:10.1093/scan/nsw102.

  8Franklin D. McMillan et al., “Mental Health of Dogs Formerly Used as ‘Breeding Stock’ in Commercial Breeding Establishments,” Applied Animal Behaviour Science 135, no. 1 (November 30, 2011): 86–94, http://www.appliedanimalbehaviour.com/article/S0168-1591(11)00300-5/abstract.

  9Ibid.

  10Ibid.

  11Ibid.

  12“Regulatory Compliance for Commercial Dog Breeders: Introductory Course,” USDA, https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalwelfare/caw/education+and+training/ct_commercial_dog_breeders.

  13Robert Gibbens, interview with author, February 15, 2017.

  14L. Pierantoni, M. Albertini, and F. Pirrone, “Prevalence of Owner-Reported Behaviours in Dogs Separated from the Litter at Two Different Ages,” Veterinary Record 169, no. 18 (August 26, 2011): 468, doi:10.1136/vr.d4967.

  15Ibid.

  16Karen Overall, phone interview with author, August 19, 2016.

  17Franklin D. McMillan et al., “Differences in Behavioral Characteristics between Dogs Obtained as Puppies from Pet Stores and Those Obtained from Noncommercial Breeders,” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 242, no. 10 (May 15, 2013): 1359–363, doi:10.2460/javma.242.10.1359.

  CHAPTER SIX

  1Karen Overall, interview with author, November 21, 2016.

  CHAPTER SEVEN

  1Leslie Irvine, interview with author, January 14, 2016.

  2Alan Beck, phone interview with author, January 13, 2016.

  3Stanley Brandes, “The Meaning of American Pet Cemetery Gravestones,” Ethnology 48, no. 2 (Spring 2009): 99–118, http://anthropology.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/Brandes%20-%20AMERICAN%20PET%20CEMETERY%20GRAVESTONES.pdf.

  4Liz Donovan, “The Most Popular Dog Names of 2015,” December 7, 2015, http://www.akc.org/content/news/articles/popular-dog-names-2015/.

  5“Popular Names in 2015,” Social Security Administration, accessed August 22, 2017, https://www.ssa.gov/cgi-bin/popularnames.cgi.

  CHAPTER EIGHT

  1Carolyn Dimitri, Anne Effla
nd, and Neilson Conklin, “The 20th Century Transformation of U.S. Agriculture and Farm Policy,” USDA Economic Research Service, Economic Information Bulletin 3 (June 2005), https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/44197/13566_eib3_1_.pdf?v=41055.

  2Bob Baker, phone interview with author, January 22, 2016.

  3Humane Society of the United States, “Puppy Mills and the Animal Welfare Act,” 2017, accessed July 13, 2017, http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/pets/puppy_mills/usda-licensed-breeders-by-2016.pdf.

  4Jennifer Molidor, “Welcome Jessica Blome,” Animal Legal Defense Fund, September 13, 2013, http://aldf.org/blog/welcome-jessica-blome/.

  5Jessica Blome, phone interview with author, February 17, 2016.

  6Virginia Young, “Compromise Dog Breeding Measure Is Rushed into Law,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, April 28, 2011, http://www.stltoday.com/news/state-and-regional/missouri/compromise-dog-breeding-measure-is-rushed-into-law/article_200c6417-ffef-58fa-990e-1bbbb0af3807.html.

  7Joel Currier, “State Officials Hail Compromise on Dog Breeding Bill,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 15, 2011, http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/state-officials-hail-compromise-on-dog-breeding-bill/article_5eed7696-3daa-581e-bff3-fbb026b7e793.html.

  8Brian Klippenstein, phone interview with author, February 8, 2016.

  9Robert Gibbens, interview with author, August 2, 2016.

  10Josh Benson, “Commercial dog Breeding in Missouri: Part 1—What a Difference a Law Makes,” Columbia Missourian, September 2, 2014, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/commercial-dog-breeding-in-missouri-part---what-a/article_befcce1e-b719-5e60-98f1-748bf7e761df.html.

  11“The Horrible Hundred 2017: Uncovering U.S. Puppy Mills,” Humane Society of the United States, May 9, 2017, http://www.humanesociety.org/news/press_releases/2017/05/horrible-hundred-2017-uncovering-puppy-mills.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/.

  12Joe Vansickle, “Chris Chinn,” National Hog Farmer, May 15, 2010, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.nationalhogfarmer.com/people/pork-masters-chris-chinn-0515.

  13Mindy Patterson, phone interview with author, October 18, 2016.

  14Sarah Stewart, “4 Oklahoma Breeders on ‘Horrible Hundred’ List,” KFOR, May 4, 2016, accessed July 13, 2017, http://kfor.com/2016/05/04/4-oklahoma-breeders-on-horrible-hundred-list/.

  CHAPTER NINE

  1Theresa Strader, interview with author, January 18, 2016.

  CHAPTER ELEVEN

  1“Old Song Carries New Tune,” Humane Society of the United States, October 30, 2009, http://m.humanesociety.org/news/profile/2009/10/old_song_new_tune_103009.html.

  2Russell Belk, phone interview with author, July 13, 2016.

  3Bob Baker, phone interview with author, January 22, 2016.

  4T. J. Greaney, “Prop B Supporters Offer Allegations of Dog Dumping,” Columbia Daily Tribune, October 28, 2010, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.columbiatribune.com/news/politics/prop-b-supporters-offer-allegations-of-dog-dumping/article_a6727bf3-eec3-5c31-ba46-2527cf7db898.html.

  5Mike Bober, phone interview with author, July 21, 2016.

  6“Pet Industry Market Size & Ownership Statistics,” American Pet Products Association, accessed August 23, 2017, http://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp.

  7USDA Office of the Inspector General, “Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Care Program Inspections of Problematic Dealers,” May 2010, https://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/33002-4-SF.pdf.

  8Sara Amundson, phone interview with author, November 15, 2016.

  9Doris Day Animal League v. Veneman No. 01-5351 (U.S. App. DC Cir. January 14, 2003), http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-dc-circuit/1362167.html.

  10Ibid.

  11USDA Office of the Inspector General, “Inspections of Problematic Dealers.”

  12Robert Gibbens, interview with author, February 15, 2017.

  13Humane Society of the United States, “Today Show Airs HSUS Investigation into Huge Internet Puppy Broker,” news release, December 7, 2011, accessed March 31, 2017, http://m.humanesociety.org/news/press_releases/2011/12/purebred_breeders_120711.html?credit=web_id339681617.

  14Purebred Breeders “Statement Regarding Report on Online Puppy Sales,” news release, December 6, 2011, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.today.com/news/statement-regarding-report-online-puppy-sales-wbna45570337.

  15Purebred Breeders LLC, “Purebred Breeders Refutes NBC Today Show and Humane Society Story,” news release, December 7, 2011, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20111207006727/en/Purebred-Breeders-Refutes-NBC-Today-Show-Humane.

  16Trina Robinson and Robbi Peele, “Woman Claims Online Puppy Company Didn’t Give Her Right Dog,” NBC 6 Miami, January 31, 2014, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.nbcmiami.com/investigations/Woman-Claims-Online-Puppy-Company-Didnt-Give-Her-Right-Dog-242943441.html.

  17Arielle Schechtman, senior director of communications for PuppySpot, email correspondence with author, January 24, 2017.

  18PuppySpot, “Dog Lovers Can Fetch Their New Best Friend at PuppySpot.com,” news release, October 18, 2016, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dog-lovers-can-fetch-their-new-best-friend-at-puppyspotcom-300346391.html.

  19“More about NAIA, National Animal Interest Alliance,” Animal Welfare—National Animal Interest Alliance, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.naiaonline.org/about-us/more-about-naia/.

  20“What You Need to Know About Animal Extremism,” NAIA Trust, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.naiatrust.org/resources/whatyouneedtoknow/.

  21Patti Strand, “NAIA Study Confirms Fewer Dogs, Scarce Purebreds in US Animal Shelters,” news release, July 14, 2015, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.naiaonline.org/articles/article/naia-study-confirms-fewer-dogs-scarce-purebreds-in-us-animal-shelters#sthash.zTsKDY7e.GNW1efvY.dpbs.

  22Greg Liberman, phone interview with author, January 13, 2017.

  CHAPTER TWELVE

  1Gabriel Rom, “Former Valhalla Pet Store Owner Hit with More Violations,” USA Today, April 28, 2016, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/local/westchester/mount-pleasant/2016/04/28/pet-store-violations/83661716/.

  2Carly Baldwin, “Dead Dogs Could Have Been in Freezer ‘For Months,’ Pet Store Owner Says,” Patch.com, March 2, 2016, accessed March 31, 2017, http://patch.com/new-jersey/eastbrunswick/dead-dogs-could-have-been-freezer-months-pet-store-owner-says.

  3Spencer Kent, “Pet Shop Facing 267 Animal Cruelty Counts Loses License,” NJ.com, March 29, 2016, http://www.nj.com/middlesex/index.ssf/2016/03/east_brunswick_revokes_license_of_just_pups.html.

  4Christopher Brennan, “Pet Store Closed after Police Find 67 Dogs—Including Puppies Covered in Feces—in Van,” New York Daily News, April 5, 2016, http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/dog-store-closed-police-find-van-full-puppies-article-1.2588680.

  5Noah Cohen, “Just Pups Owner, Brother Charged with 134 Animal Cruelty Counts,” NJ.com, April 27, 2016, http://www.nj.com/bergen/index.ssf/2016/04/just_pups_owner_brother_charged_with_134_animal_cr.html.

  6Melanie Anzidei, “Just Pups Hearing in Paramus Court over 403 Health Violations Postponed,” NorthJersey.com, May 24, 2016, http://www.northjersey.com/story/news/2016/05/24/just-pups-hearing-in-paramus-court-over-403-health-violations-postponed/94721628/.

  7State of New Jersey v. Just Pups, LLC. and Vincent LoSacco C-184-16 (Sup. Ct. Bergen Cty, 2016), http://www.nj.gov/oag/newsreleases16/Just-Pups-Complaint.pdf.

  8Missouri state inspection report, July 27, 2016.

  9Homepage, Southwest Auction Service, LLC, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.swaauction.com/.

  10Daniel Hubbard, “Just Pups Owner Pleads Guilty, Will Pay $19,000,” Paramus Patch, last modified November 10, 2016, https://patch.com/new-jersey/paramus/just-pups-owners-pleads-guilty-will-pay-19-000.

  11Paul Milo, “Alpine Couple Suing Just Pups, Pet Store with History of Complaints,” NJ.com, November 18, 2016, accessed July 13, 2017, http://www.nj.com/bergen/index.ssf/2016/11/alpine_cou
ple_suing_just_pups_pet_store_with_histo.html.

  12William Westhoven, “Industry Rebukes E. Hanover’s Just Pups,” Daily Record, February 13, 2017, accessed March 31, 2017, http://www.dailyrecord.com/story/news/2017/02/13/industry-condemns-east-hanovers-just-pups/97862926/.

  13James Lent, “East Hanover Revokes Pet Store License,” Hanover Eagle, March 7, 2017, http://www.newjerseyhills.com/hanover_eagle/news/east-hanover-revokes-pet-store-license/article_29bafb95-0753-5760-8fd0-2e82300d6c69.html.

  14Robert Gibbens, interview with author, February 15, 2017.

  CHAPTER THIRTEEN

  1Karen Overall, interview with author, November 21, 2016.

  2Nancy Sasso, phone interview with author, July 19, 2016.

  3American Veterinary Medical Association, “Pet Purchase Protection Laws,” June 2014, accessed March 31, 2017, https://www.avma.org/Advocacy/StateAndLocal/Pages/pet-lemon-laws.aspx.

  4“The Horrible Hundred 2016,” Humane Society of the United States, May 2016, https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0GqgKr1XwGQSFl3dDJpQ2JPdkk/view.

  5“Inspection Report,” United States Department of Agriculture, prepared by Randall E. Coleman, April 19, 2012, https://cbsphilly.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/2012-usda-inspection-report.jpg.

  6Charlotte Huffman, “I-Team Investigates: Where Are Puppy Stores Getting Their Dogs From?” CBS Philly, September 23, 2015, accessed March 31, 2017, http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2015/09/23/i-team-investigates-where-are-puppy-stores-getting-their-dogs-from/.

  7“Inspection Report,” United States Department of Agriculture, prepared by Randall E. Coleman, April 19, 2012, https://cbsphilly.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/2012-usda-inspection-report.jpg.

  8Tanya Espinoza, email correspondence with author, February 16, 2017.

  CHAPTER FOURTEEN

  1City and County of Denver, “Denver Animal Ordinances,” accessed March 31, 2017, https://www.denvergov.org/content/denvergov/en/denver-animal-shelter/animal-protection/denver-animal-ordinances.html.

  2John Goodwin, phone interview with author, July 14, 2016.